A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN

21st CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPPINES

AND THE WORLD
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
(November 21, 2022)

Submitted by:

ERICA RUCHA
Student Teacher

Submitted to:

JENNELYN T. TADLE
Cooperating Teacher
A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN 21 st CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE
WORLD: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and contexts of
21ST century Philippine literature from the regions.
B. Performance The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding and appreciation of 21st
Standards Century Philippine literature from the regions through.
C. Learning At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:
Competencies/ a. analyze the figures of speech and other literary techniques and devices in
Objectives a text
b. identify and determine different figurative language
c. create and apply figurative language in a sentence.
d. evaluate the personal significance of figurative language
Learning Targets Students can:
a. analyze the figures of speech and other literary techniques and devices in
a text
b. identify and determine different figurative language
c. create and apply figurative language in a sentence.
d. evaluate the personal significance of figurative language
E. LC Code EN12Lit-Ie-27
I. CONTENT Figurative Language
II. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide Quipper Teacher’s Guide: 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the
World Unit 2: Various Literary Devices
2. Learner’s Material Quipper Study Guide: 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Unit 2: Various Literary Devices
3. Textbook Pages
4. Additional Materials Powerpoint Presentation
for Learning Resource Printed materials
(LR)
B. Other Learning
Resources
III. PROCEDURES Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
A. Reviewing the
previous lesson
(5 minutes)
A.1 Preliminaries
● Greetings Good morning class. Good morning, Ma’am.

● Prayer I would like to request Let us all put ourselves in the

__________________to please lead us the presence of God…
prayer.
● Attendance
Checking Class monitor, who is absent today? None Ma’am

That’s good to hear.

● Reading of the Before we begin our discussion, I would like to

House Rules present to you the house rules. Everybody read.

● Can I expect that from you class? Yes Ma’am!

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 ● Reviewing of the “Before we start, who can give me a short Ma’am, we discussed about
previous lesson recap of the lesson last meeting? sound devices and its common
sound devices.
Very good. Thankyou.

Now, can you tell me what are sound devices? Sound devices are anything
writers use that improve or
emphasize the sound in a piece
of writing.
Indeed. Thank you for answering.
We also discussed some common devices, right? Assonance and consonance
Can you give me at least two common sound Ma’am.
devices and their examples?
Example of consonance
is Paddy's potatoes were
prepared to perfection while
assonance example is clap your
hands, and stamp your feet.

Excellent job class!

B. Establishing
Purpose of the
Lesson
a. I can identify the
● Reading of the At the end of the discussion, you students can figures of speech and
Learning Targets achieve your learning targets; other literary
Everybody read. techniques in a text.
b. I can explain the use
of language in
literature as well as
the formal features
and conventions of
literature.
c. I can create and apply
figurative language in
a sentence.
d. I can evaluate the
personal significance
of figurative language.

C. ACTIVITY ACTIVITY 1:
/MOTIVATION
Presenting This time we will have an activity before we
examples/ instances proceed to our lesson. We called this one “Match
of the new lesson me”. All you have to do is match each word to its Yes Ma’am.
definition. Do you understand?
WORD DEFINITION
Simile comparing by
WORD DEFINITION saying that
comparing by saying that one one
thing is like another thing is like
comparing by saying that one another
thing is another thing Metaphor comparing by
associated substitution saying that
exaggeration one
Contradicting combination thing is
another thing
Simile metaphor Metonymy Metonymy associated
substitution
Hyperbole exaggeration
Hyperbole oxymoron Oxymoron Contradicting
combination

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 Very good class. Thank you. I really appreciate
your participation.
D. Discussing new Based on our activity, I bet you already have an Figure of speech Ma’am.
concepts and idea on what we are going to tackle today. What
practicing new skills do you think is it?
#1 (10 mins)
Very Good!

You have likely learned about different types of Yes ma’am!

figurative language throughout your school life,
right?

Figurative language is a common device used by

writers, whether they write poetry or prose. Today
we will be discussing the different types of
figurative language, some of which may be new
to you.

Literary authors use figurative language or

figures of speech to deliver a more effective,
persuasive, and impactful message. This enriches
a literary text to further elevate the themes and
concepts presented in it. We have already been
introduced to the common figures of speech like
simile, metaphor, hyperbole, and personification
in the past. This helped us understand and
appreciate stories and novels that heavily used
this device.

