The Cause and Effect of Procrastination Among Humss Students in Grade 11

at Arellano University's Juan Sumulong Campus During the Pandemic

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1. Background of the Study

Procrastination is very common nowadays especially to the person who’s studying
and working. Why do we procrastinate? There’s a reason why people procrastinate, there is a
cause and effect in it. Procrastination may be defined as a way to avoid or escape from
undesirable tasks. The procrastinator usually justifies his action by saying that "This is a
boring assignment," or "I will do it later". In another definition, the procrastination has been
described as an intentional, unreasonable postponement of the taken decisions, being
unaware of the fact that this will bring about certain negative consequences. Procrastination
may be defined as a way to avoid or escape from undesirable tasks. The procrastinator
usually justifies his action by saying that "This is a boring assignment," or "I will do it later".
In another definition, the procrastination has been described as an intentional, unreasonable
postponement of the taken decisions, being unaware of the fact that this will bring about
certain negative consequences. People procrastinate for different reasons. Sometimes it
results from too much pressure from family, maybe while growing up in a rigid household.
For example, expectations for high performance from parents can make people put off
projects out of fear of failure or criticisms. Procrastination is something that everyone does
at some point in their lives. Procrastination is a type of self-regulation failure characterized
by the unnecessary postponement of activities one desires to undertake despite the likelihood
of negative repercussions (Steel, 2007; cf. Klingsieck, 2013). Procrastination is a common
and harmful form of self-control failure that is little understood. As a result, important
conceptual, theoretical, and empirical work is reviewed, with correlational, experimental, and
qualitative findings included. Procrastination is a habit that everyone, regardless of their
circumstances, engages in on a daily basis. Procrastination is practiced by everyone from
young junior high students to individuals who have been out of school for some time. Some
would argue that it is a sort of deviance because deviance is defined as "any breach of
norms," and avoiding doing what should be done is a violation of norms. However, in today's
world of technology and the Internet, individuals postpone constantly. The Director of the
American Psychological Association's Center for Organizational Excellence, stated that
procrastination is not just about avoiding chores. It should, however, include some element
that is illogical, antagonistic, and irrelevant.
There are various types of procrastination. Academic procrastination is a particular
type of procrastination. It refers to deliberate and unnecessary delays in starting or finishing
work. Philippines was experiencing problems with procrastination among students. Only a
select handful appear to be able to break free from this deadly habit. They are setting
themselves up for failure since time management is a critical component of personal
achievement. Students have a habit of procrastinating or deferring things that are far more
vital and putting them off until later. Students procrastinate; they cram, and procrastinators
are expected to suffer unfavorable effects.  This issue becomes problematic as students
develop a habit of misbehaving. That is why, during this pandemic, researchers tend to dig
further into this subject in order to share and expose the causes and effects of procrastination
to students at the start of the school year.  People have a tendency to put things off even when
they are aware that doing so would result in a slew of negative repercussions. Everyone
develops a poor habit as a result of this harmful behavior. People develop a habit of
cramming as a result of neglecting tasks that must be completed quickly, and the main cause
is procrastination. Irrational behavior can have a significant impact on one's life. This type of
behavior can lead to major mental health issues. Procrastination is linked to tension, worry,
and, in the worst-case scenario, depression.
Procrastination among students is a common and significant issue that affects
students at all levels. It's also a challenging issue, because different students postpone for
various reasons, and hence benefit from varied ways for overcoming their procrastination.
When it comes to studying or working on tasks, students rely heavily on their self-control to
get themselves to do it. Additionally, their self-control is sometimes aided by their
motivation, which allows them to complete tasks on time. However, some students
experience a variety of impediments, such as weariness, as well as demotivating influences,
such as anxiety, that interfere with their ability to study and complete assignments on time.
They procrastinate until the balance between these elements flips in their favor, or until it is
too late. This explains why many students procrastinate on a regular basis, while having the
requisite drive and a genuine desire to study and complete their assignments. This also
explains why many students procrastinate on academic work until the day before the
deadline, when heightened motivation, frequently in the form of stressful pressure, eventually
forces them to begin studying or working on their assignments. Students frequently delay
because they cannot see how a project is relevant or significant to them, they do not
comprehend the topic, or they just do not know where to begin. When it comes down to it,
procrastination is a mix of challenges with motivation, confidence, and comprehension.
Students' academics, grades, and even their overall health can suffer as a result of
procrastination. Procrastinating students suffer higher levels of irritation, guilt, tension, and
worry, which can lead to major concerns such as low self-esteem and depression.
Procrastination's impacts on high school seniors can be even more severe. Students who wait
until the last minute obtain lower grades than their colleagues after they start high school and
begin receiving more take-home tasks and larger projects. This can lead to a vicious cycle of
poor grades and low self-esteem, which is difficult for students to break. This can cause a lot
of extra stress and frustration as students' grades begin to affect their post-secondary
possibilities. Typically, students postpone because their self-control and motivation are
outweighed by concerns like weariness and nervousness. Abstract goals, overwhelm,
perfectionism, fear of failure, task aversion, resentment, a difficult work environment, and
sensation seeking are all common causes of student procrastination. Understanding why kids
procrastinate is crucial whether you're a student attempting to overcome your own
procrastination or a parent or instructor trying to assist a student stop. As a result, if you're
attempting to help someone quit procrastinating, it's important devoting some time to
determining what's creating the problem in the first place.
This research is being carried out in order to identify and locate a suitable and better
solution to assist us in overcoming this troubling habit. The goal of this study is to figure out
the cause and effect, since the outbreak of the pandemic, fellow Humss students at Arellano
University have been procrastinating when it comes to doing their schoolwork and tasks. and
come up with a strong way to deter students from procastinating more, which will have an
impact on their school and personal lives.

