Gathering Manifestos

and
Analyzing Arguments
Module in English for
Academic and Professional Purposes 12
First Semester- Second Quarter

MARIA TERESA B. MACASINAG

Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
Wangal, LaTrinidad, Benguet

Published by
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K to 12 Curriculum

through the DepEd CAR – Curriculum Implementation Division (CID). It can be
reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged.
Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a
supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and
the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for commercial
purposes and profit.

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 PREFACE

This module is a project of the DepEd- Cordillera Administrative Region through the
Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) which is in response to the implementation
of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This learning material is a property of the Department of Education-CAR. It aims to

improve students’ academic performance specifically in English.

Date of Development : November 2020

Resource Location : DepEd CAR-LRMS
Learning Area : English
Grade Level :12
Learning Resource Type : Module
Language : English
Quarter/Week : Q2/W1
Learning Competency/Code : Gathers manifestos and analyzes the arguments
used by the writer/s
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIa- d-3).

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my profound gratitude to the following for their contribution to
this learning module:

My colleagues in the English Department- Dialyn, Darielle, Mel, and Josephine, for
their inspiration to keep writing quality modules and for the group’s collective drive to
contribute more for DepEd SDO Baguio LR One-Stop- Shop; and lastly,

My family- Nabe, Amber, Dionne, and Maven, for their reassuring guidance and
endless affection.

Development Team
Author: Maria Teresa B. Macasinag

School Learning Resources Management Committee

Brenda M. Cariño School Principal
Warren L. Ambat Subject/ Learning Area Specialist
Jopie B.Ferrer SHS LR Coordinator

Quality Assurance Team

Lillian S. Pagulongan EPS – English
Nińo M. Tibangay PSDS – BCNHS District

Learning Resource Management Section Staff

Loida C. Mangangey EPS – LRMDS
Victor A. Fernandez Education Program Specialist II - LRMDS
Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS
Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II
Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I

CONSULTANTS

JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD

Chief Education Supervisor – CID

CHRISTOPHER C. BENIGNO, PhD

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COPYRIGHT NOTICE ................................................................................................ i

PREFACE .................................................................................................................. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................ iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ iv
What I Need to Know .................................................................................................1
What I Know ..............................................................................................................2
What’s In ....................................................................................................................3
What’s New................................................................................................................3
Activity: Mani-fes-to!..........................................................................................3
What's In It................................................................................................................. ..4
Activity: Try this! ..................................................................................................4
What's More.................................................................................................................8
Activity 1: Simple Examples!.............................................................................8
Activity 2: Analyze this! ..................................................................................10
What I Have Learned ...............................................................................................14
Activity: Unjumble this! ...................................................................................14
What I Can Do .........................................................................................................14
Activity: Do this! ...............................................................................................14
Assessment .............................................................................................................15
ANSWER KEY .........................................................................................................16
REFERENCE LIST ..................................................................................................17

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 What I Need to Know

Hello learner! This module was designed and written with you in mind. Primarily, its
scope is to help you get familiar with manifestos and how to analyze arguments used
by writers.

While going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define what manifesto is and identify its types;
2. analyze arguments used by writers in their manifestos by following guide
questions and by focusing on reason or evidence, and
3. gather manifestos and comment on given aspects of the works.

By the way, always remember to use a separate sheet of paper for you to write your
answers on the different activities presented in this learning module. DO NOT
ANSWER here directly.
Now, here is an outline of the different parts of your learning module. The
descriptions will guide you on what to expect on each part of the module.

Label Description
What I need This states the learning objectives that you need to achieve as you study this
to know module.

What I know This is to check what you already know about the lesson on this module.

What’s In This connects the current lesson with a topic or concept necessary to your
understanding.
What’s New This introduces the lesson to be tackled through an activity.

What’s In it This contains a brief discussion of the learning module lesson. Think of it as the
lecture section of the lesson.

