Prelim Reviewer

LESSON 1: PATTERNS AND NUMBERS, FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
1. Patterns – in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world and can also be
seen in the universe.
Examples:
 a group of recurring objects or shapes,
 curves that start at a center point,
 starts from a single point, and
 grow outward in many directions
2. Fibonacci - It displays unique mathematical properties that make it useful in fields as diverse as
astronomy (distances between planets and the sun, and the shape of galactic spirals), botany
(growth patterns of plants and trees), Human Anatomy, Parthenon, and financial markets (price
movements of securities). Every third term in the Fibonacci sequence is an even number.
 His real name was Leonardo Pisano Bogollo, and he lived between 1170 and 1250 in
Italy. "Fibonacci" was his nickname, which roughly means "Son of Bonacci".
 Fibonacci is a shortened word for the Latin term fillius Bonacci.
a a+b
 Formula: and
b a
3. Fibonacci number - is an integer in the infinite sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, … of which the first
two terms are 1 and 1 and each succeeding… Every third term in the Fibonacci sequence is
EVEN 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946,
17711, 28657, 46368, 75025, 121393, 196418, 317811, …
4. Radial symmetry - is the arrangement of body parts around a central axis, like rays on a sun or
pieces in a pie. Radially symmetrical (there are two identical halves) animals have top and
bottom surfaces, but no left and right sides, or front and back. In reali life, the group of animals
possess fivefold symmetry are Star fish, Sea orchins, and Sea lilies.
5. Golden Ratio - The Golden Ratio is also sometimes called the golden section, golden mean,
golden number, phi, divine proportion, divine section and golden proportion. And here is a
surprise. When we take any two successive (one after the other) Fibonacci Numbers, their ratio
is very close to the Golden Ratio "φ" which is approximately 1.618034. In mathematics and the
arts, two quantities are in the golden ratio if the ratio between the sum of those quantities and
the larger one is the same as the ratio between the larger one and the smaller.
LESSON 2: MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE (FUNCTIONS, SETS AND LOGIC)

1. Function - in mathematics, an expression, rule, or law that defines a relationship between one
variable (the independent variable) and another variable (the dependent variable).
 Example: A weekly salary is a function of the hourly pay rate or a student to his/her
family name
2. Characteristics of mathematical language
 Precise It can make very fine distinctions among set of symbols
 Concise It can briefly express long sentences into short one.
 Powerful It gives upon expressing complex thoughts
3. Proposition - is a declarative sentence (a sentence that declares a fact) that is either true or
false, but not both.
4. The union of two sets is a new set that contains all of the elements that are in at least one of
the two sets. The union is written as A∪B or “A or B”. Example: Given A = {1, 3,9} and B = {4,6, },
find AUB = {1,3,9,6,4}
5. The intersection of two sets is a new set that contains all of the elements that are in both
sets. The intersection is written as A∩B or “A and B”. Example: Given A = {1, 3,9} and B = {4,6},
find A∩B = { }
6. Common Sets of Numbers in Math

7. Mathematical Translation
Example:
More than 20 inches more than its width (w + 20)
50 more than a number (x + 50)
Example:
Less than 20 inches less than its width (w - 20)
50 less than a number (x - 50)
Example:
More 20 inches more its width (20 + w)
50 more a number (50 + x)
Example:
Less 20 inches less its width (20 - w)
50 less a number (50 - x)
8. Logical Symbols
LESSON 3: PROBLEM SOLVING AND REASONING
1. Counter Example - a statement is a true statement provided that is true in all cases.
2. Inductive Reasoning – is the process of reaching a general conclusion by examining specific

examples.
3. Deductive Reasoning - is the process of reaching a conclusion by applying general,

assumptions, procedures, or principles. It is the process of using premises and logical principles
to arrive at a specific conclusion

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LESSON 1: PATTERNS AND NUMBERS, FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

LESSON 2: MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE (FUNCTIONS, SETS AND LOGIC)

6. Common Sets of Numbers in Math

2. Inductive Reasoning – is the process of reaching a general conclusion by examining specific

3. Deductive Reasoning - is the process of reaching a conclusion by applying general,

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