MODULE 4:

THE NETIQUETTE AND

THE COMPUTER ETHICS
 What is Netiquette?

Simple stated, it’s network etiquette – that is the

etiquette of cyberspace and “etiquette” means the
forms of required by good breeding or prescribed by
authority to be required in social or official life. In
other words, netiquette is a set of rules for behaving
properly online.
REMEMBER THE GOLDEN RULE

Make a good impression - treat others with the

same respect that you would like to receive
and avoid confrontational or offensive
language.
 AVOID SLANG, ACRONYMS, AND TEXT TALK - use “your” instead of
“ur”.
 AVOID “SCREAMING” IN TYPED MESSAGES - (Example:
**Important**).
 PROOFREAD YOUR MESSAGES BEFORE SENDING THEM
• Spelling and grammar errors
• Confusing terms or phrases that could be misunderstood
• Errors of omission, such as missing content or recipients
• Errors in accuracy of information

 XERCISE GOOD JUDGMENT WHEN SHARING INFORMATION WITH

OTHERS ONLINE –
To protect your privacy and safety, do not share online
any sensitive personal information such as:

- Your home address or phone number

- Personal conversations
- Social plans, such as vacations
- Financial information
- Usernames, passwords, or hints
- Anything personal that you would not want
shared by others over the Internet
RESPECT DIVERSITY IN VIEWPOINTS - Be
constructive and respectful when sharing opinions,
beliefs, and criticisms, or responding to those of
others in the conversation.
Ten
Commandments
of Computer
Ethics
Rule 1: Remember the Human When
communicating electronically, whether
through email, instant message,
discussion post, text, or some other
method, practice the Golden Rule: Do
unto others as you would have others
do unto you.

Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards

of behavior online that you follow in
real life While it can be argued that
standards of behavior may be
different in the virtual world, they
certainly should not be lower.
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
"Netiquette varies from domain to domain." (Shea,
1994) Depending on where you are in the virtual
world, the same written communication can be
acceptable in one area, where it might be considered
inappropriate in another.
Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth
Electronic communication takes time: time to read
and time in which to respond. Most people today
lead busy lives, just like you do, and don't have time
to read or respond to frivolous emails or discussion
posts.
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online
writing.colostate.edu One of the best
things about the virtual world is the
lack of judgment associated with your
physical appearance, sound of your
voice, or the clothes you wear (unless
you post a video of yourself singing
Karaoke in a clown outfit.)
Rule 6: Share expert knowledge The
Internet offers its users many benefits;
one is the ease in which information
can be shared or accessed and in fact,
this "information sharing" capability is
one of the reasons the Internet was
founded.
Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control. What is
meant by "flaming" and "flame wars?" "Flaming is
what people do when they express a strongly held
opinion without holding back any emotion." (Shea,
1994).
Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy Depending on
what you are reading in the virtual world, be it an
online class discussion forum, Facebook page, or an
email, you may be exposed to some private or
personal information that needs to be handled with
care.
Rule 9: Don't abuse your power Just like in
face-to-face situations, there are people in
cyberspace who have more "power" than
others.
Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's
mistakes. Not everyone has the same amount
of experience working in the virtual world. And
not everyone knows the rules of netiquette.
Cybercrimes
 What is Cyber?
It is the Characteristics of the culture of
computers, information, technology and virtual
reality.
Cybercrime is defined as a crime in which a
computer is the object of the crime (hacking,
phishing, spamming and child pornography) is used
as a tool to commit an offense.

Cybercriminals may use computer technology to

access personal information, business trade secrets
or use the internet for exploitative or malicious
purposes.
Republic Act No.
10175 Cybercrime
Prevention Act of
2012
 is a law in the Philippines approved on
September 12,2012 which aims to
address legal issues concerning online
interactions and internet.
 Cybersquatting
 Cybersex
 Child pornography
 Identify thief
 Illegal access of data
 Libel
Republic Act No. 10173 Data
Privacy Act of 2012
 is an act protecting individual personal
information.
 Data Privacy? - The right of an individual
not to have private information about
himself disclosed, and to live freely from
surveillance and intrusion.
 What is your right under Data Privacy Act
of 2012?
 Right to be informed
 Right to Access
 Right to object
 COMMON FORMS OF CYBERCRIMES:
Copyright
The exclusive legal right, given to an
originator or an assignee to print, publish,
perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or
musical material, and to authorize others
to do the same.

