B.

MANGYAN (INDIGENOUS TRIBE)

Eight ethnolinguistic tribes of proto-Malay ancestry that live in the mountainous area of Mindoro Island collectively go by
the moniker "Mangyan." The seventh largest island in the Philippines, Mindoro, was originally populated by the Mangyans.

Around 600–700 years ago, the Mangyan people began to live near the coasts of Mindoro Island. They are thought to have
traveled from the archipelago's southernmost parts. More aggressive groups gradually pushed them to abandon their
coastal settlements. It seems that the Mangyan have never been particularly warlike, preferring to hand over a territory
without a struggle. Mangyans. The municipalities of Naujan, Baco, San Teodoro, and Victoria in Oriental Mindoro, as well as
Sablayan in Occidental Mindoro, are home to the Alangan Mangyans. The name of a river and certain mountain slopes in
the upper Alangan Valley served as the basis for the name Alangan.

C. Cultural Traits

The term "Mangyan" refers to a native Philippine ethnic group that now only resides on the island of Mindoro. Mangyans
still practice aspects of their ancient civilizations, and they have a rich tangible and intangible cultural heritage to protect for
future generations.

The Mangyan Heritage Center and Mangyan Heritage Museum are cultural landmarks and museums in the Calapan City of
Oriental Mindoro. The Mangyan Heritage Center (MHC) is the first library in Calapan City to offer online access, and it
houses the greatest collection of books about Mangyans anywhere in the world. It was founded in 2000 and was
constructed for the collection of Mangyan historian Antoon Postma and Dutch anthropologists. The MHC maintains,
records, and further investigates all matters pertaining to the eight Mangyan groups. Encouragements to respect,
promotes, and educate the public about the indigenous Mangyan culture in the contemporary day are among its vision,
mission, and goals. Within the Dolce Vita di Jo Resort lies the two-story Mangyan Heritage Museum. A variety of antiquities
and underwater archaeological items, including bones, shells, ceramics, and porcelain, are on show on the ground floor.

The Mangyan historical relics, such as their clothing, accessories, musical instruments, hunting and cooking tools, and
written language, are the focal point of the museum.

The Mangyan Monument was erected at Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro, as a mark of respect for the Tao Buhid and Alangan
Tribes Mangyan, who were Sablayan's original occupants. The interaction between the Mangyan tribes and lowland settlers
is also acknowledged in this piece of art.

A variety of culturally significant items, including weaving, pottery, and a writing system known as Surat Mangyan, are
produced by the Mangyans. They used a pre-Hispanic syllabic writing system, which is thought to be the ancestor of Indi. In
Oriental Mindoro's Mangyan schools, it is still practiced and taught. The Ambahan, a rhythmic poetic expression with a
meter of seven syllables given by recitation and chanting or engraved on bamboo, is another form of traditional poetry that
the Hanunuos perform. Their woven bags and indigo-dyed textiles contain a pakudos embroidery pattern on the back. Their
textiles are also painted indigo blue.

The Mangyans' manner of life, languages, and ideals are all part of their intangible cultural heritage. Mangyans are farmers
who cultivate different kinds of sweet potato, rice, and taro. They also catch wild pigs and small animals. Many people who
interact often with lowland Filipinos trade in cash crops like ginger and bananas. Tawbuid and Buhid are closely related and
are unusual among Philippine languages in having a phoneme. Tawbuid is divided into eastern and western dialects.
Western Tawbuid may be the only Philippine language to lack glottal phonemes. Mangyan's languages are mutually
incomprehensible, despite sharing some vocabulary and using Hanunó'o script to write.

The Mangyan Festival, one of the traditional Mangyan celebrations, is held in Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro to honor and
recognize the Mangyan community, which makes up a sizeable portion of Mansalay's population. Additionally, it supports
the highest principles shared by the Mansalay as a whole and the Hanunuo/Buhid tribe.

Arts and crafts have always been an outgrowth of Mangyan culture and a continuation of their practices. Traditional square-
necked blouses (lambong) and traditional men's open-front shirts are two examples of Mangyan handicrafts (balukas). The
ramit is a fabric used as a skirt and blanket. They also weave baskets out of rattan and nito, as well as beaded jewelry and
accessories. Today, this unique display of creativity and talent not only preserves the Mangyan tradition and heritage but
also generates additional cash for their education and medical expenses.
D. Possible Livelihoods

The possible livelihoods for the Mangyan tribe based on their cultural traits are the following

 Planting and selling their numerous products, such as diverse sweet potatoes, varied vegetables, rice, taro, and
fruits, close to the area's tourist attractions. It will be sold to locals as well as tourists so that they may purchase it
for their daily meals. Their traditional arts and crafts, such as nito plates, baskets, ornamental jars, etc., will also
provide a living for them. Tourists love to purchase mementos at every tourist destination they visit, so they may
make money here.
 Above all, establishing rural tourism in the region where they reside is the most efficient way to generate income
for the Mangyan tribes. They will benefit immensely from having a stream of money to cover their daily necessities
and expenses.
 Rural tourism is one of the best ways to increase revenue for the area's businesses and places, as well as for the
local tribes themselves, by allowing visitors to actively participate and experience rural life and culture. This
includes teaching visitors some of the local lingo and using the Hanunó'o script to write things like "Tawbuid and
Buhid," "Agricultural activities," "Making their Traditional Arts and Crafts," and other things. Through this, we not
only give them a means of subsistence but also promote their tribe to foreign visitors, acknowledge them as one of
the most significant tribes in the Philippines, and help to maintain their culture and traditions.
E. State of Tourism

