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    Ysabel Francesca Abad
    Some key risk factors for preterm birth include having previously given birth prematurely, carrying multiples, tobacco or substance use during pregnancy, and short intervals between pregnancies. The placenta provides nutrients and removes waste from the fetus while synthesizing hormones to encourage growth. Premature babies may experience complications like low birth weight, respiratory issues, and feeding difficulties. General supportive care in the neonatal intensive care unit includes careful temperature and infection control. Parents should be encouraged to have skin-to-skin contact with their premature baby to aid bonding and health.

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    Prematurity Content

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    Ysabel Francesca Abad
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    Some key risk factors for preterm birth include having previously given birth prematurely, carrying multiples, tobacco or substance use during pregnancy, and short intervals between pregnancies. The placenta provides nutrients and removes waste from the fetus while synthesizing hormones to encourage growth. Premature babies may experience complications like low birth weight, respiratory issues, and feeding difficulties. General supportive care in the neonatal intensive care unit includes careful temperature and infection control. Parents should be encouraged to have skin-to-skin contact with their premature baby to aid bonding and health.

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    Some key risk factors for preterm birth include having previously given birth prematurely, carrying multiples, tobacco or substance use during pregnancy, and short intervals between pregnancies. The placenta provides nutrients and removes waste from the fetus while synthesizing hormones to encourage growth. Premature babies may experience complications like low birth weight, respiratory issues, and feeding difficulties. General supportive care in the neonatal intensive care unit includes careful temperature and infection control. Parents should be encouraged to have skin-to-skin contact with their premature baby to aid bonding and health.

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    19 views2 pages

    Prematurity Content

    Uploaded by

    Ysabel Francesca Abad
    Some key risk factors for preterm birth include having previously given birth prematurely, carrying multiples, tobacco or substance use during pregnancy, and short intervals between pregnancies. The placenta provides nutrients and removes waste from the fetus while synthesizing hormones to encourage growth. Premature babies may experience complications like low birth weight, respiratory issues, and feeding difficulties. General supportive care in the neonatal intensive care unit includes careful temperature and infection control. Parents should be encouraged to have skin-to-skin contact with their premature baby to aid bonding and health.

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    Predisposing factors or causes

    Some kids are born too soon for unknown reasons, according to experts. Some factors (known
    as risk factors) can enhance a woman's chances of having a preterm birth. Even if she has no recognized
    risk factors, a woman can nonetheless give birth prematurely. Having previously had a premature baby,
    being pregnant with multiples, tobacco use, and substance addiction, and having a short period
    between pregnancies (less than 18 months) are all risk factors for preterm birth. Preterm delivery can
    also occur as a result of pregnancy difficulties, as the baby must be delivered early.

    Pathophysiology

    The placenta has three key functions for the fetus before birth: it provides all the nutrients for
    growth, it eliminates fetal waste products, and it synthesizes hormones that encourage fetal growth.

    The maternal circulation includes more substrate than the fetal circulation, except for most
    electrolytes. The placenta is also metabolically active, consuming glucose. Heat, urea, bilirubin, and
    carbon dioxide are waste products of fetal metabolism that are transmitted over the placenta and
    removed by the mother's excretory systems.

    Signs and symptoms or complications

    The following complications are experienced by the mother:

     Contractions (the abdomen tightens like a fist) every 10 minutes or more often
     Change in vaginal discharge (a significant increase in the amount of discharge or leaking fluid or
    bleeding from the vagina)
     Pelvic pressure—the feeling that the baby is pushing down
     Low, dull backache
     Abdominal cramps with or without diarrhea

    The following complications are experienced by the baby:

     Small size, with a disproportionately large head


     Sharper looking, less rounded features than a full-term baby's features, due to a lack of fat
    stores
     Fine hair (lanugo) covering much of the body
     Low body temperature, especially immediately after birth in the delivery room, due to a lack of
    stored body fat
     Labored breathing or respiratory distress
     Lack of reflexes for sucking and swallowing, leading to feeding difficulties

    Diagnostic tests

    Possible tests for a premature baby may include:

     Breathing and heart rate monitor


     Fluid input and output
     Blood tests
     Echocardiogram
     Ultrasound scan
     Eye exam

    Treatment or management

    General supportive care of the preterm newborn is best provided in a neonatal intensive care
    unit (NICU) or special care nursery, and entails careful attention to the thermal environment, utilizing
    servo-controlled incubators. Specific problems are addressed as discussed elsewhere in THE MANUAL.
    Handwashing is strictly enforced before and after any patient interaction. Until 34.5 or 35 weeks
    gestation, infants are constantly examined for apnea, bradycardia, and hypoxemia.

    Nursing care of the patient and family with the disorder/disease

    Within the confines of the newborn's medical condition, parents should be urged to visit and contact
    with the infant as much as possible. Skin-to-skin contact between the infant and the mother is good for
    the baby's health and helps the mother bond with her child. Even when infants are supported by
    ventilators and infusions, it is possible and safe.

    References (APA 7th Edition)

    Balest, A. L. (2021, April). Premature infants. MSD Manual.


    https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/perinatal-problems/premature-infants

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Premature birth.


    https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/features/premature-birth/index.html#:~:text=Some
    %20risk%20factors%20for%20preterm,has%20to%20be%20delivered%20early.

    Furdon, S. A. (2017, October 13). Prematurity. Medscape.


    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/975909-overview?reg=1#a6

    Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Premature birth.


    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-birth/symptoms-causes/syc-
    20376730

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