The following are some other kinds of figurative

language that we also use in our daily
conversations and communication.

1. ANALOGY

An analogy is a comparison that presents the

similarities between two concepts or ideas.

Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pen

is the weapon of a writer.”

In the example, the sword and the pen were

compared because both of them are weapons or
instruments used by a warrior and a writer,
respectively. Both occupations will not function
without their respective instruments.

Moreover, an analogy is something that shows

how two things are alike, but with the ultimate
goal of making a point about this comparison.

The purpose of an analogy is not merely to show,

but also to explain. For this reason, an analogy is
more complex than a simile or a metaphor, which
aim only to show without explaining. (Similes and
metaphors can be used to make an analogy, but
usually analogies have additional information to
get their point across.)

Another examples:

“What you’re doing is as useful as rearranging

deck chairs on the Titanic.”

“Finding that lost dog will be like finding a

needle in a haystack.”

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CLASS PLEASE BE REMINDED:

While analogies, similes, and metaphors are

closely related because they are all used to
compare different things, here are some tips to
help you distinguish between these three figures
of speech:

• A simile is saying something is like

something else. For example, “Life is like
a box of chocolates.”
• A metaphor is often poetically saying
something is something else. For
example, “Life is a box of chocolates.”
• An analogy is saying something is like
something else to make some sort of
explanatory point. For example, “Life is
like a box of chocolates—you never know
what you’re gonna get.”
• You can use metaphors and similes when
creating an analogy.
• A simile is a type of metaphor. All similes
are metaphors, but not all metaphors are
similes.

2. CLICHE

A cliché is a word, a phrase, a sentence, or a

whole text that used to be perceived as clever but
has become démodé. One reason may be
through frequency of use and that it no longer
provides surprise to the reader nor vivid imagery.
This is something that must be avoided in writing.

raining cats and dogs

lovely as a rose
quick as lightning

The abovementioned statements are so overused

that they no longer give an artistic effect.

Other examples:

Because clichés are, by definition, common and

overused, they can be found frequently but you
may not notice them because we take them for
granted.

EX:

To describe falling in love:

She fell head over heels.

Another common characteristic of clichés is that

they tend to simplify and dramatize. Rather than
admitting that a story may not always have
happiness or explaining that serious love takes

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time to develop, these clichés make the writing
seem shallow and therefore un-interesting.

EX: Clichés are sometimes ideas, images,

or characters, rather than phrases. Here are a
few examples of cliché characters:

▪ “The Damsel in Distress“: a young

attractive woman who is incompetent
and in need of someone else to
rescue her.
▪ “The Superhero “: the man who saves
the Damsel in Distress, often
incredibly strong and good looking!
▪ “Brooding Bad Boy “: the boy from
‘the other side of the tracks,’ who
needs someone caring to lead him to
a better life.
▪ “The Good Girl“: the girl who saves
the Brooding Bad Boy with her
kindness and good heart.

3. CONNOTATION

Connotation is the secondary or suggestive

meaning of the word, one that is not its literal
or primary meaning in the dictionary. To better
understand connotation, it would be helpful to
become familiar with denotation as well.
Denotation is the literal meaning of the word,
one that is usually its primary meaning in the
dictionary.

green home
green products
green living

The word green in the examples does not only

refer to the color but has also become
synonymous to being environmentally sound.

house, home, residence, abode, dwelling

These words may all have the same

denotation, but each has its own association. For
instance, house refers to one’s place of residence
when talking formally, but home may refer to any
place.

Other examples:

• He’s such a dog.” – In this sense, the

word dog connotes shamelessness or
ugliness.
• “That woman is a dove at heart.” – Here,
the dove implies peace or gentility.

4. EUPHEMISM

Euphemism is used to substitute for a

description that is considered harsh or blunt. This
figurative language is most often used for delicate
matters such as sex, death or violence, and
embarrassing topics.

She is with our Creator now.

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This means that the subject has died. Other
euphemisms for death are “gone to heaven,”
“eternal peace,” “at rest,” and “left the earth.”

