I

PLACEMENT CELL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
A Project Work submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
To the
Periyar University, Salem - 11

By

MANI.V

(Reg.No:C21PG169CSC004)

DEPARTNMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SIVAGAMIAMMAL

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE
(Affiliated to Periyar University, Salem)

KRISHNAGIRI – 635 001.

NOV/DEC – 2022
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SIVAGAMIAMMAL COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

(Affiliated To Periyar University, Salem)
KRISHNAGIRI – 635 001.

CERTIFICATE
This is certify that the work entitled is the approvedrecord

of work done by
PLACEMENT MANAGEMENT CELL SYSTEM
MANI.V

(Reg. No: C21PG169CSC004)

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award degree of master of computer science from
SIVAGAMIAMMAL COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, KRISHNAGIRI, affiliated to
Periyar University, Salem-11 is a bonafide thesis done during the year 2021-2023.

INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Submitted for the viva-voce Examination Held on _______________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “PLACEMENT CELL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM” is the bonafide work of Mr. MANI V (Register No. C21PG169CSC004), who
carried out the project under my supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge
the work reported here in does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis
of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

Supervisor Head of the Department

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ABSTRACT

The project is aimed at developing an application for the WEB BASED PLACEMENT
CELL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM of the college. The system is an application that can be
accessed and effectively used throughout the organization with proper login enabled. System can
be used as an Application for the Placement Officers in the college to manage the student
information with regard to placement. Student logging should be able to upload personal and
educational information in the form of a placement. The key feature of project is that it is one time
registration enabled. Project provides the facility of maintaining the details of the students. It
reduces the manual work and consumes less paper work to reduce the time. Project is developed
with PHP for frontend and MY SQL for backend.

The system used for college to manage the student information with regards to placement
details. The project contains all the details of the student viewed by all the users, but can be
modified only by the student with an authorized service. The student can update their own
information only.

College Web based placement cell management system by maintaining the student details
related to placement in an efficient manner. Operational feasibility study tests the operational
scope of the software to be developed. The proposed software must high operational feasibility.
The usability will be high. Project has a big scope to do. Students can access previous information
about placement. Stores information of all students. Various companies can access information.
This project “Web based placement cell management system” is applicable for the companies and
colleges.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With great gratitude, I would like to acknowledge the help of those who contributed with their
valuable suggestions and timely assistance to complete this project work.

I express my deep sense of gratitude to Chairman, Mr. N.KUMARAN., B.Sc., M.Com., MA.,
M.Ed., M.Phil., T.C.H., our respected Secretary, for permitting me to undertake this work.

I thank our Principal Dr.K.SRINIVASAN., M.Com., M.Phil., Ph.D., our beloved Principal
Sivagamiammal College of Arts and Science for his support and constant source of inspiration
through the course of project.

I own my deepest gratitude to Mr. M.CHINNATHAMBI., M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., Head of

the Department of Computer Science, Sivagamiammal College of Arts and Science for her valuable
guidance at all the stages of my project.

I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to my project Guide Mr.

M.CHINNATHAMBI., M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., Department of Computer Science, Sivagamiammal
College of Arts and Science for her advice, support and inspiring guidance throughout my major
project development.

Last but not the least, I am greatly indebted to my parents and friends for their kind co-
operation in each and every step, I took in this Herculean task.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO

ABSTRACT IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V
TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
LIST OF FIGURES IX
LIST OF TABLES X

1 INTRODUCTION. 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Objective 2
1.3 Scope of the Project 2
1.4 Project Modules 3
1.5Module Description 3

2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 11
2.1 Existing System 11
2.1.1 Disadvantages of Existing system 11
2.2 Proposed System 12
2.2.1 Advantages of Proposed System 12
2.3 Feasibility Study 12
2.3.1 Economic Feasibility 13
2.3.2 Operational Feasibility 13
2.3.3TechnicalFeasibility 13

3 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 14
3.1 Software Specification 14
3.2 Software Description 14
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3.2.1 Overview of PHP 14

3.2.2 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 16
3.2.3 JavaScript 17
3.2.4 MySQL 18

4 SYSTEM DESIGN 20
4.1 Introduction 20
4.2 Logical Design 20
4.3 Physical Design 20
4.4 Input Design 21
4.5 Output Design 22
4.6 Database Design 24
4.7 Data flow Diagram 30

5 SYSTEM TESTING 33
5.1 Introduction 33
5.2 Unit Testing 33
5.3 Integrating Testing 34
5.4 System Testing 35
5.5 Validation Testing 35
5.6 Output Testing 37

6 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 38
6.1 Introduction 38

7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 39

7.1 Conclusion 39
7.2 Future Enhancement 39

APPENDICES 40
A1. Source Code 40
A2. Screen Layouts 46
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A3. References 57
A.3.1 Reference Books 57
A.3.2 Reference Websites 58
 IX

LIST OF FIGURES

FIG NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

4.4 Input Design 22

4.5 Output Design 24

4.7.1 Level 0 DFD for Admin 30

4.7.2 Level 1 DFD for user 31

4.7.3 Level 2 DFD for user 32

5.2.1 Unit Testing

34

5.3.1 Integration Testing 35

5.5.1 Validation Testing 36

5.6.1 Output Testing 37

 X

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TABLE NAME PAGE NO

4.6.1 Admin Login 25

4.6.2 Add Announcement 25

4.6.3 Update Student details 26

4.6.4 Student Login 27

4.6.5 Company Login 28

4.6.6 Company Post Vacancy List 29

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

. The purpose of the project WEB BASED PLACEMENT CELL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM the manual work makes the process slow and other problems such as inconsistency and
ambiguity on operations. In order to avoid this web based placement cell managed system is
proposed, where the student information in the college with regard to placement is managed
efficiently. It intends to help fast in fast access procedures in placement related activities and
ensures to maintain the details of the student. Students logging should be able to upload personal
and educational information.