Copyright infringement is the violation,

piracy or theft of a copyright holder's
exclusive rights through the
unauthorized use of a copyrighted
material or work.
COMMON FORMS OF CYBERCRIMES:

Plagiarism
An act or instance of using or closely imitating the
language and thoughts of another author without
authorization.
 COMMON FORMS OF CYBERCRIMES:

Computer Addiction
• Offline: generally used when speaking about excessive
gaming behavior, which can be practiced both offline and
online.

• Online: Also known as “Internet Addiction”, gets more

attention in general from scientific research than offline
computer addiction, mainly because most cases of
computer addiction are related to the excessive use of the
Internet.

 *Virtual Self -The persona you create about yourself

virtually.
 CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES

Hacking
• Unauthorized access of or interference with computer
systems, servers, or other information and communication
systems
• Unauthorized access to corrupt, alter, steal, or destroy
electronic data using computers or other information and
communication systems without the computer or system
owner’s knowledge and consent
• The introduction of computer viruses resulting in the
corruption, alteration, theft, or loss of such data
 CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES

Hacking
• Illegal Interception
• Data Interference
• System Interference
• Misuse of Devices
• Infection of IT Systems with Malware – if the act is
committed against critical infrastructure of the Philippines
the, penalty is between 12-20 years reclusion temporal
• Six years up to twelve years of imprisonment also known
as prison mayor.
 CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES

Computer-related forgery, fraud and/or

identity theft
• An attempt to obtain sensitive information such as
usernames, passwords, and credit card details and
(indirectly money), often for malicious reasons.
• Phishing
• Pharming
• Spam
• Maximum of Php 200,000 fine or prison mayor
 CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES

a. Electronic theft
• Illegal Downloading
• Obtaining files that you do not have the right to use
from the internet.
• Digital Piracy
• Practice of illegally copying and selling digital music,
video, computer software, etc.
• Copyright Infringement
• Penalty of Php 50,000 – 500, 000 and or prison mayor
 CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES
a. Cyberbullying
• The use of electronic
communication to bully a
person, typically by sending a
message of an intimidating or
threatening nature.
• The Anti-Bullying Act of 2013
(RA 10627)
 CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES

a. Cybersex
• Willful engagement, maintenance, control, or operation,
directly or indirectly of any lascivious exhibition of sexual
organs or sexual activity with the aid of a computer
system for favor or consideration.
• There is a discussion on this matter if it involves
“couples” or “people in relationship” who engage in
cybersex.
• Penalty at least Php 200,000 and or prison mayor
 CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES

a. Child Pornography

• Is a form of child sexual exploitation.

• Unlawful or prohibited acts defined and punishable by
Republic Act No. 9775 or the Anti- Child Pornography Act of
2009, committed through a computer system.
• Penalty of 12-20 years of imprisonment or reclusion
temporal
 CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES
a. Cyber Defamation

• Is an unprivileged false statement of fact which

tends to harm the reputation of a person or
company.
• Penalty of 6-12 years of imprisonment or prison
mayor.
Internet Threats
 Hacking
 Hacking is a term used to describe actions taken by
someone to gain unauthorized access to a computer. The
availability of information online on the tools, techniques,
and malware makes it easier for even non-technical
people to undertake malicious activities.
 The process by which cyber criminals gain access to your
computer.
What it can do:

• Find weaknesses (or pre-existing bugs) in your

security settings and exploit them in order to access
your information.
• Install a Trojan horse, providing a back door for
hackers to enter and search for your information.
 Malware
 Malware is one of the more common ways to infiltrate or damage your
computer. Malicious software that infects your computer, such as
computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware, and adware.

 What it can do:

