Beam ( Bundle of rays)

← ti →
parallel
converging Diverging

¥
→

¥
 ① laws
of Reflection
①
→ 9mi dent say ,

gncidert Noma
'
reflected reflected say
lies
ray and Normal
"

¥¥
is lame plane .

↳ cross product
will be zero .

② < i=Lr
 ① in
deviation
If is 0
incident
then reflected
will also deviate
0
1
,
by .

mirror
② on Rotating
But on

rotate mirror

?÷÷?÷±
"
to o it

will to 20
go
-

•
.
 ① Object
← Iowa , object
Real Object

1§ 4¥
"
Is :* .

# virtual
✗
Real ,
"
object object

↳ Diverging converging
rays .

rays
 ② gmage
← →
virtual gmage
Real gmage

=
re .

Real
:* .
o.ie/*:-;:;:;:
gm object

converging diverging
rays
says
.
① Plane mirror
-

← →
Real gmage
① virtual gmage
ti
ti
virtual Object
Real Object

object is
equal to
② Distance of
distance of image .

will also be same

③ Height
hi=ho

lh•d#i
^
d=d
Question
①

EH !
/n=
a 8- "

a
/
will •

man in
↳ wants to see himself fully
the mirror .

te
mirror should be half of
his size
Velocity
same
① Parallel component
11 Will be in -
ive
② too .

sooo SMH
scoop
µ
5m15
.

¥
•
,i. III
Ssino ssino
I
-

o
 placed at an
angle
① Mirrors
.

9. mages
' find no .

of .

integer
111--3,61=96
.

No f images .

9f ① n= even N -1

② n= odd

↳ if Obi is
N"

↳
bisector
at angle

is not
gfobi
.

N
at an
angle
bisector .
 spneri-amie.us
← → concave
convex

%-)
rays
÷
;pi
" →

come
:-p
- -
. - -
-

from
here

curvature
( = centre of
↳ line through
its Normal to mirror .

curvature
R =
Radius of
p = Pole
① FOIS
parallel to Principle axis →
paraxial light →

gncident → Reflect → converged at

called focus
point
.

②×
;#¥p÷¥•
°

7-
=Rz
① parallel → passes through focus .

②
Goes from C

come back
p
in C
only .

.
sign-con-entio.rs p= origin
① Direction of

¥¥p
'
→ ive
light
l +
+ ive Incident
-

- ive 1

÷€÷÷
:
Equation

÷÷÷÷
÷ +
I =
¥
¥% Five
a
image
- ive
 magnification
'

m= height of 0

object

m = hi
To
- invested
→ will tell about
put with sign ""t

|m=÷=¥
.

9h mirror
,
 ① 1mi > I enlarged image
[
→

Diminished
② 1m14 →

④ ④
Mao

m>o
→

→
gmieoted
erect

if
+
eg
.

↳ diminished
erect
.
IÉae
.

m.E.E.im
sizeobgba.fi?:Leima9eMNet--M
Net
=

✗ M2 ✗ Ms X . . .
. .

Mnet
hn÷ hn÷ hn÷ ✗
= ^ '

✗
• '

✗
 Newtorisf-EMU.la
2
f.
NINO
=

← µ
↳ + ive

consider means
gt
both be
both must

ns.ygnjgntofwfiud
"
from
the having lame pig
image gnt
be -

town
1 .
,

÷÷÷¥-
02 01 i

2-7 i

<¥E→ IZ
;
l
=3
l

l
# longitudinal magnification .

object ;

gmage

¥
'
him = m =
-

t ,

how to
you already know

find M .
Velocity 9.mage
of
.

E°_p
II = - m2 yo→
↳
to
opposite
the object .
# Retraction → curved surface

÷É→m ← origin
C

- ive
Fife
Colony
incident ray )
①
¥ -

% =

arLi_
②
m=h÷ =

"f÷i
# tens

lens maker 's formula

①
.

¥ Clean )
( Rt ¥)
-1 -

② lens formula
¥ ta ¥
-
-
-
③ m=¥
↳ -
ive
① lens

Yitudna-mag.CM
② "

÷ .
= M2 = le
te
of
location
unchanged

t.tn#--
image
but
intensity
will

③ Velocity

1T£ m2yo→
•¥¥
=

in the same
↳ Here
direction .
 Powder ? D=
#
#
'

5. I unit Dioptoe (D)

ive
-

µ| H
f= -

+ ive ive
f- p=
-

p=+ive

Convex concave
lens .
lens
Combination focal length .

THI
¥q ¥ +
¥ +
.
. .
=
.

.$¥
1-
Pz
• . .

P,
-
.

-1
Peg
=
.
.

↳ with sign aways

siwe-nngfen.sn and
lens
separate the

¥→
the mirror

① lens ② mirror ③ lens

Pet Pm PL
Peg = +
.

Peg .
=

¥
,
-

Im
+
¥

¥m=¥ Em -1¥
-
Dispersion →
splitting of light .

É ⇐⇐÷
AD

H
dmax
dminj
.

, B 9 Y O R
Amin .

llmax .

most
least
deviation
dn →
 Achromatic combination

¥☒¥•ni
.
Thinpoim 8- - fee 1)
-
A

:÷÷÷÷
② Sr= flip 1) A -

Angular Dispersion
My =

hv÷R ①

)
0=8 ,, -
SR

= flew
-

MR )A
"
how much
upto
angle they are
spread .
② Average deviation -
-

Sy =
fee , -

1) A

③ Dispersive g-
power w =

w=er)
( by -

1)

↳ gn dependent of Prism .
-¥¥É
s
Smet :S
-

, ,

8 Met -_ 81+82
① Deviation but no dispersion
① Net -_ 0

② Dispersion but no deviation

0
Smet -_
 →
Nearby Object
Distant Object
Retina

retina p

least Distance -25cm

far Point so

↳ most Relaxed
Detect .

① Myopia ( Nearsightedness)
power lens)
Concave lens five

② Hetero myopia ( farsightedness)

convex lens .

cornea is not
when
③ Astigmatism (
spherical )
lens
cylindrical .

⑨ presbyopia 200cm
point → .

Near
old age → .
① simple microscope
- .
.

① Normal adjustment →
gmage at a

"#¥
Ya !?
→

Angular magnilication ¥
=

t,

distance
vision
of
 vision
② gmage at least Distance of .

:
i •

f <→u

2- →
D-
-
-
-

Angular magnification ¥+1

-_
 # Comtpoundmioscope
① "☒ piece
objective
←% ""

• eye

⇐ >
¥
Trans
"M÷n , ✗ me
→ angular

↳ Total magnification
f-otalmagi-I.IE#
¥①
microscope
L= Tube length of
t
between Fo and fe
② teatime

Total mas
=/ ÷ / (¥+1)
.

# Telescope
↳ Distant objects

↳ objective
lens is
big .
infinity

÷÷÷÷÷÷÷¥T
-
-
-
-

÷÷÷
① MOMat-A.li .

magnifying power
=¥
gthofTelescopetube=fo
② leasttitance

( ¥+15)
power to
magnifying
=