The key feature of project is one time registration enabled. The placement cell calls the
companies to select students for jobs the campus interview. The placement cell allows the
companies to view the student details in selective manner. Filter the students profile as per
requirement. The job details of the placed students will be provided by the administrator. The
administrator plays an important role in project. Our project provides the facility of maintaining
the details of the students and gets the requested list of candidates for the company who would like
to recruit the students based on given query.

Placement is done at various colleges is by human intervention due to which is a maximum

chance of errors. The major problem is searching and updating of the student data. Placement
officers to manage the student’s profile and documents. Placement Officer to collect the
information of various companies who comes for recruitment. Arrange profiles of students
according to various streams and notify each time according to company requirements. Placement
officers submit the information of students and if any changes or updates are required in the profile
of any student, it has to be done manually.
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1.2 OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the placement management system is to reduce manual work and
time. It is difficult and time-consuming to collect all the details from each student. To avoid this
problem to develop a web-based placement cell management system.

 Easy to find out the list of eligible students attending the drives.
 It manages the details of student records, placement training, different placements
happening in and out of the college.
 Saves the time of placement officer and faculties.
 Reduces the manual works.
 This system makes student information more secure.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Students access previous information about placement. Stores information of all students.
Various companies access information. Notifications are sent to students about the companies. The
project has a wide scope. Project mainly helps in improving productivity and makes use of
utilization of resources. The system intends user friendly operations which may resolve ambiguity.
The project is a total management and informative system, which provides the up- to-date
information of all the students in the college. System also help the college to overcome the
difficulty in keeping records of hundreds of students and searching for a student eligible for
recruitment criteria from the whole thing. It helps in effective and timely utilization of resources.
The project facilitates user friendly, reliable and fast management system. The placement officer
itself can carry out operations in a smooth and effective manner. Need not concentrate on record
keeping. The college maintain computerized records reducing paper work, time and money.
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1.4 PROJECT MODULES

1.4.1 Menus

1. Admin

 Login
 View students
 Add Announcement
 View Vacancy
 Logout

2. Student

 Register
 Login
 View Profile
 Update Details
 View Announcement
 Logout

3. Company

 Register
 Login
 View Student Details
 Post Vacancy

1.5 MODULE DESCRIPTION

The system contains 4 modules as admin module, company module, student module. Each
module has the same login page. The login page has a login id and password field. By entering
values in field users should log in to the system.
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1.5.1 Admin

The admin is the placement officer who views the students details and company details and
post the selected students list. Sending email to student for complete list of information for
particular campus. Login, View company details, view selected students details, Sending mail.

Login: The user select their login information from the dropdown list.

New user: If the new user wants to register then the login details like name, password and
other information must be entered.

View Student Details

The admin search & view is the details of all students applied for the placement. In the
search box if fill the details and click on search the student details will appear. Admin search the
department and names of the student. Admin is also delete the student of the placement.

The list of students applied for the placement will be shown with the following details like:

 Name
 Email
 Department
 10th Percentage
 12th Percentage
 UG CGPA
 PG CGPA
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Add Announcement

Admin add the announcement of the company details in announcement with date and
description of the announcement page. Student view the announcement of the home page and
student login page. Announcement is successfully added will be get the message on the display.
Admin is also delete the announcement of the admin page. Admin is add the announcement for
the current date only, not add to the previous date.

View Vacancy List

Admin view the vacancy list of the company details. How many company’s is post the
vacancy of the placement, Admin is view or delete the vacancy list.

The list of company post vacancy for the placement will be shown with the following
details like:

 Company Name
 Job Description
 Salary
 Eligibility
 Bond
 Email
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1.5.2 Student

In this module, creation of student input records about academic career from SSLC, HSC
and all semester with facilities to modify the records and viewing changed records. The Student
views the company details and verifies particular company details and provides valid details for
registration.

Students can easily see which companies and/or vacancies have been added. Students can
access relevant resources placed online for them. These resources can be in a general area added
by administrators, to read important announcements.

Registration

The register module provides a conceptual framework for entering data on user. A
candidate registration asking for name, and other credential for further interaction is taken.
Register with the unique email id and password as well some initial information is taken such as
email id. At the end of registration the user is confirmed.

 Register form display.

 User validations being handled by validation
 Auto user id generator(generate auto user id in user id field by taking the email id
of the user if it is unique or suggest by combining it with some number.)

