A pleasure morning/afternoon blockmates Hence, action is directed at the health of an

and Sir Allan. I am Mica Krizel Mercado entire population, or sub-population, rather
together with my partner Ms. Jean Aubrey than individual.
Murtz and we will be presenting some
aspects of health encompasses medical and Next we have, the environmental health.
dental which plays an essential part of our
overall health and well-being. This refers to the branch of public health
that is concerned with all aspects of the
But before that, let’s have a short energizer. natural and built environment that may
affect human health. Other terms that
Let’s first define what a public health is. concern or refer to the discipline of
environmental health include
PUBLIC HEALTH environmental public health and
environmental health and protection.
It is the science and art of preventing
disease, prolonging life and promoting Ito naman yung pagmomonitor ng mga
health through the organized efforts and factors na hindi natin directly na kokontrol
informed choices of society, however it can leave a huge impact or it can
organizations, public and private, potentially affect human health. Since as we
communities and individuals. It is all know, yung environment kung saan tayo
concerned with threats to the overall nakatira ay isa sa mga pangunahing dahilan
health of a community based on ng kalagayan ng kalusugan natin.
population health analysis. In simple
words, binubuo ito ng mga actions, Then, behavioral health…
regulations and policies na usually
pinapamunuan ng partikular na kagawaran In psychology behavioral health, as a
or ng gobyerno mismo with the objectives of general concept, refers to the reciprocal
addressing the public of the appropriate relationship between human behavior,
care and mapabuti ang kalusugan ng mga individually or socially, and the well-
mamamayan. Pinaka example is the being of the body, mind, and spirit,
pandemic. Public health is typically whether the latter are considered
divided into epidemiology (which individually or as an integrated whole.
investigates all the factors that determine The term is more commonly used to
the presence or absence of diseases and describe a field of scientific study,
disorders), biostatistics ( it deals with the academic proficiency and clinical
design and analysis of data from biomedical healthcare practice.
studies) and health services ( it refers to
any service that can contribute to improved Behavioral health. It is the preferred term to
health so basically it is providing medical mental health. And ito yung pag-aaral sa
care) Then Environmental, social, emotions and behaviors ng tao in relation
behavioral, and occupational health are with their mental well-being. And yung mga
other important subfields. taong nagsa suffer with his or her behavioral
health ay maaaring makaranas ng
depression, anxiety, mood disorders and
There are two distinct characteristics of
other psychological concern. And
public health:
fortunately, may mga tao namang nasa
professional field like psychologists and
1. It deals with preventive rather than therapists na makakatulong sa mga taong
curative aspects of health. nakakaranas nito..

Pamilyar na naman tayo sa katagang Next is the occupational health and safety, it
“Prevention is better than cure” is