• Intimidate you with scareware, which is usually a pop-up message that
tells you your computer has a security problem or other false information.
• Reformat the hard drive of your computer causing you to lose all your
information.
• Alter or delete files.
• Steal sensitive information.
• Send emails on your behalf.
• Take control of your computer and all the software running on it.
 Pharming
Pharming is a common type of online fraud.
A means to point you to a malicious and illegitimate
website by redirecting the legitimate URL. Even if
the URL is entered correctly, it can still be redirected
to a fake website.
What it can do:
Convince you that the site is real and legitimate by
spoofing or looking almost identical to the actual site down
to the smallest details.
 Phishing
Phishing is used most often by cyber criminals because
it's easy to execute and can produce the results they're
looking for with very little effort.
Fake emails, text messages and websites created to
look like they're from authentic companies. They're
sent by criminals to steal personal and financial
information from you. This is also known as
“spoofing”.
What it does:
•Trick you into giving them information by asking you to
update, validate or confirm your account. It is often
presented in a manner than seems official and
intimidating, to encourage you to take action.
 Ransomware
Ransomware is a type of malware that restricts access to your
computer or your files and displays a message that demands
payment in order for the restriction to be removed.
What it can do:
•There are two common types of ransomware:
•Lockscreen ransomware: displays an image that prevents you
from accessing your computer
•Encryption ransomware: encrypts files on your system's hard
drive and sometimes on shared network drives, USB drives,
external hard drives, and even some cloud storage drives,
preventing you from opening them
 Ransomware
What you can do:
Do not pay the ransom. These threats are meant to
scare and intimidate you, and they do not come from
a law enforcement agency. Even if you submit
payment, there is no guarantee that you will regain
access to your system.
In order to lessen the impact of a ransomware infection,
be sure to regularly back-up your data with a removable
external storage drive.
 Spam
Spam is one of the more common methods of
both sending information out and collecting it
from unsuspecting people.
What it can do:
• Annoy you with unwanted junk mail.
• Create a burden for communications service providers and
businesses to filter electronic messages.
• Phish for your information by tricking you into following links or
entering details with too-good- to-be-true offers and promotions.
• Provide a vehicle for malware, scams, fraud and threats to your
privacy.
Spyware (Spyware & Adware)

Spyware and adware are often used

by third parties to infiltrate your
computer.
What it is:
Software that collects personal
information about you without you
knowing.
 Spyware (Spyware & Adware)
What it can do:
•Collect information about you without you knowing about it and
give it to third parties.
•Send your usernames, passwords, surfing habits, list of
applications you've downloaded, settings, and even the version
of your operating system to third parties.
•Change the way your computer runs without your knowledge.
•Take you to unwanted sites or inundate you with uncontrollable
pop-up ads.
 Trojan Horses
A Trojan horse may not be
a term you're familiar with,
but there's a good chance
you or someone you know
has been affected by one.
A malicious program that is
disguised as, or embedded
within, legitimate software.
Trojan Horses

 What it can do:

• Delete your files.
• Use your computer to hack other computers.
• Watch you through your web cam.
• Log your keystrokes (such as a credit card
number you entered in an online purchase).
• Record usernames, passwords and other
personal information.
Viruses
Most people have heard of
computer viruses, but not many
know exactly what they are or
what they do.
Malicious computer programs
that are often sent as an email
attachment or a download with
the intent of infecting your
computer, as well as the
computers of everyone in your
contact list.
 Viruses
 What they can do:
• Send spam.
• Provide criminals with access to your computer and contact lists.
• Scan and find personal information like passwords on your
computer.
• Hijack your web browser.
• Disable your security settings.
• Display unwanted ads.
• When a program is running, the virus attached to it could infiltrate
your hard drive and also spread to USB keys and external hard
drives. Any attachment you create using this program and send to
someone else could also infect them with the virus.
 How will you know if your computer is infected?
 Here are a few things to check for:
• It takes longer than usual for your computer to start up, it restarts
on its own or doesn't start up at all.
• It takes a long time to launch a program.
• Files and data have disappeared.
• Your system and programs crash constantly.
• The homepage you set on your web browser is different (note that
this could be caused by Adware that has been installed on your
computer).
• Web pages are slow to load.
• Your computer screen looks distorted.
• Programs are running without your control.
• If you suspect a problem, make sure your security software is up
to date and run it to check for infection. If nothing is found, or if
you are unsure of what to do, seek technical help.
 Wi-Fi Eavesdropping

WiFi eavesdropping is
another method used by
cyber criminals to capture
personal information.
Virtual “listening in” on
information that's shared
over an unsecure (not encrypted) WiFi network.
What it can do:
•Potentially access your computer with the right equipment.
•Steal your personal information including logins and
passwords
 Worms
 Worms are a common threat to
computers and the Internet as a
whole.
 A worm, unlike a virus, goes to work
on its own without attaching itself to
files or programs.
 What they can do:
• Spread to everyone in your contact
list.
• Cause a tremendous amount of
damage by shutting down parts of the
Internet, wreaking havoc on an
internal network and costing
companies’ enormous amounts of lost
revenue.