Login

Login is the module which checks for a valid candidate when the user enters his user email,
password and link to the registration page. The user Email is being validated with password.
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The authorized user can only log into system. The fields are
 Email- email of the user logging into system
 Password- password used for logging into system

First User has to register to the portal by giving name, email, password, repeat password.
As user email id rule the system so a person is known by his uniqueness user id. It is to provide
the candidate system. The user email id is being validated with password in different cases to
validate the genuine ness of the candidate.

The username in the website is same as the unique name that is given to the user to
overcome the authorization and the issued. Should always maintain the username unique and
should always use the unique key or contact number given by the user to authorize our account.

The password contains the Password characteristics that should be remembered by the each
and user to be represented on it. If the user forgets the password the no problem the user can use
the forgot password the change the password in the website.

Forgot Password

It is common that forgetting the password is a common issue and to overcome this issue
we have forgot password module. If the user can be forgetting the password then no need to worry
about that this problem can be easily solved by the option used in the project.

If the user can be forgetting the password then they must just make a click on the forgot
password link. After clicking the forgot password link the user can estimate the messages that will
get diverted to the forgot password page and they can enter the new password.

Using this forgot password the user can easily change the password so the they will be no
problem of contacting the admin or other user to resolve the problem. One can easily change the
password this forgot password option.
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1.5.3 Company

The company to communicate with Placement Officer, They register their profile and
company needs to signup. After approved by placement officer company can search the all the
students information. Company can mail to placement officer. Login Company, registration,
students details view.

Registration

The register module provides a conceptual framework for entering data on company. A
candidate registration asking for name, and other credential for further interaction is taken.
Register with the unique email id and password as well some initial information is taken such as
email id. At the end of registration the user is confirmed.

 Register form display.

 company validations being handled by validation
 Auto company id generator(generate auto company id in field by taking the email
id of the company if it is unique or suggest by combining it with some number.)

Login

Login is the module which checks for a valid candidate when the company enters his
company email, password and link to the registration page. The company Email is being validated
with password.

The authorized company can only log into system. The fields are
 Email- email of the company logging into system
 Password- password used for logging into system
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First User has to register to the portal by giving name, email, password, repeat password.
As user email id rule the system so a person is known by uniqueness of user id. It is to provide the
candidate system. The user email id is being validated with password in different cases to validate
the genuine ness of the candidate.

The username in the website is same as the unique name that is given to the user to
overcome the authorization and the issued. Should always maintain the username unique and
should always use the unique key or contact number given by the user to authorize our account.

The password contains the Password characteristics that should be remembered by the each
and user to be represented on it. If the user forgets the password the no problem the user can use
the forgot password the change the password in the website.

Forgot Password

It is common that forgetting the password is a common issue and to overcome this issue
we have forgot password module. If the company can be forgetting the password then no need to
worry about that this problem can be easily solved by the option used in the project.

If the company can be forgetting the password then they must just make a click on the
forgot password link. After clicking the forgot password link the company can estimate the
messages that will get diverted to the forgot password page and they can enter the new password.

Using this forgot password the company can easily change the password so the they will
be no problem of contacting the admin or other company to resolve the problem. One can easily
change the password this forgot password option.
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View Student Details

The company search & view is the details of all students applied for the placement. In the
search box if we fill the details and click on search the student details will appear.

The list of students applied for the placement will be shown with the following details like:

 Name
 Email
 Department
 10th Percentage
 12th percentage
 UG CGPA
 PG CGPA

Post Vacancy

Company post the vacancy list of the placement, company can view the vacancy list of the
particular company.

The company post vacancy for the placement will be shown with the following details like:

 Company Name
 Job Description
 Salary
 Eligibility
 Bond
 Email
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CHAPTER 2

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system describes the features of the previous working model and drawback.
Existing system does all process manually. Placement officers register the information of students.
If any modifications or updates are required in the profile of any student, it has to be done
manually. Tedious and time consuming, lack of security of data, took more man power, consumes
large volume of paper and space. Process is so difficult when number of user’s increases.

In colleges the records were stored in excel sheets hence sorting the data is always a
problem. The excel sheets are also less advanced. Hence sorting and searching problems arises.
Updating Records is another tedious task. Due to the above problems the updating was very
difficult and ambiguous. Data redundancy also occurs due to the duplication of files and records.
The placement officer has to find out the eligible students by looking at the excel sheet. He/she
has to see the marks of every student and their eligibility.

2.1.1 Disadvantages of Existing system

 It takes so much time for a placement officer to collect students’ details and
approving the details provided by them.
 Poor communication between student and placement officer, so here intimating
about new placements is a hard task.

 Students may not know about company details. Here also poor communication
provides a problem.
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2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The aim of the proposed system is to develop a system with improved facilities. The
proposed system overcome all the limitation of the existing system, such as student’s information
is maintained in the database, it gives more security to data, ensures data accuracy, reduces paper
work and save time, only eligible students get chance, it makes information flow efficient and
paves way for easy report generation, reduce the space. proposed system is cost effective.

2.2.1 Advantages of Proposed System

The system proposed has many advantages.