That being the case, It means stopping a A cross-disciplinary area concerned with
problem even before it arises. protecting the safety, health and welfare
of people engaged in work or
2. It deals with population-level, rather employment. The goal of all occupational
than individual-level health issues. health and safety programs is to foster a
safe work environment. As a secondary
effect, it may also protect co-workers, There's no need to elaborate on this further
family members, employers, customers, naman so let’s move forward to water
suppliers, nearby communities, and fluoridation.
other members of the public who are
impacted by the workplace environment. Water fluoridation is the controlled
addition of fluoride to a public water
Ito naman yung area or field ng public supply to reduce tooth decay.
health that deals with the implementation of Fluoridated water has fluoride at a level
strategies and regulations para maiwasan that is effective for preventing cavities;
yung anumang disgrasya na possible this can occur naturally or by adding
mangyari sa mga nagtatrabaho. fluoride. Fluoridated water operates on
tooth surfaces: in the mouth it creates
low levels of fluoride in saliva, which
Dental public health is a non-clinical
reduces the rate at which tooth enamel
specialty of dentistry. This is involved in
demineralizes and increases the rate at
the assessment of dental health needs
which it rematerializes in the early stages
and improving the dental health of
of cavities.
populations rather than individuals.
The goal of water fluoridation is to
So, it is another field of public health that prevent a chronic disease whose
mainly corncerns the dental health of burdens particularly fall on children and
populations rather than individual. Diba dati on the poor. Its use presents a conflict
when we were in probably elementary and between the common good and
high school. Kung natatandaan nyo pa yung individual rights. It is controversial, and
mga nagpupunta sa school natin na mga opposition to it has been based on
dentista uhm I’m not very sure about ethical, legal, safety, and efficacy
that.Pero ito yung one of the act of grounds. Health and dental organizations
assessing dental health of a certain worldwide have endorsed its safety and
population which is tayo ngang mga effectiveness.
estudyante with the goal of providing health
care to communities na maaaring walang Fluoride is commonly ginagamit sa dentistry
access sa mga gantong bagay. to strengthen enamel. Basically, water
fluoridation is done to prevent tooth decay.
One of the controversial subjects But sad to say, there is no water fluoridation
relating to dental public health is here in the Philippines, even so, may mga
fluoridation of drinking water. supplements and such naman like
Commercial mouthwashes have also toothpaste na may fluoride which can play
been a cause for concern, with some the alternatives.
studies linking them to an increased risk
of oral cancer.
And now, let's move on to the next topic
I'll go into more detail about this later. which is vital signs.
Ito yung minomonitor or minemeasure ng
Dentistry, which is a part of teratology, is mga medical professional para malaman
the branch of medicine that is involved in ang status ng katawan natin. At is done
the evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, usually kapag kailangan nating umundergo
and surgical or non-surgical treatment of sa isang needed uhm I don’t know the right
diseases, disorders and conditions of term but for instance, nong before tayo
the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and the magpa vaccine, diba mineasure and tinake
adjacent and associated structures and yung pulse rate, blood pressure and
their impact on the human body. temperature natin para malaman kung
Dentistry is widely considered necessary normal ba ang mga to and kung pwede
for complete overall health. Those who tayong magpavaccine.
practice dentistry are known as dentists.
Traditionally, the vital signs consist
Dentistry on the other hand, is a branch of
of temperature, pulse rate, blood
medicine and a profession dealing with the
pressure, and respiratory rate. But we'll
prevention and treatment of oral disease,
only go over the first three.
like dental cavities and gum disease.
With a few tools and an observant eye, We will now discuss family planning.
you can help detect and monitor health
problems in your family. A normal body Family planning is having the number of
temperature ranges from 36.9℃ to children you want, if you are raising a
37.2℃ or 97.6℉ to 99.6 ℉ and for most family. Different partners have different
people it is 37.5℃ or 98.6℉. Minor reasons for wanting to limit the size of
changes in temperature are due to the their family. May iba na ayaw pa, para
time of day and other factors. Whenever magkaroon pa sila ng enough time to save
a person feels hot or cold to your touch, up so kapag dumating na yung panahon na
it is good idea to measure and record may sarili na silang pamilya eh they can
his/her temperature. provide the needs and can afford to care for
them well. May iba naman na mas gusto na
So ang normal body temperature is ranging kokonti yung anak or kaya naman isa lang
from 36.9℃ to 37.2℃ or 97.6℉ to 99.6 ℉. talaga for a reason. There are several
But typically for most people ay 37.5℃ or methods to prevent women from
98.6℉ body temperature. And there are becoming pregnant for as long as they
several factors na nagcacause ng changes wish. These are called methods of birth
sa ating body temperature. It includes the control.
time of the day, the environment, the stress
we are feeling and the substance we are Husbands and wives should decide
taking. together and share responsibility for the
method/s that they may adopt. Difference
ineffectiveness, safety, convenience,
There are four (4) ways to take body availability and cost should be
temperature: considered in choosing and using a birth
control method.
1. Orally (in the mouth)
So dapat magkasundo ang mag asawa
2. Rectally (in the anus) kung anong gagamitin nilang method of
birth control and of course they should both
take responsibility if ever man mag fail yung
3. Axillary (under the armpit)
method na ginagamit nila.
4. Using an electronic oral or ear Let’s have the birth control methods.
thermometer or temperature strip
Firstly, pill method
In taking body temperature, mahalaga na
alam natin kung paano gamitin yung 1. The “pill method” is one of the most
thermometer with regard kung anong way effective methods for avoiding
or kung saang way mo sya gagamitin. pregnancy. This should be given by
health workers, midwifes, or other
For orally taking temperature, ito yung trained medical professionals. The pills
instructions, you need to first clean… usually come in packets of 21 to 28
tablets. They are less expensive
And make sure…since sa bibig nga depending on the brand.
imemeasure yung temperature, drinking
cold or hot liquid will affect the result. Ito yung pagtake ng oral contraceptives or
yung pills to prevent pregrancy.
Pinapakapal nitong yung cervical mucus na
These are recommended for adults and
nagcacause para mahirapan yung sperm na
children ages six years and older.
makapunta sa uterus. Sa method na to
dapat monitor yung pagtake ng pills,  since
it will take about two days for the cervical
mucus to thicken back up after a missed pill.
Whereas… Kung ma missed man eh, you should have
back up contraception.
These are the directions for use…

