The retina is the innermost layer of the eyeball located between the vitreous humor and the choroid. It can be divided into the posterior pole and peripheral retina. The posterior pole contains the optic disc and macula lutea. The macula lutea is located temporal to the optic disc and contains the fovea centralis, which is the center of sharpest vision.
The retina is the innermost layer of the eyeball located between the vitreous humor and the choroid. It can be divided into the posterior pole and peripheral retina. The posterior pole contains the optic disc and macula lutea. The macula lutea is located temporal to the optic disc and contains the fovea centralis, which is the center of sharpest vision.
The retina is the innermost layer of the eyeball located between the vitreous humor and the choroid. It can be divided into the posterior pole and peripheral retina. The posterior pole contains the optic disc and macula lutea. The macula lutea is located temporal to the optic disc and contains the fovea centralis, which is the center of sharpest vision.
The retina is the innermost layer of the eyeball located between the vitreous humor and the choroid. It can be divided into the posterior pole and peripheral retina. The posterior pole contains the optic disc and macula lutea. The macula lutea is located temporal to the optic disc and contains the fovea centralis, which is the center of sharpest vision.
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RETINA UNIT -1 –PART 1
The innermost tunic (layer) of the eyeball
Is a thin delicate layer It is found posterior to vitreous and anterior to choroid It appears purplish red blue due to the visual purple of the rods and underlying vascular choroid Retina extends from optic disc to the ora serrata Surface area abou:266mm2 Retina is thickest in peripapillary region and thinnest at oraserrata Grossly it can be divided in to two distinct region Posteriorpole and peripheral retina separated by retinal eqwuator and is an imagijnary line exit of vena verticosa (veins of the outer layer of the choroid)
Posterior pole Posterior pole refers to the area of retia posterior to the retinal equator Posterior pole of the retina includes two distinct areas : optics disc and macula lutea Posterior pole of retina is best examined by slitlamp, indirect bimicrocopy using +78d and 90d lens and by direct ophthalmoscopy
Optic disc: It is pink in colour Well defined vertically oval area with average dimension of 1.76mm and horizontally 1.88mm It is placed 3.4mm nasal to the fovea At the optic disc all the retinal layers terminates except nerve fibres The optic disc thus represents the beginning of the optic nerve and is also referred to as optic neve head A depression seen in the disc is called the physiological cup The central retinal artery an vein emerge through the centre of this cup, Because of absence of photoreceptors (rods and cones) the opti disc produces an absolute scotoma in the visual field called as physiological blind spot
Macula lutea: It is also called yellow spot It is comparatively deeper in red than the surrounding fundus Is situated at the posterior pole temporal to the optic disc It is about 5.5mm in diameter Fovea centralis: is the central depressed part of the macula it is about 1.5mm in diameter Foveola: centre of fovea centralis a shining pit called It is about 0.35mm in diameter The tiny depression in the centre of foveola is called umbo which is seen as shining foveal reflex on fundus examination Surrounding the fovea are the parafoveal and perifoveal areas
Peripheral retina:
Refers to the area bounded posteriorly by retinal equator and anteriorly by
the ora serrata Peripheral retina is best examined by indirect ophthalmoscope and by the use of goldmann three mirror contact lens
Ora serrata:
It is the serrated peripheral margin where the retina ends
Here the retina is firmly attached both to the vitreous and choroid The pars plana extends anteriorly from the ora serrata
ANATOMY MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF FOVEA CENTRALIZE
(Fovea Also called the central fovea or fovea centralis)