 The proposed system is highly secured, because for login the system it requires
the username and password which is different for each.
 It maintains records for all the Students.
 Manages placement announcements.
 The application can be put online easily and will be assessable throughout the
globe.

2.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

The purpose of the feasibility study is not to solve the problem, but to determine the
problem is worth solving. Helps to decide whether to proceed with the problem or not. It involves
the analysis of the problem & collection of all relevant information relating to the product such as
items that would be input to the system, processing required to carried data, the output data
required to be produced by the system as well the various constraints on the behavior of the system.
Web based placement cell management system had undergone the feasibility study so that the
proposed system is possible for development deployment in our college. The feasibility study
concentrates on the following, such as Operational Feasibility, Technical Feasibility, Economic
Feasibility
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2.3.1 Economic Feasibility

This is very important aspect to be considered while developing a project. Decide the
technology based on minimum possible cost factor.

 All hardware and software cost has to be borne by organization

 Over all have estimated that the benefits the organization is going to receive from
the proposed system will surely overcome the initial costs and the later on running
cost for system.

2.3.2 Operational Feasibility

Operation feasibility is a measure of how people feel about the system. Operational
feasibility criteria measure the urgency of the problem or the acceptability of a solution.
Operational feasibility is dependent upon determining human resources for the project. It refers to
projecting whether the system will operate and be used be used once it is installed. If the ultimate
users are comfortable with the present system and they see no problem with its continuance, then
resistance to its operation will be zero.

2.3.2 Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility is a study of function, performance and constraints that may affect the
ability to achieve an acceptable system. During technical analysis, the analyst evaluates the
technical merits of the system, at the same time collecting addition information about performance,
reliability, maintainability and productivity. Technical feasibility is frequently the most difficult
areas to assess. For this feasibility study, we studied complete functionality to be provided in the
system, as described in the System Requirement Specification (SRS), and checked if everything
was possible using different type of frontend and backend platforms.
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CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

A System Requirements Specification (SRS) (also known as a Software Requirements

Specification) is a document or set of documentation that describes the features and behavior of a
system or software application. It includes a variety of elements (see below) that attempts to define
the intended functionality required by the customer to satisfy their different users. In addition to
specifying how the system should behave, the specification also defines at a high level the main
business process that will be supported, what simplifying assumptions have been made and
what key performance parameters will need to be met by the system.

3.1 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

 Operating System : Windows

 Web-Technology : PHP
 Front-End : HTML5, CSS3, Bootstrap
 Back-End : MySQL 5.1.36
 Web Server : XAMPP SERVER 3.2.2

3.2 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

3.2.1 Overview of php

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that

was originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pages. It can be embedded
into HTML and generally runs on a web server, which needs to be configured to process PHP code
and create web page content from it. It can be deployed on most web servers.
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PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development.
PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP
runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command-line
scripting and client-side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many
operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management
systems. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for
users to build, customize and extend for their own use.

Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side
scripting, and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content
from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's Active Server Pages, Sun Microsystems' Java
Server Pages and mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworks that
provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid application development (RAD).
Some of these include Cake PHP, Symfony, Code Igniter, and Zend Framework, offering features
similar to other web application frameworks.

Objectives of php

Objective PHP aims at handling applicative workflows, then let the developer do their
work. No more, no less. For higher level components, like Forms generators or ORMs for instance,
we thought that it would be more efficient to let developers bring their usual tools in Objective
rather than forcing them to use our own alternatives. On top of that, we thought that working on a
new framework would also be an opportunity to consider performances in a different way. Most
frameworks rely on cache to offer decent performances. Well, cache can help. A bit. But once you
cached the poor performing components, what more can you do.

PHP is the most popular server-side language used to build dynamic websites, and though
it is a very extensive language, this class will take it step-by-step. The stateless web (HTML, CSS
and JavaScript) can only do so much without a dynamic language such as PHP to add the ability
to interact with the web server. You will learn how to make your pages dynamic based upon user
 16

interaction, interacting with HTML forms and store and retrieve information from local data
sources which include a database.

The only complete PHP implementation is the original, known simply as PHP. It is the
most widely used and is powered by the Zend Engine. To disambiguate it from other
implementations, it is sometimes unofficially called Zend PHP. The Zend Engine compiles PHP
source code on-the-fly into an internal format that it can execute, thus it works as an interpreter. It
is also the "reference implementation" of PHP, as PHP has no formal specification, and so the
semantics of Zend PHP define the semantics of PHP. Due to the complex and nuanced semantics
of PHP, defined by how Zend works, it is difficult for competing implementations to offer
complete compatibility.

The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under
the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on almost
every operating system and platform, free of charge.

3.2.2 Hypertext Markup Language (html)

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents
designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading
Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.

Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and
render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page
semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images
and other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML
provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as
 17

headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags,
written using angle brackets.

Tags such as <img /> and <input /> directly introduce content into the page. Other tags
such as <p> surround and provide information about document text and may include other tags as
sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the
page.

It can be used to specify additional metadata about a document, such as its author,
publication date, expiration date, language, page title, page description, keywords, or other
information not provided through the other header elements and HTML attributes. Because of their
generic nature, <meta /> elements specify associative key-value pairs. In general, a meta element
conveys hidden information about the document. Several meta tags can be used, all of which
should be nested in the head element. The specific purpose of each <meta /> element.

HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript, which
affects the behavior and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of
content. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and current
maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational
HTML since 1997.

3.2.3 JavaScript

JavaScript (often shortened to JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, object-oriented language

with first-class functions, and is best known as the scripting language for Web pages, but it's used
in many non-browser environments as well. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting
language that is dynamic, and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming
styles.
 18

JavaScript runs on the client side of the web, which can be used to design programs on how
the web pages behave on the occurrence of an event. JavaScript is an easy to learn and also
powerful scripting language, widely used for controlling web page behavior. JavaScript can
function as both a procedural and an object oriented language.

Objects are created programmatically in JavaScript, by attaching methods and properties

to otherwise empty objects at run time, as opposed to the syntactic class definitions common in
compiled languages like php and java script. Once an object has been constructed it can be used
as a blueprint (or prototype) for creating similar objects.

JavaScript supports much of the structured programming syntax from C (e.g., if statements,
while loops, switch statements, do while loops, etc.). One partial exception is scoping: JavaScript
originally had only function scoping with var. ECMAScript 2015 added keywords let and const
for block scoping, meaning JavaScript now has both function and block scoping. Like C,
JavaScript makes a distinction between expressions and statements. One syntactic difference from
C is automatic semicolon insertion, which allows the semicolons that would normally terminate
statements to be omitted.

JavaScript has received criticism for the way it implements these conversions as the
complexity of the rules can be mistaken for inconsistency. For example, when adding a number to
a string, the number will be cast to a string before performing concatenation, but when subtracting
a number from a string, the string is cast to a number before performing subtraction.

3.2.4 MySQL

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is

a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Wideness’s daughter, and "SQL", the abbreviation
for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes data into one. Or more data tables
in which data types may be related to each other; these relations help structure the data to get on
 19

the database to control and the on if. This can be implemented to relational database to creation on
it.

SQL is a language programmers use to create, modify and extract data from the relational
database, as well as control user access to the database. In addition to relational databases and
SQL, an RDBMS like MySQL works with an operating system to implement a relational database
in a computer's storage system, manages users, allows for network access and facilitates testing
database integrity and creation of backups.

MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS being used for many small and big businesses.
MySQL is developed, marketed and supported by MySQL AB, which is a Swedish company.
MySQL is becoming so popular because of many good reasons

All downloads for MySQL are located at MySQL Downloads. Pick the version number
of MySQL Community Server which is required along with the platform you will be running it
on.
 20

CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The Design movement is regularly isolated into independent stages – System Design and
Detailed Design. Framework Design is now and then likewise called Top-Level Design. This
framework configuration intends to recognize and modules that ought to be in the framework, the
details of these modules and how they interface with one another to create the ideal outcome.
Toward the finish of the System Design all the significant information structures, document
designs, and the significant modules in the framework.

4.2 LOGICAL DESIGN

Logical design pertains to an abstract representation of the data flow, inputs, and outputs
of the system. It describes the inputs (sources), outputs (destinations), databases (data stores),
procedures (data flows) all in a format that meets the user requirements. While preparing the
logical design of a system, the system analyst specifies the user needs at level of detail that virtually
determines the information flow into and out of the system and the required data sources. Data
flow diagram, E-R diagram modeling are used.

4.3 PHYSICAL DESIGN

Physical design relates to the actual input and output processes of the system. It focuses on
how data is entered into a system, verified, processed, and displayed as output. It prod uces the
working system by defining the design specification that specifies exactly what the candidate
system does. It is concerned with user interface design, process design, and data design. It consists
of the following steps
 21

 Specifying the input/output media, designing the database, and specifying backup
procedures.
 Planning system implementation.
 Devising a test and implementation plan, and specifying any new hardware and software.
 Updating costs, benefits, conversion dates, and system constraints.

4.4 INPUT DESIGN

XAMPP stack of software is an open-source localhost server providing a number of

functionalities through the package of software it contains. The software, which is part of XAMPP
is started/stopped using the XAMPP Control Panel. It is used for testing the projects and
modifications offline before launching it on the global web. One such very important functionality
provided by XAMPP is the creation of the MySQL database. This is done by using phpMyAdmin.
The detailed explanation of what is phpMyAdmin and how to use it to create MySQL database
with XAMPP.

Input design is the process of converting user-originated inputs to a computer-based format.

Input design is one of the most expensive phases of the operation of a computerized system and it
often the major problem of a system. System design takes the following inputs

 Statement of work
 Requirement determination plan
 Current situation analysis
 Proposed system requirements including a conceptual data model, modified DFDs, and
Metadata (data about data).
 22

Fig.no: 4.4 Input Design

4.5 OUTPUT DESIGN

Output design generally refers to the results and information that are generated by the
system for many end-users; output is the main reason for developing the system and the basis on
which they evaluate the usefulness of the application. The output is an activity almost from the
beginning of the project, and follows the principles of form design. Effective and well-defined
output design improves the relationship of system and the user, thus facilitating decision-making
to given the result set produce on it.