2. The condom is a narrow rubber or

latex bag that the man wears on his
penis while having sex. Usually, it works This is the type of birth control that
in preventing pregnancy. It also helps involves tracking your menstrual cycle. Ito
prevent the spread of venereal diseases, ay para malaman kung anong mga araw
but it is not a complete safeguard. fertile ang isang babae so para maiwasan
ang mag sexual intercourse during those
Yung condom ay ginagamit during sexual days. It is like calendar method pala. Pero
intercourse to prevent the sperm from effective or applicable lang to sa mga
getting into the vagina. I bet naman we babaeng regular ang menstuation since
already know this one so move on tayo sa mahirap itrack kung hindi regular yung
third method which is the diaphragm. period.

3. The diaphragm is a shallow cup made 7. The mucus method is a variation of the
of soft rubber that a woman wears in her rhythm method that is espoused by
vagina while having sexual intercourse. some religious groups. It works fairly
It should be left inside her for at least six well for some people. It is not considered
hours afterwards. It should be used to be very effective but is cost nothing to
together with a contraceptive cream or practice it every day. During her period,
jelly. Check the diaphragm regularly for the woman should take a little mucus
holes and get new one each year. This is from her vagina with a clean finger.
not expensive method. Then, she has to examine the mucus by
making it stretch between her thumb and
forefinger.
Kung sa lalaki ay condom, sa babae ay
diaphragm ang ginagamit. It prevents the
sperm nga from entering the uterus. At kung Cervical mucus is the fluid discharged from
ang condom ay one-time use lang, the the lower part of the uterus. This fluid plays a
diaphragm on the other hand is reusable significant role in successful egg formation.
and good up to maximum of 10 years. Para malaman kung kailan fertile ang babae,
take a little mucus and examine. If it is clear,
slippery and stretchy then you’re likely to get
4. The contraceptive foam comes in a
pregnant.
tube or can. The woman puts inside her
vagina with a special applicator.
8. Withdrawal or pulling out is a method
in which the man pulls his penis out of
Ito naman yung iniinsert sa loob ng vagina
the woman before the sperm comes out.
before sexual intercourse. They are used to
This is disturbing to the couple and does
kill sperm and prevent sperm from reaching
not always work, because some sperm
the egg. 
cells escape or often leak out ahead of
time, which can cause pregnancy.
5. The intrauterine device (IUD) is a
plastic (or metal) object that a specially-
So it is another way to prevent pregnancy
trained health worker or midwife places
by keeping semen away from the
inside the womb.
vagina. Pulling out method is convenient
and safe however, it doesn’t guarantee a
This pertains to a T-shaped device made hundred percent kasi malaki din yung
with plastic na pineplace ng trained health possibility without knowing eh may sperm
worker or midwife sa uterus. And that is to cells pa ding nag escape on which can
prevent implantation of a fertilized egg in the cause pregnancy.
uterus.

6. The rhythm method is not very sure to

prevent pregnancy, but it does not cost
anything. This method is effective to
women with regular menstrual cycle or
regular period which comes more or less
once every 28 days. Usually, women
have a chance of becoming pregnant
only during eight days of her monthly
cycle – her fertile days.