1.2. Literature Review

Procrastination is a negative habit that should be avoided at all costs. This
unreasonable delay leads to increased tension, irritation, and worry, as well as a reduction in
a student's creativity and productivity. Procrastination, according to Laeus (2015), is the
avoidance of performing a necessary duty. He goes on to say that procrastination is the act of
doing more pleasurable activities instead of less pleasurable ones, or completing less urgent
chores instead of more important ones, so deferring imminent tasks. The majority of research
focuses on procrastination as a constant personality trait, however external and internal
factors can both trigger and mediate actual behavior (Steel & Klingsieck, 2016; Van Eerde,
2003). Until now, the precise dynamics causing this illogical delay have remained a mystery
(Wilson & Nguyen, 2012). Numerous researches have linked a variety of psychological,
cognitive, emotional, and motivational elements to a slightly positive outcome. This
phenomenon is depicted in a jumbled manner (Rebetez, Rochat, & Van by der Linden, 2015).
However, it appears that the majority of persons Procrastinators are in a lot of difficulty
(Flett, Stainton, and others). Hewitt, Sherry, and Lay (2012)) and would like to see this
behavior decrease (Steel, 2007). Surprisingly, despite the fact that procrastination is so
common and causes so many problems for people who suffer from it, research on
procrastination interventions is currently scarce (Steel & Klingsieck, 2016). When it comes
to procrastination in academic settings, this absence becomes even more noticeable (Struck
&Spencer, 2012).
The Filipino mañana (mamaya na) habit, or what we call procrastination, can have an
impact on a student's academic success in school. Academic procrastination is a common
self-reported problem that causes students' academic performance to suffer, as well as
increased stress and a lower perceived value of life. Students have a habit of procrastinating
or deferring things that are far more important and putting them off until later. Students who
procastinate are infamous for deferring tasks, which may result in failure in their exams due
to their lack of attention on studying, rather than their intellectual capacity; however, some
students procastinate due to avoidance to the task at hand and, to some extent, spontaneous
enjoyment. Procrastination is commonly seen to be maladaptive since it is linked to a failure
 to manage and regulate one's goals, but it may also be adaptive, as students use it as a coping
technique for anxiety. Academic procrastination is defined as the tendency to put off
completing academic work, despite the fact that doing so may have negative effects
(Simpson & Psychl, 2009; Steel, 2007). According to empirical studies, up to 70% of pupils
procastinate on a regular basis ((Ferrari, O’Callaghan, & Newbegin, 2005; Rabin, Fogel, &
Nutter-Upham, 2011). Academic procrastination has been reported to be common among
undergraduate and graduate students, as well as across racial groups and genders (Klassen,
Krawchuk, & Rajani, 2008; Klassen, 2010; Ozer & Ferrari, 2011). Missing deadlines for
submitting assignments, delaying quizzes, claiming test anxiety, earning poor results, and
achieving low cumulative grade point averages are all connected with academic
procrastination (Balkis, 2011; Ferrari, Keane, Wolfe, & Beck, 1998; Hen & Goroshit, 2014).
Further research revealed that automatic negative thoughts (Flett et al., 2012), low