A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of end user and presents the
information clearly. In any system result of processing are communicated to the user and to the
other system through outputs. In the output design it is determined how the information is to be
displayed for immediate need. It is the most important and direct source information is to the user.
Efficient and intelligent output design improves the system’s relationships with the user and helps
 23

in decision - making. The objective of the output design is to convey the information of all the past
activities, current status and to emphasis important events.
 24

Fig.no: 4.5 Output Design

4.6 DATABASE TABLE DESIGN

Table is a collection of complete details about a particular subject. These data are saved in
rows and columns. The data of each row is different units. Hence, rows are called RECORDS and
columns of each row are called FIELDS. Data is stored in tables, which is available in the backend.
The items and data, which are entered in the input, formed directly stored in this table using linking
of database. Link more than one table to input forms.
 25

4.6.1 Admin Login

 Primary Key: Id
 Purpose: Retrieve the Email and Password to Login the system

Field Name Type Constraint

Id Int (250) Not null

Email Varchar (50) Not null

Password Varchar (25) Not null

Table 4.6.1 Admin Login

4.6.2 Add Announcement

 Primary key: Id
 Purpose: Add Announcement

Field Name Type Constraint

Id Int (300) Not null

Date Date Not null

Desc Varchar (500) Not null

Table 4.6.2 Add Announcement

 26

4.6.3 Student

 Primary Key: Id
 Purpose: Update Records

Field Name Type Constraint

Id Int (500) Not null

Name Varchar (200) Not null

Email Varchar (200) Not null

Department Varchar (200) Not null

Address Varchar (500) Not null

Mobile Varchar (20) Not null

Gender Varchar (10) Not null

Dob Date Not null

Password Varchar (100) Not null

Confirm Password Varchar (200) Not null

SSLC_ School Varchar (200) Not null

SSLC_ Percentage Float Not null

SSLC_ Year of Passing Int (20) Not null

HSC_ School Varchar (200) Not null

 27

HSC_ Percentage Float Not null

HSC_ Year of Passing Int (20) Not null

UG Varchar (200) Not null

UG_ Branch Varchar (200) Not null

UG_ CGPA Float Not null

UG_ Year of Passing Int (20) Not null

PG Varchar (200) Not null

PG_ Branch Varchar (200) Not null

PG_ CGPA Float Not null

PG_ Year of Passing Int (20) Not null

Table 4.6.3 Update Student Details

4.6.4 Student Login

 Primary Key: Id
 Purpose: Student Sign in

Field Name Type Constraint

Id Int (300) Primary Key

Name Varchar (200) Not null

 28

Email Varchar (200) Not null

Password Varchar (20) Not null

Confirm Password Varchar (20) Not null

Department Varchar (200) Not null

Address Varchar (500) Not null

Mobile No Varchar (200) Not null

Gender Varchar (200) Not null

Dob Date Not null

Table 4.6.4 Student Login

4.6.5 Company Login

 Primary Key: Id
 Purpose: company Sign in

Field Name Type Constraint

Id int (300) Primary Key

Company Name Varchar (200) Not null

Establish Year Int (5) Not null

HR_ Name Varchar (200) Not null

Email Varchar (100) Not null

 29

Password Varchar (100) Not null

Mobile Varchar (10) Not null

Address Varchar (200) Not null

Table 4.6.5 company Login

4.6.6 Company Add Vacancy

 Primary Key: Id
 Purpose: company Add Vacancy List

Field Name Type Constraint

Id Int (200) Primary Key

Company Name Varchar (250) Not null

Job_ Profile Varchar (200) Not null

Salary Varchar (250) Not null

Eligibility Varchar (200) Not null

Bond Varchar (200) Not null

Email Varchar (100) Not null

Table 4.6.6 Company Add Vacancy

 30

4.7 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Data flow diagram is graphical representation of flow of data in an information system. It

is capable of depicting incoming data flow, outgoing data flow and stored data. The DFD does not
mention anything about how data flows through the system.

There is a prominent difference between DFD and Flowchart. The flowchart depicts flow
of control in program modules. DFDs depict flow of data in the system at various levels. DFD
does not contain any control or branch elements. A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical
representation of the “flow” of data through an information system. It differs from the flowchart
as it shows the data flow instead of the control flow of the program. A data flow diagram can also
be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design).

4.7.1 Level 0 DFD for Admin

Admin Login Login Failed

View Student Details

Add Announcement

View Vacancy List

Database

Fig.no 4.7.1 Level 0 DFD for Admi

 31

4.7.2 Level 1 DFD for Student

Login
View
Announcemen

Student

Change
Register password

Update Details

10th Percentage

SSLC Year of passing

12th Percentage

HSC Year of passing

UG CGPA

UG Year of passing

PG CGPA

PG Year of passing

Fig.no 4.7.2 Level 1 DFD for Student

 32

4.7.3 Level 2 DFD for Company

Register Login

Company

Search Post Vacancy

View Student Details

Name

Email

10th Percentage

12th Percentage

UG CGPA

PG CGPA

Fig.no 4.7.3 Level 3 DFD for Company

 33

CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM TESTING

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Software Testing is a method to check whether the actual software product matches
expected requirements and to ensure that software product is Defect free. It involves execution of
software/system components using manual or automated tools to evaluate one or more properties
of interest. The purpose of software testing is to identify errors, gaps or missing requirements in
contrast to actual requirements. The benefits of using software testing are