What’s More These are activities to check your understanding and to apply what you have
learned from the lesson.
What I have This generalizes the essential ideas tackled from this module.
Learned
What I Can This is a real life application of what you have learned.
Do
Post- This is an evaluation of what you have learned from this learning material.
Assessment
Additional This is an activity that will strengthen and fortify your knowledge about the lesson.
Activity

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 What I Know

Modified True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If it is FALSE,

identify the word(s) that make/s it wrong. Be able also to give the correct
word/s to make the statement true.

1. In a manifesto, you declare your vision, core values and goals to the world.
2. Manifestos are only for politicians or artists.
3. A manifesto asks the question, "What is your opinion?"
4. The statement of the author’s opinion on a debatable topic is called proposition.
5. The proposition is also called assertion or claim.
6. The conclusion serves as the elaboration and explanation.
7. Reason is an argumentative statement that supports the main claim by showing the
thinking behind it.
8. The purpose of arguments is to inform and entertain.
9. An electoral manifesto shows the ideology of a candidate or party and its commitment to
the citizens.
10. "We will create a patent pool, acquire patents, and allow access to patented technology
to businesses at an affordable cost." This statement can be found in a manifesto related to
religious beliefs.
11. A manifesto could be a powerful one liner or an entire page or even as lengthy as a
novel.
12. In Rizal’s Manifesto to Certain Filipinos, he expressed his desire for our country to be
free; and that revolution and hard work might make the Filipino people worthy of that
freedom.
13. In his manifesto, Rizal admitted involvement in the planned uprising.
14. Rizal wanted a revolution not of arms but of the mind.
15. The Rizal who was sentenced to death wanted us to dedicate ourselves to the civic and
social betterment of the Filipino nation.

What’s In
Hello dear learner!
We are now onto our next learning
journey! I encourage you to maintain that
enthusiasm and assimilate as much as you can
from our succeeding discussions and activities.
Remember, the best of all things is to learn. In
this module you will learn what manifesto is, its
various kinds, its purpose and how to analyze
Manifesto
arguments used by the writer/s.
Before we proceed, let’s try to activate
your prior knowledge on the topic at hand by
filling in the boxes with words or phrases that you associate with the word “manifesto” based
on how you might have heard, read or learned it in the past.

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 What’s New
Activity: Mani-fes-to!

Now, check out the succeeding definition of manifesto.

A manifesto is a published declaration of principles, intentions, motives, or views

often political in nature, but it may also be life stance related. It usually promotes a new idea
with prescriptive notions for carrying out changes the issuer believes should be made. It may
be written by a group or an individual.

Martin Luther King’s ”I Have A Dream” is a very compelling example of a manifesto,

designed to foster faith among a people, who are victims of gross prejudice. Martin’s
extensive use of varied rhetorical devices such as imagery, repetition, and metaphor, as well
as an appeal to the reader’s sense of ethos, logos, and pathos, persuade the audience to
have faith and optimism in the face of despair and prejudice. For a copy of the civil rights
icon’s speech, you can visit this link: https://www.newsweek.com/martin-luther-king-jr-i-have-
dream-speech-full-text-video-1482623

Now, were the words/phrases you listed in the boxes earlier at least related to the
word in question? Of course you can always correct your answer if it deviates. So, are you
ready to learn more about manifestos? By the way, it can also be spelled as manifestoes.

What’s Is It
Manifesto
Activity : Checkofthis
Unity against the Anti-Terrorism Bill of 2020 in the Philippines
out!
Here is an example of a manifesto. Please read and answer the questions that follow.
Saturday 13 June 2020, by Collective, UP CIDS AltDev

The University of the Philippine Center for Integrative and Development Studies
Program on Alternative Development (UP CIDS AltDev), with civil society organizations,
grassroots communities, and scholar-activists across Southeast Asia and the globe,
condemns the passage of the Anti-Terrorism Bill of 2020. Nothing but a weapon to
silence criticism and dissent toward the government, the proposed Bill is a threat to the
fundamental constitutional rights of the Filipino people.