THE EFFECT OF TOURISM TO MANGYAN (INDEGENOUS TRIBE)

Positive

• They discovered that tourism guaranteed job possibilities, collaborated with indigenous people, fostered
intercultural understanding, and enhanced material welfare.
• Indigenous tourism has the potential to promote product diversification, provide employment, reduce poverty,
stop rural flight migration, empower women and youth, and foster a sense of pride among Indigenous people if
it is managed properly and sustainably.
Negative

• Negative sociocultural effects of tourism on indigenous peoples have occurred frequently throughout history
and continue largely unabated today. These effects include traditional culture gradually disappearing, a lack of
cultural authenticity, cultural devolution, a decrease in intertribal interaction and occasionally conflicts, and a
shift in tribal peoples' attitudes toward utilitarianism.
• The fishing villages that previously dotted Mansalay's coastline have been replaced with beach hotels.
• Tourism results in host communities losing social control and their sense of identity as well as foreign
dominance and dependency, divisiveness, environmental degradation, and cultural alienation.
• On the other hand, the adverse environmental effects include deterioration of the local ecology, destruction of
the natural environment and terrain, and contamination of the water, air, and noise.
F. Suggestions/Proposals

A country benefits greatly from tourism. Because to Mangyan's tribe, what they spend money on or purchase helps a
nation's economy. It is frequently visited since the Mangyan Tribe is endowed with natural riches that will inevitably draw
tourists from that Island, similar to how they manage the Philippines. The reason why certain of our viewpoints get
discovered by international visitors for larger exposure is another factor. One of the reasons the Mangyan Tribe is being
investigated again is the "hospitable" or generally kind demeanour of the Filipino people. The growth of our tourism
industry contributes to the expansion of our economy. Additionally, it aids in the enhancement of our nation's
infrastructure, economy, and natural resources. However, it still isn't enough to solve all of our nation's issues. Focusing on
further growing Philippine tourism is not a simple task because it involves extensive planning to make sure that it can be
tailored to the ultimate objective of the local Mangyan Tribe governments.

The preservation of our feeling of identity depends on our cultural legacy. It provides us with an unbreakable link to
historical social values, opinions, and cultural practices, which enables us to identify with others and strengthens our sense
of unanimity, belonging, and patriotism. The DOT promotes greater visitor arrivals to destinations and places, especially
potential and growing attractions, in addition to promoting our regional cultures. Away from the hustle and bustle of the
city, the Oriental Mindoro provides stunning beaches that are ideal for a relaxed vacation. Examples of the other portion of
Mangyan are Puerto Galera, which is likewise famed for its white sand beaches and dive locations. The Bulalacao region also
has several stunning islands to discover. The commission is actively encouraged in attempts to boost farm tourism.
Additionally, the mayor of Puerto Galera claims that since 2010, the number of visitors to the city has been steadily rising.
The average annual increase is from 30% to 40%. More foreigners are visiting the island, some of whom are staying
permanently, and it's not just the Filipinos who are paying attention.
G. References

Villareal, M. (2020, September 22). The Mangyan Tribe of Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro. Out of Town Blog. Retrieved from
https://outoftownblog.com/the-mangyan-tribe-of-mansalay-oriental-mindoro/.

(2020, July 13). Mangyan Youth in Action to Keep Hope Alive - Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency.
Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency - Build Hope, Change Lives: Volunteer!

Retrieved from https://www.pnvsca.gov.ph/?p=463.

Postma, A. (1974). DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE MANGYANS OF MINDORO: A Privileged Experience. Philippine Quarterly of
Culture and Society, 2(1/2), 21–37.

Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/29791117.

The History of Indigenous Peoples and Tourism. (2018)Culturalsurvival.org.

Retrieve from: https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/history-indigenous-peoples-and-

Mangyan Heritage Center. (2021). ASEF Culture360. Retrieved from https://culture360.asef.org/resources/mangyan-

Mangyan Heritage Museum. (2021). Discover Mindoro. Retrieved from https://discovermindoro.com/portfolio-

Sablayan. (2021). Retrieved from http://www.sablayan.net/mangyan-monument/. Alucard. (2014). Grade 7 Art: Mangyan
arts and crafts. Retrieved from http://mygrade7art.blogspot.com/2014/09/mangyan-arts-and-crafts.html.

Mangyans Life and Culture. (2019). MNL.OP INC. Retrieved from https://mnlop.com.ph/2019/09/11/mangyans- life-and-
culture/.

SERVICES, I. S. D. (2021). Mangyan Festival | Travel Oriental Mindoro. Www.travelorientalmindoro.ph. Retrieved from
https://www.travelorientalmindoro.ph/Festival/Details/811.

Mangyans Life and Culture. (2019, September 11). MNL.OP INC. Retrieved from
https://mnlop.com.ph/2019/09/11/mangyans-life-and-culture/.