When a person uses euphemism, they are

replacing a word or phrase with another in order
to make the sentence sound less offensive. In day
to day figurative language, euphemism can be
used to intentionally alter a sentence to lessen the
harshness of its meaning without actually
removing the meaning.

For another example, if you were in a fancy

restaurant, you may not announce that you were
going to take a pee, instead you may use a
euphemism such as:
“I am going to use the bathroom. ”

This would imply the same thing but sound much

more pleasant.

5. HYPERBOLE

Hyperbole is a gross exaggeration to achieve an

effect, usually for humor or emphasis.

I was dying of boredom while I was waiting in

line.

The use of the term dying is an exaggeration since

boredom is not a possible cause of death.

Another examples:

Before proceeding to other kinds of figurative

language, let’s have another activity.

ACTIVITY 2: Identify what figurative

language is shown in the pictures.

HYPERBOLE EUPHEMISM

ANALOGY CONNOTATION
CLICHE

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 HYPERBOLE

1.

CONNOTATION

2.

EUPHEMISM

3.

TERMINATE PREGNANCY

CLICHE

4.

ANALOGY

5.

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 6. METAPHOR

Metaphor compares two seemingly unlike

objects that have similar or common
characteristics without the use of like or as.

The assignment was a breeze.

The assignment and breeze are unlike objects.

Using breeze to describe the assignment means
that it was easy since the word breeze is
associated with the words pleasant and easy.

OTHER EXAMPLES:

7. METONYMY

Metonymy is a word or phrase that is substituted

for another that is closely associated to it.

The Malacañang Palace released a statement

regarding the President’s health.

In the example above, the term Malacañang

Palace was used to substitute for the represent-
tative from the Office of the President of the
Philippines since Malacañang Palace is the proper
noun for the place where the Philippine president
resides and takes office.

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OTHER EXAMPLES:

8. OXYMORON

An oxymoron is a combination of two ideas that

appear to be opposite or contradictory.

complete break
dirty white
tuck out

Complete break is an oxymoron since a break is a

temporary event and the word complete is
associated with permanence. Dirty white is
contradicting because white is associated with
cleanliness and spotlessness. Tuck out is also
contradicting because tucking as a motion is
directed toward the inside of a certain place or
thing.

OTHER EXAMPLES:

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 9. PARADOX

A paradox is an assertion that seems to be

contradictory or silly but actually reveals some
truth.

"I must be cruel to be kind."

- Hamlet, William Shakespeare

Being cruel is the opposite of being kind; however,

this is a paradox many parents are familiar with.
Some actions such as giving their children a
curfew or restricting some of their spending may
be seen as cruel, but it is actually beneficial or kind
for the children in the long run.

OTHER EXAMPLES :

10.PERSONIFICATION

Personification is a statement or statements

wherein an animal, object, or abstract idea is
given human attributes or characteristics.

The flowers bathe in sunlight, and the grass

reached out to the sky.

The verbs bathe and reach are actions that are

performed normally by humans, not by flowers
and grass. However, personification was used to
present a vivid imagery of how the flowers are
under the sun and how tall the grass is.

OTHER EXAMPLES :

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 11.SIMILE

Simile compares two seemingly unlike objects

by using the words like or as.

Our soldiers are as brave as lions.

The adjective brave was used to compare lions

and soldiers. The use of the word as makes the
statement a simile.

OTHER EXAMPLES:

12.SYNECHDOCHE

Synecdoche is used when a part or portion of

something is used to represent the whole or vice
versa.

I brought my wheels.
How many heads are coming to the party?

In the first example, wheels are used to stand for

the term car. In the second example, heads stand
for people.

OTHER EXAMPLES:

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ACTIVITY 3: Let’s identify what figurative
language is used in the given pictures.

Metaphor Metonymy oxymoron

Paradox Personification
Simile Synecdoche

Synechdoche

1.

Personification

2.

Metaphor

3.

Paradox

4.

Simile

5.

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 6.

Oxymoron

7. Metonomy

Great Job class!

E. Discussing new Now let's move to develop more your
concepts and understanding on figurative language.
practicing new skills
#2 ACTIVITY 4
Let’s work on the following exercises.

I will group you into 4 groups. Each group will

receive a folded paper or worksheet with cards.
Every card is an example of the 12 figurative
language that we have discussed. Your task as a
group is to put the correct example into the term
it expresses in the figurative language worksheet.

