GOVERNMENT

UNDER
JAPANESE
OCCUPATION
GROUP 5
 INTRODUCTION
Japan occupied in the
Philippines for over
three years, until the
surrender of Japan.

A highly effective
guerilla campaign by
Philippine resistance
forces controlled sixty
percent of the islands,
mostly jungle and
mountain areas.

MacArthur supploed
them by submarine,
and sent reinforcements
and officers. Filipinos
remained loyal to the
United States, partly
because of the
American guarantee of
independence, and also
because the Japanese
had pressed large
numbers of Filipinos into
work derails and even
put young Filipino
women into brothels.
 HOURS AFTER
PEARL HARBOR
War came unexpectedly to the Philippines,
Japan opened a surprise attack on the
Philippines on December 8, 1941, when Japan
attacked without warning, just ten hours
after the attack on Pearl Harbor

Japanese troops attacked the islands in

many places and launched a pincer drive
on Manila. Aerial bombardment was
followed by landings of ground troops in
Luzon.

The defending Philippine and United States

troops were under the command of
General Douglas MacArthur
War came unexpectedly to The defending Philippine
the Philippines, Japan and United States troops
opened a surprise attack were under the command
on the Philippines on of General Douglas
December 8, 1941, when MacArthur
Japan attacked without
warning, just ten hours Under the pressure of
after the attack on Pearl superior numbers, the
Harbor defending forces (a bout
80,000 troops, four fifths
Japanese troops attacked of them Filipinos) withdrew
the islands in many places to the Bataan Peninsula
and launched a pincer and to the island of
drive on Manila. Aerial Corregidor at the
bombardment was entrance to Manila Bay
followed by landings of where they entrenched
ground troops in Luzon. and tried to hold until the
arrival of reinforcements.
 Japanese Rules
for Filipinos
01 02 03 04

The Everbody
Salute to Japanese must put Everybody
the flag should the sun- should
Japanese be rise have the
soldiers displayed at certificate
armband
when you every of
on the left
meet house's residence
arm.
them. door.
 Japanese Rules
for Filipinos
05 06 07 08
You are
Wherever absolutely
prohibited to Don't be
you see
Unless you walk until the fooled and
Japanese
sun-set without bewildered
Soldiers do not tell
carrying lamps. by false
you must false prices
The walker who propaganda
welcome you will be
by
them and paid has not lights will
communists,
not reasonable be shot by
bandits and
escape Japanese
Chinese.
from them. patrolling soldier
 Japanese Rules
for Filipinos
09 10 11 12

The holding of The Be

The arms are jobless obedient
allowed by
incendiari people to the
the army. But
sm the arms- can find orders of
accidental holder must one's jobs governor
fire and report to the in and
robby will mayor it and
Japanese mayor
be get
permission army and who are
punished.
from. will be... authorized
 During the Japanese
occupation of the
THE Philippines during
World War II, the
JAPANESE Japanese influenced the
Government in the
INFLUENCE Philippines by
enforcing a strict
curfew, adding Japanese
currency,
instituting a military
Government and reducing
neighborhood Government
systems by half. The
occupation also cost
the lives of over a
million people in the
Philippines.
 The Lives of the Philippine
during the Occupation

During the occupation of the Japanese in the Philippines, they

ran the Philippine with an iron hand. They instilled fear
declared martial law. They imposed curfews, they ordered that
anyone who opposes them or even those who are just accused of
going against the Japanese were punished and killed. Singing
of the National Anthem and Raising of the National Flag was
prohibited. Use of radios and transmitters was also
prohibited. Political Parties, elections, and public
assemblies were put to halt. School, printing presses,
telegraph, and radio stations were closed down. Everything was
controlled by Japanese.
 Greater East Asia
Co-Prosperity Sphere
It was an imperialist propaganda concept created and
promulgated for occupied Asian populations during the
first third of the Showa era by the Government and Military
of the Empire of Japan.

It extended greater than East Asia promoted the cultural

and economic unity of Northeast Asians, Southest Asians,
and Oceanians.

It also dec;ared the intention to create a self-sufficient

"bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of
Western Powers". It was announced in aradio adress
entitled "The International Saituation and JApan's Position"
by Foreign Minister Hachiro on June 29, 1940
The Japanese
Propaganda
 Japanese Propaganda during World War II was
designed to assist the ruling Government of Japan
during that time.

Many of its elements were continuous with pre-war

elements of statism in Showa Japan, including the
principles of kokutai, hakko ichiu, and bushido.