 Cost-Effective: It is one of the important advantages of software testing. Testing any IT

project on time helps you to save your money for the long term. In case if the bugs caught
in the earlier stage of software testing, it costs less to fix.
 Security: It is the most vulnerable and sensitive benefit of software testing. People are
looking for trusted products. It helps in removing risks and problems earlier.
 Product quality: It is an essential requirement of any software product. Testing ensures a
quality product is delivered to customers.
 Customer Satisfaction: The main aim of any product is to give satisfaction to their
customers. UI/UX Testing ensures the best user experience

5.2 UNIT TESTING

Unit testing is a type of software testing where individual units or components of a software
are tested. The purpose is to validate that each unit of the software code performs as expected. Unit
Testing is done during the development (coding phase) of an application by the developers. Unit
Tests isolate a section of code and verify its correctness. A unit may be an individual function,
method, procedure, module, or object. These types of tests are usually written by developers as
they work on code, to ensure that the specific function is working as expected.
 34

Fig.no: 5.2.1 Unit Testing

5.3 INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing (sometimes called integration and testing, abbreviated I&T) is the phase
in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group.
Software components may be integrated in an iterative way or all together ("big bang"). Normally
the former is considered a better practice since it allows interface issues to be located more quickly
and fixed.

Integration testing is a logical extension of unit testing. In its simplest form, two units that
have already been tested are combined into a component and the interface between them is tested.
A component, in this sense, refers to an integrated aggregate of more than one unit. Integration
testing identifies problems that occur when units are combined. By using a test plan that requires
 35

to test each unit and ensure the viability of each before combining units, that any errors discovered
when combining units are likely related to the interface between units.

Fig.no: 5.3.1 Integration Testing

5.4 SYSTEM TESTING

System testing is done when the entire system has been fully integrated. The purpose of
the system testing is to test how the different modules interact with each other and whether the
entire system provides the functionality that was expected.

5.5 VALIDATION TESTING

At the culmination of Black Box testing, software is completely assembled as a package,

interface errors have been uncovered and corrected and final series of software tests, Validation
tests begins. Validation testing can be defined many was but a simple definition is that validation
succeeds when the software functions in a manner that can be reasonably accepted by the customer.
After validation test has been conducted one of the two possible conditions exists.
 36

Fig.no: 5.5.1 Validation Testing

 37

5.6 OUTPUT TESTING

After performing the validation testing, the next step is output testing of the proposed
system since no system could be useful if it does not produce the required output in the specific
format. Asking the users about the format required by them tests the outputs generated or displayed
by the system under consideration. Here, the output format is considered in two ways.

One is on screen and another is printed format. The output format on the screen is found to
be correct, as the format was designed in the system design phase according to the user's needs.
The output format on the screen is found to be correct as the format was designed in the system
phase needs.

Fig.no: 5.6.1 Output Testing

 38

CHAPTER 6

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Design is the first step in the development phase for any techniques and principles for the
purpose of defining a device, a process or system in sufficient details to permit its physical
realization.

Once the software requirements have been analyzed and specified the software design
involves three technical activities – design, coding, implementation and testing that are
required to build and verify the software.

The design activities are of main importance in phase, because in activities, decisions
ultimately affecting the success of the software implementation and its ease of maintenance
are made. Decisions the final bearing upon reliability and maintainability of the system. Design
is the only way to accurately translate the customer’s requirements into finished software or a
system.

Design is the place where quality is fostered in development. Software design is a process
through which requirements are translated into a representation of software. Software design
is conducted in two steps. Preliminary design is concerned with the transformation of
requirements into data.
 39

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

7.1 CONCLUSION

The project is college Web based placement cell management system by maintaining the
student details related to placement in an efficient manner. Operational feasibility study tests the
operational scope of the software to be developed. The proposed software must have high
operational feasibility. The usability will be high. Project has a big scope to do. Students can access
previous information about placement. Stores information of all students. Various companies can
access information. Project Web based placement cell management system is applicable for the
companies and colleges.

7.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Web based placement management system enhancement is admin view the student details
and Company vacancy list of the admin page, admin add the announcement and view & delete the
announcement. Admin module to be developed, there by automating the services of the admin
resulting in continuous flow of records from database. The development of the project my prime
object was to keep the hardware& software requirement as minimum as possible. It supports
maximum user base. The searching procedure should be very strong like placement officer can
search student as fast as possible. Placement officer can contact with both student and company
through message. Student and company can also send message to placement officer.

