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    12 NTP

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    john george
    NTP is a networking protocol used to synchronize computer clock times in a network. It allows devices on a network to synchronize their clocks to a central server or authoritative time source. NTP uses a hierarchical master-slave architecture and stratum levels to define clock accuracy and distance from the authoritative time source. It can operate in various modes including server, client, and peer. NTP version 4 adds support for IPv6 and improved security features over version 3.

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    12 NTP

    Uploaded by

    john george
    44 views7 pages
    NTP is a networking protocol used to synchronize computer clock times in a network. It allows devices on a network to synchronize their clocks to a central server or authoritative time source. NTP uses a hierarchical master-slave architecture and stratum levels to define clock accuracy and distance from the authoritative time source. It can operate in various modes including server, client, and peer. NTP version 4 adds support for IPv6 and improved security features over version 3.

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    12.NTP

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    NTP is a networking protocol used to synchronize computer clock times in a network. It allows devices on a network to synchronize their clocks to a central server or authoritative time source. NTP uses a hierarchical master-slave architecture and stratum levels to define clock accuracy and distance from the authoritative time source. It can operate in various modes including server, client, and peer. NTP version 4 adds support for IPv6 and improved security features over version 3.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views7 pages

    12 NTP

    Uploaded by

    john george
    NTP is a networking protocol used to synchronize computer clock times in a network. It allows devices on a network to synchronize their clocks to a central server or authoritative time source. NTP uses a hierarchical master-slave architecture and stratum levels to define clock accuracy and distance from the authoritative time source. It can operate in various modes including server, client, and peer. NTP version 4 adds support for IPv6 and improved security features over version 3.

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    Networkforyou

    Welcome
    To
    Network for you
    NTP

    Email us: 1 of 7 WhatsApp Us : +966532984612


    networkforyou4@gmail.com
    Networkforyou

    NTP (Network time protocol):

    • NTP stand for Network Time Protocol.


    • NTP is use to provide time.
    • NTP is used to allow network devices to synchronize clocks with central source clock.
    • NTP is very important for network devices like routers, switches, server and firewalls.
    • NTP make sure logging information and timestamps have the accurate time and date.
    • NTP is runs over User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
    • NTP is a protocol used on networks to maintain clock time.
    • NTP uses a hierarchical system of time sources.
    • NTP used client server architecture to work.
    • NTP uses UDP port number 123.
    • NTP have two version NTP Version 3 and Version 4.
    • NTP Server is also called as NTP Master.
    • CISCO Router and Switch can be configured in three modes Server, Client and Server/Client Mode.
    • By default router works in NTP Server/Client mode.
    • Stratum defines the reliability and accuracy of NTP source.
    • NTP uses of stratum 0 to Stratum 15 for NTP Sources.
    • One (1) is the most reliable and 15 are the worst NTP sources.
    • Stratum 0 represents Atomic Clock and not used in CISCO Router or Switch.
    • Stratum 1 to 15 are valid levels and used in CISCO Router and Switches.
    • Stratum 16 represents NTP is not synchronized.
    • Default stratum level of CISCO Router or Switches internal clock is 8.
    • Syslog messages timestamp using the Network Time Protocol (NTP).

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    NTP Stratum:

    • NTP Stratum levels define the distance from the reference clock.
    • A Stratum- 0 device that is assumed to be most accurate and it has no dely.
    • NTP Stratum -0 servers cannot be used on the network.

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    NTP Architecture:

    • NTP uses stratums 1 to 16 to define clock accuracy.


    • A lower NTP stratum value represents higher accuracy.
    • Clocks at NTP stratums 1 through 15 are in synchronized state.
    • Clocks at Network Time Protocol stratum 16 are not synchronized.

    NTP Modes:

    • CISCO Router and Switches can use four different NTP modes.
    1. NTP Server,
    2. NTP Client,
    3. NTP Server/Client
    4. NTP Peer

    NTP Server Mode:

    • NTP Server is a network device, which running NTP service.


    • NTP Server is configured to provide Time information to NTP Clients.
    • NTP Server never accept time synchronization information from other devices.
    • NTP Server mode router reads time from NTP source or uses its own clock as NTP source.

    NTP Client Mode:

    • NTP Clients mode Only receives NTP updates.


    • NTP Clients does not advertise received updates.
    • NTP Clients uses them to synchronize its own clock.

    NTP Server/Clients Mode:

    • NTP Server/Clients, Router receives updates from NTP Server.


    • NTP Server/Clients also advertises them from its own interfaces.
    • CISCO Router and Switch play both role NTP Server and Clients.
    • As NTP Clients, it received NTP updates and as NTP Server, it advertises NTP updates.

    NTP Peer Mode:

    • In NTP peer modes each device can provide time synchronization to other.
    • So, one can synchronize the other in case of failures.

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    NTP Master:

    • When we make NTP master then internal devices can synchronize use NTP master command.
    • NTP Master command tells router that it is an NTP Server.
    • NTP Server is also referred to as an NTP Master.

    NTP Versions:

    • We have two NTP version that is version 3 and version 4.


    • Version 4 supports IPV6 and it backwards compatible with NTP version 3.
    • NTP Version 4 also adds DNS support for IPV6.
    • NTPv3 use broadcast messages where as NTPV4 use Multicast.
    • NTPV4 is more secure compare to NTP V3.

    NTP Security and Authentication:

    • NTP can be secured by authentication mechanism that uses MD5 algorithm.


    • All NTP packets that can update the clock have to be authenticated.
    • The packets will be authenticated using HMAC MD5 which carries a key number.

    NTP Lab in Packet Tracer:

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    R1 Configuration: SW1 Configuration:


    en en
    config t config t
    hostname R1 hostname SW1
    int f0/0
    ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 int vlan 1
    no sh ip add 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
    no sh
    ntp server 192.168.1.2
    ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1

    ntp server 192.168.1.2


    SW2 Configuration: SW3 Configuration:
    en en
    config t config t
    hostname SW2 hostname SW3

    int vlan 1 int vlan 1


    ip add 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.0 ip add 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0
    no sh no sh
    ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1
    ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1
    ntp server 192.168.1.2
    ntp server 192.168.1.2
    Output: R1#sh clock
    12:18:16.312 UTC Sun Jan 17 2021
    Sh ntp status R1#sh ntp status
    Sh clock Clock is synchronized, stratum 16, reference is
    192.168.1.2
    nominal freq is 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is
    249.9990 Hz, precision is 2**24
    reference time is 17EB4FF2.000002C1
    (21:58:10.705 UTC Sat Dec 5 2048)
    clock offset is 0.00 msec, root delay is 0.00
    msec
    root dispersion is 10.00 msec, peer dispersion
    is 0.12 msec.
    loopfilter state is 'CTRL' (Normal Controlled
    Loop), drift is - 0.000001193 s/s system poll
    interval is 4, last update was 11 sec ago.

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    Lab Time:

    R1 Configuration R2 Configuration
    en en
    config t config t
    hostname R1 hostname R2

    int f0/0
    int f0/0 ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
    ip add dhcp no sh
    no sh
    exit

    ip name-server 8.8.8.8
    ip domain-lookup

    int f1/0
    ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
    no sh ip domain-lookup

    Adjust Router Clock (R1)


    Sh clock
    Sh clock detail
    Clock set 22:36:00 Oct 20 2020
    Config t: Clock timezone UTC+3
    Show clock
    Config t: ntp server sa.pool.ntp.org
    Sh ntp status
    Sh ntp associations

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