New forms of propaganda were developed to persuade

occupied countries of the benefits of the Greater Asia Co-
Prosperity Sphere, to undermine American troops'
morale, to counteract calims of Japanese atrocities, and to
present the war to the Japanese people as victorious. It
started with the SEcond Sino-Japanese War, which
merged into World War II. It used a large variety of media
to send its messages.
THE
MAKAPILI
Headed by the triumvirate of
former Revolutionary General
Artemio Ricarte, Pio Duran, and
former Sakdalista Movement
founder Benigno Ramos, the
MAKAPILI came into existence
after the Japanese started to
conscript Filipinos to augment
their military forces. However, its
members became feared not
because of their fighting prowess
but because of their treacherous
behavior which inclued spying
and selling out their own people.
Whenever a village or town was
suspected of guerrilla activity, the
Japanese would round up the
residents and then let the
MAKAPILI members--who cobered
their faces with bamboo baskets
except foor their eyes--point out the
suspected gierrillas or their
sympathizers. In this way, many
Filipinod, including the innocent
ones, were dragged off by the
Japanese to be tortured and
executed.
The 2nd
Philippine
Republic
On September 20, 1943, the KALIBAPI-Under the leadership
of its director general, Benigno Aquino Sr. held a party
convention to elect 54 members of the National Assembly.

The assembly was actually made up of 108 members: but

half of this number was composed of incumbent governors
and city mayors.

Jose P. Laurel was elected as President of the Second

Republic (the first republic was Aguinaldo's Malolos
Republic) and with Benigno Aquino Sr. & Ramon
Avancena as a Vice-Presidents. The new republic was
inaugurated on October 14, 1943 on the front steps of the
Legislative building in Manila.
The new Republic was inagurated on October 14, 1943 on the front
steps pf the legislative building in Manila. The Philippine flag
hoisted as the National Anthem was played.

The Philippine flag was hoisted as the National anthem was played.
Meanwhile, the Japanese started using Propaganda to gain the trust
and confudence of Filipinos who refused to cooperate with them.

They hung giant posters and distribute their materials that contain
such Slogans as the "The Philippines belong to the Filipinos."

They also used Newspapers, Movies, and other to publicize the same
idea. Promoting Japanese Propaganda was one of the main
objectives of the KALIBAPI, but still Japanese failed to gain the trust
of the Filipinos.
 For the Japanese, KALIBAPI served as a labour
recruitment service in its initial stages
before taking on an expanded role in mid 1943.

It was left to KALIBAPI to write the new

constitution and establish the New National
Assembly, resulting in Aquino's appointment as
Speaker (as his replacement as Director-
General by Camilo Osias). All 54 members of
the Assembly were KALIBAPI members, although
33 of them had helded elected office before
the invasion as well.
KALIBAPI soon claimed a membership that ran into the
hundreds of thousands.

The islands were declared officially independent as the

Second Philippine Republic on October 14, 1943 under the
Presidency of Jose P. Laurel and his KALIBAPI
Government.

This had been accomplished through the Preparatory

Committee for Philippine Independence, which KALIBAPI
had established in mid-1943 under Japanese direction.
The
Execution of
Jose Abad
Santos
He was killed by the Japanese
because he stood his ground for his
country. He had full authority over
what's left of the Philippines and on
his capture, it was like catching the
President himself.
Abad Santos choose honor and death over a life of shame.
He even saw dying for the country as an opportunity. Such
was his patriotism, such as was his patriotism, such was
his heroism during those times of war. Just like our
National Hero, Jose Rizal, je was calm upon receiving the
news until the end.

"Do not cry, Pepito. Show these people that you

are brave. It is a rare opportunity for me to die for
our country. Not everybody is given that chance."

-Chief Justice Jose Abad Santos to his son, Pepito.

 Manila
Declared as
Open City

MacArthur issued the following

commonique: "In order to spare
the Metropolitan area from
ravages of attack, either by air or
ground , Manila is hereby
declared an OPEN CITY without
the characteristics of a military
objective.
 In order that no excuse may be given
for possible mistake, the American high
commissioner, the Commonwealth
Government and all combatant military
installations will be withdrawn from its
environs as rapidly as possible. The
Municipal government will continue to
function with its Police Powers, Reinforced
by Constabulary Troops, so that the normal
protection of life and property may be
preserved. Citizens are requested to maintain
obedience to constituted authorities and
continue the normal process of business."
Thank you!