Prelim Exam Reviewer Matm111

Mission, Vision, Core Values
FIBONNACI AND PATTERNS
• Fibonacci number - is an integer in the infinite sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, … of

which the first
two terms are 1 and 1 and each succeeding… Every third term in the Fibonacci
sequence is EVEN NUMBER.
- 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765,
10946,17711, 28657, 46368, 75025, 121393, 196418, 317811, …
• Fibonacci - It displays unique mathematical properties that make it useful in fields as
diverse as astronomy (distances between planets and the sun, and the shape of
galactic spirals), botany (growth patterns of plants and trees), Human Anatomy,
Parthenon, and financial markets (price movements of securities).
- His real name was Leonardo Pisano Bogollo, and he lived between 1170
and 1250 in Italy. "Fibonacci" was his nickname, which roughly means "Son of
Bonacci".
- Fibonacci is a shortened word for the Latin term Fillius Bonacci.
• Patterns are regular, repeated, and recurring forms of designs.
• The animals and fish stripes and spots are examples of patterns in nature that
attest to mathematical regularities in biological growth and form.
• Tessellation is created when a shape is repeated over and over again covering a
plane without any gaps or overlaps
• Radial symmetry - is the arrangement of body parts around a central axis, like rays
on a sun or pieces in a pie. Examples are beetles, human body, butterflies.
• Golden Ratio - The Golden Ratio is also sometimes called the golden section,
golden mean, golden number, divine proportion, divine section, and golden
proportion. And here is a surprise. When we take any two successive (one after the
other) Fibonacci Numbers, their ratio is very close to the Golden Ratio "φ" which is
approximately 1.61803398….
MATH AS A LANGUAGE
• Characteristics of mathematical language
- Precise It can make very fine distinctions among set of symbols
- Concise It can briefly express long sentences
- Powerful It gives upon expressing complex thoughts
REMEMBER THESE KEYWORDS!

Remember the difference between “less than” which is (-) and “is less than”
which is (<). Same with “more than” which is (+) versus “is more than” which is
(>).
FUNCTION, SETS AND LOGIC

• Function, in mathematics, an expression, rule, or law that defines a relationship
between one variable (the independent variable) and another variable (the
dependent variable). Example: A weekly salary is a function of the hourly pay rate or
a student to his/her family name.
• Proposition is a declarative sentence (a sentence that declares a fact) that is either
true or false, but not both.
• The union of two sets is a new set that contains all the elements that are in at
least one of the two sets. The union is written as A∪B or “A or B”.
Example: Given A = {1,3,9} and B = {4,6}, find AUB = {1,3,9,6,4}
• The intersection of two sets is a new set that contains all of the elements that
are in both sets. The intersection is written as A∩B or “A and B”.
Example: Given A = {1, 3,9} and B = {4,6}, find A∩B = { }
• An empty set is a subset of any set.
• Equal sets are equivalent sets.
• SUBSET. Considering the given sets, A and B, every member of set A is also member
of set B, then “A is a subset of B”
LOGICAL CONNECTIVES
Examples
Conditional Statement: If Math if fun then Math is challenging.
Converse: If Math is challenging then Math is fun.
Inverse: If Math is not fun then Math is not challenging.
Contrapositive: If Math is not challenging then Math is not fun.
• The inverse of the converse is the contrapositive.

• The converse of the contrapositive is the inverse.
PROBLEM SOLVING AND REASONING
• Counter Example - a statement is a true statement provided that is true in all cases.
• Problem is a situation that confronts the learner, that requires resolution, and for which
the path to the answer is not immediately known.
• Problem Solving means the ways or techniques used to get answer which will usually
involve one or more problem solving strategies
• Inductive Reasoning – is the process of reaching a general conclusion by
examining specific examples.
• Deductive Reasoning moves from generalized principles, known to be true, to a true
and specific conclusion.
•

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Mission, Vision, Core Values

FIBONNACI AND PATTERNS

• Fibonacci number - is an integer in the infinite sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, … of

REMEMBER THESE KEYWORDS!

FUNCTION, SETS AND LOGIC

• The inverse of the converse is the contrapositive.

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