We will then check your answers and the group

who got the highest numbers of correct answers
will be the winner.

Do you understand class? Yes Ma’am!

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F. Developing Now let us test your understanding about
Mastery figurative language. I have prepared an exercise
(Leads to Formative for you to work on. Read and answer the
Assessment 3) questions that follow. Write your answers in ½
(10 mins) crosswise. You will be given 10 minutes to answer.

Test A. Identify what is the figurative language

depicted in the poems. (2pts each)

1. Simile

Metaphor

2.

Hyperbole

3.

Oxymoron

4.

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 5.

Paradox

TEST B : Enumerate the 12 kinds of figurative

language. In any order (2pts each) 1. Analogy
2. Cliché
3. Connotation
4. Euphemism
5. Hyperbole
6. Metaphor
7. Metonymy
8. oxymoron
9. paradox
10. Personification
11. Simile
12. Synecdoche

G. Practical ACTIVITY 5
application of the WRITING TASK CARDS
lesson to daily life. Okay, so this time you can do this activity
individually. On the board I have pasted four
tasks. Choose only one task for you to write
something using the figurative language. For
example, you might be asked to write a paragraph
about being stuck in the desert using hyperbole,
or you could be asked to write about being on a
rollercoaster using similes. I will give you five
minutes to finish this task.

Am I making myself clear?

Yes Ma’am!

THE TASK

Alright class, from doing that activity how can a

figurative language affect the meaning of a text?

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 Okay Grace, can you share your idea to the class? Ma’am figurative language are
used to make a literary work
more interesting.
Thank you for that Grace.
To add on that, literary authors use figurative
language or figures of speech to deliver a more
effective, persuasive, and impactful message.
This enriches a literary text to further elevate the
themes and concepts presented in it.

H.Making Alright class, what have you learned today? (Multiple students raised
Generalizations their right hand)
(5 mins)
Ma’am I have learned today
about figurative language
and other kinds of figurative
language.
Okay thank you!

So, what is figurative language? Figurative language is a

common device used by
writers, whether they write
poetry or prose to deliver a
more effective, persuasive, and
impactful message.

Very good! And what are those 12 kinds of 13. Analogy

figurative language that we tackled today? 14. Cliché
15. Connotation
16. Euphemism
17. Hyperbole
18. Metaphor
19. Metonymy
20. oxymoron
21. paradox
22. Personification
23. Simile
24. Synecdoche
Great class!

Give yourselves a power clap.

I. Evaluative Answer the following task:

Learning
TEST A:

Fill in the table with the correct letter of

the term being defined in each item.Choose
your answer from the given choices.

Answer Definition Answer

1. This is a word or phrase that is 1. c
substituted for another that
is closely associated to it.
2. This is the secondary or 2. d
suggestive meaning of the word.
3. This is an assertion that seems 3. a
to be contradictory or silly but
actually reveals some truth.
4. This compares two seemingly 4. b
unlike objects by using the
word like or as.
5. This is a comparison that 5. e
presents the similarities between
two concepts or ideas.

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 a. Paradox
b. Simile
c. Metonomy
d. Connotation
e. metaphor

TEST B: Write a sentence for each of the

following figurative language (2 pts each)
Answers may vary.

1. hyperbole
2. personification
3. euphimism
4. cliché
5. simile
J. Assignment

For your assignment kindly refer to the image

on the screen.

This will be submitted on our next meeting.

Okay class, that would be all for today’s

discussion. See you again next meeting.

Goodbye Class!
IV. REMARKS
V. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners
who earned 80
% on the
formative
assessment
B. No. of learners
who requires
additional
activities for
remediation
C. Did the remedial
lessons work?
No. of learners
who have caught
up with the
lesson.
D. No. of learners
who continue to
require
remediation
E. Which of my
teaching
strategies
worked well?

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 Why did these
works?
F. What difficulties
did I encounter
which my
cooperating
teacher can help
me solve?
G. What innovation
or localized
materials did I
use/discover
which I wish to
share with other
practice
teachers?

Prepared by:

ERICA RUCHA
Student teacher

Checked and observed by:

JENNELYN T. TADLE
Cooperating Teacher

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