achievement goals, self-esteem, and self-regulated failure (Rebetez, Rochat & Van-Linden,
2015), low mindfulness (Sirois & Tosti, 2012), fear of failure (Haghbin et al., 2012), low
goal management abilities (Gustavson, Miyake, Hewitt, &Friedman, 2014), maladaptive
perfectionism (Rice, Richardson, & Clark, 2012), interest enhancement, and low energy
(Grospel & Steel, 2008), as well as lowered executive functions (Rabin et al., 2011), were all
strong predictors of procrastination. Other research has focused on the negative effects of
procrastination in academic settings, such as psychological discomfort, anxiety, decreased
health, poor health behaviors, diminished well-being, low academic performance, regret, and
social avoidance (Kim & Seo, 2015; Krause & Fruend, 2014; Sirois & Pychyl, 2013; Steel &
Ferrari, 2013). Several qualitative investigations were undertaken in order to better
understand the nature of academic procrastination. Schraw, Wadkins, and Olafson (2007)
developed a ground theory study to investigate the process of procrastination and offer a
preliminary paradigm model. Academic procrastination has both adaptive and maladaptive
elements, according to their research. Students stated that they planned to better manage their
time, reduce boredom, and work more efficiently. The key result of this study is that more
research into this topic is required in order to develop efficient strategies that will assist
students in creating an environment that will aid them in reducing their academic
procastinating inclinations. The first step in our brains is to recognize that we must assist
ourselves in overcoming this troublesome behavior in order to create a better society for all
of us.

1.3 . Research Problem

To improve or create a better atmosphere in order to help a fellow student who is
suffering as a result of their procrastinating habits Identifying the cause and effect will assist in
the construction of a powerful and better solution or strategy for students to use and understand
why we should stop procrastinating with our schoolwork.
1.4. Scopes and Limitations
The research was carried out at the Juan Sumulong Campus of Arellano University.
Senior high school students in the Humss strand's Garde 11 are the target respondents. The
researchers hand-picked fellow Humss students to participate in the interview. There are
approximately ten students, five girls and five boys. The student respondents are between the
ages of 16 and 18, and come from a variety of religious, economical, and educational
backgrounds. The focus of this study will be on the perceptions and opinions of selected Grade
11 students from the strand Humss who are enrolled at the Arellano University Juan Sumulong
Campus. It will not discuss other threads', faculty's, or even the school administration's
perspectives. The study will only concentrate on the topic of procrastination. Specifically, the
cause and effects of procrastination among Humss students in Grade 11 at Arellano University
Juan Sumulong Campus During the pandemic.

1.5. Definition of terms

Procrastination - putting off the work rather than doing it now
Technique - a method of carrying out a specific task or work that needed to be done
Pandemic - a virus or disease that affects the entire world or country
Cause – where the problem started
Effect – the outcome of the problem
Habit - the one that has become a part of our daily lives, we can't go through the day or finish it
without performing it.