 Admin module to be developed by automating Admin resulting in continuous flow

of records from database.
 To read important announcements
 40

APPENDICES

A1. SOURCE CODE

LOGIN:

<?php

include 'connect.php';

$result1 = "";

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {

$email = $_POST['email'];

$pass = $_POST['password'];

//$pass = hash('sha256', $pass);

//$pass = hash('sha256', $pass);

$sql="select * from student where email='$email' and password='$pass'";

$result = $conn->query($sql);

if(mysqli_num_rows($result)>0){

$row = $result->fetch_assoc();

session_start();

$_SESSION['email']= $email;

$_SESSION['name']= $row['name'];

$_SESSION['uid']= $row['id'];

header('Location:studentmain.php');

}
 41

Else

$result1 = "Invalid Credentials...Please try again.";

?>

REGISTER:

<?php

include 'connect.php';

// define variables and set to empty values

$nameErr = $emailErr = $GenderErr =$departmentErr = $passErr = $confirmpasswordErr =

$dateErr = $phoneerr = $addresserr = "" ;

$name = $email = $gender = $department = $address = $phone = $date = $resume = $pass =

$confirmpassword = "";

$info = "";

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {

if (empty($_POST["name"])) {

$nameErr = "Name is required";

Else

{
 42

$name = test_input($_POST["name"]);

if (empty($_POST["email"])) {

$emailErr = "Email is required";

else

$email = test_input($_POST["email"]);

if (empty($_POST["department"])) {

$departmentErr = "Required";

else

$department = test_input($_POST["department"]);

if (empty($_POST["gender"])) {

$genderErr = "Gender is required";

Else

$gender = test_input($_POST["gender"]);
 43

if (empty($_POST["address"])) {

$addresserr = "Please enter address";

} else {

$address = test_input($_POST["address"]);

if (empty($_POST["phone"])) {

$phoneerr = "Please enter Phone no";

} else {

$phone = test_input($_POST["phone"]);

if (empty($_POST["date"])) {

$date = "";

Else

$date = test_input($_POST["date"]);

if (empty($_POST["confirm"])) {

$confirmpasswordErr = "Please enter password";

Else

{
 44

$confirm = test_input($_POST["confirm"]);

if (empty($_POST["password"])) {

$passErr = "Please enter password";

} else {

$pass = test_input($_POST["password"]);

// $pass = hash('sha256',$pass);

if (($_POST["password"]) === ($_POST["confirm"])) {

//success!

else

$passErr="Password Not Matching!";

if(!empty($nameErr) || !empty($emailErr) || !empty($departmentErr) || !empty($genderErr) ||

!empty($dateErr) || !empty($passErr) || !empty($phoneerr) || !empty($addresserr))

echo "Please fill all the fields...!";

else

$result1 = "";
 45

$sql="INSERTINTO
student(name,email,department,address,mobile,gender,dob,password,confirmpassword)
VALUES ( '$name', '$email', '$department', '$address', '$phone', '$gender', '$date',
'$pass','$confirm');";

$result = $conn->query($sql);

if($result)

$info = "Record Inserted Successfully...";

// header('Location:login.php');

}else

echo "Failed to insert data:". $conn->error();

function test_input($data) {

$data = trim($data);

$data = stripslashes($data);

$data = htmlspecialchars($data);

return $data;

?>
 46

A2. SCREEN LAYOUT

Home Page
 47

Admin Login

View Student Details

 48

Add Announcement
 49

Vacancy List
 50

Student Register
 51

Student Login
 52

Student Update Details

 53

Company Register
 54

Company Login
 55

Company View Students Details

 56

Company Post Vacancy

 57

A3. REFERENCES

A3.1 Reference Books

1. Chen JW, Yen M. Engineering Accreditation: A Foundation for Continuing Quality

Improvement. 2005 Mar 1–5; Tainan. Exploring Innovation in Education and
Research,
2. Homma H. Accreditation System in Indonesia. JSME news. 2004 May; 15(1) [7]
Oberst B, Jones R. International Trends in Engineering Accreditation and Quality
Assurance. World Expertise L.L.C
3. HTML &amp; CSS: The Complete Reference, Fifth Edition Paperback – 1 July
2017 by Thomas Powell (Author)
4. Web Designing and Publishing - by Prof. Satish Jain and M. Geetha Iyer
5. PHP: The Complete Reference - by Steven Holzner
6. Felke-Morris. Basics of web Design: HTML5 &amp; CSS3, 2nd Edition, Addison-
Wesley2013.
7. James Jawroski, “Mastering Java Script”, Tmh 3/e, 2000.
8. George Koch, Kevin Loney, “Oracle – The Complete Reference”, Tata McGraw
Hill, Third Edition, 2001.
9. Henry F Korth, S. Sudharshan, “Database System Concepts” McGraw – Hill
International Editions, Fourth Edition, 2002.
 58

A3.2 Reference Websites

1. www.aarafacademy.com/create-multi-user-role-based-admin-using-php-
mysqlbootstrap/
2. www.allphptricks.com/forgot-password-recovery-reset-using-php-and-mysql/
3. www.tutsmake.com/login-registration-and-logout-in-php-with-validation/
4. www.htmlcss3tutorial.com/registration-and-login-form-in-php-mysql/
5. www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Overview.en.html
6. www.codeacdemy.com/catalog/language/php
7. www.dashboardbuilder.net/php-dashboard
8. www.professionalcipher.com/college-placement-system-php-.html
9. www.kashipara.com/idea/php/campus-placement-management-system.html
10. www.phpgurukul.com/campus-recruitment-management-system-using-php-and-
mysql/