The Bill grants absolute power to the state and its repressive apparatuses such as the Armed
Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police to violate the Philippine
Constitution and human rights. It harbors a vague definition of terrorism which permits the
malicious tagging of activists, critics, and organizations as affiliates of so-called terrorist groups.
Furthermore, the Bill undermines whatever “safeguard” it has by giving free rein to the Anti-
Terror Council (ATC) to determine what constitutes “a serious risk to public safety” and the act
to “incite others” to commit terrorism. This paves the way for the warrantless arrest of members
of civil society designated as “terrorist.” This may paralyze the broad grassroots movements
and alternative practices engaged by communities and civil society organizations that counter
the state’s aggressive, profit-oriented vision of development. No one is safe.

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We believe that it is imperative that we put an end to terrorist activities. Our hearts and
sympathies go out to all of those who have been victimized by acts of lawless violence. However,
arming the government with punitive instruments and granting them a wide latitude of discretion,
which the proposed bill provides, is not the answer. History will tell how current and past regimes
have exhausted various means to amass political power through anti-people policies, as
exemplified by the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos who wore the same “anti-terrorism” veneer to
quell critics and dissenters. Suffice to say, the “Terror Bill” does not and will not address the root
causes of terrorism which is poverty and the corruption of power.

As scholars and activists, we cannot stand by as we lay witness to the passage of this bill,
especially under the current regime which has not been shy to use violence against the weak,
powerless and the poor. We believe that addressing terrorism must not be addressed through
punitive and draconian measures. Quelling terroristic activities is built through a comprehensive
approach towards attaining peace, social justice, equity with the genuine participation of its
people. We do not need to further arm the coercive apparatuses of the state which has operated
with impunity and has grotesquely performed its duties with abuses.

Source: http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article53636

STUDY QUESTIONS
1. What is the purpose of the manifesto?
2. If you could pinpoint a single sentence or passage as being the thesis of this section, what
would it be?

3. Who is the manifesto's target audience?

At this point, would you be able to identify what kind of manifesto is the above
example? Meanwhile, let’s check the different types of manifestos.
While a manifesto is usually political or artistic in nature, there are other types of
manifestos as well.

TYPES OF MANIFESTOS

 Election or electoral manifesto- list of promises to citizens which is issued by a

political party. The list shows the ideology of the party and its commitment to
the citizens. It is in the form of a pamphlet or booklet issued to tell people about the
party's programmes and policies.

 Manifestos relating to religious belief are referred to as creeds

A creed is a set of fundamental beliefs; a guiding principle. Other synonyms are credo,
doctrine, dogma, gospel, ideology, philosophy, and testament.
Perhaps the most famous manifestos of all time is also the most popular book ever
written. It was also the first book ever mass produced. It’s The Bible. It’s the sacred
document for the Christian faith. In particular, the Ten Commandments are a crucial
element. They define the rules for living.

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 Educational manifestos
As the name implies, these are manifestos involving issues concerning education and
are written by educators and professionals in the field of education.

 Scientific and technological manifestos

These cover topics normally dealing with policies on the areas of science and
technology, by scientists and technology experts.

 Professional manifestos (pertaining to an individual or organization)

Manifestos can also be categorized as artistic, philosophical, corporate, personal,
religious (creed) and political.

This time, let’s go back to the question earlier. What kind of manifesto is the boxed
example above? Yes, you are correct! It’s a professional manifesto.

Manifestos can be a few sentences or the length of a novel. While having a long,
drawn out manifesto might include all your intentions and goals, a short, powerful manifesto
of a few lines or a page can get your message across quickly.

Keeping it short also helps to ensure it will be read. In a quick fix world, where people
spend less than 10 minutes a day reading, packing your message into a few lines is the way
to go.

Some companies and artists pack their goals into a

Examples of Short Manifestos
few lines. Others might use a page to declare the
impact they want to make on the world. Check out these sample advertisements.

Nike: Purpose Moves Us

Our purpose is to unite the world through sport to create a healthy planet, active
communities and an equal playing field for all.

Nike packs power into one line: “Purpose moves us.” Their revolving goal is a changing and
moving effort to create an active planet. With their manifesto, Nike provides articles and
inspiration on how the company is working to achieve their goals through their products.
Source: (Your DIctionary n.d.)

Apple: To the Crazy Ones

Here’s to the crazy ones. The misfits. The rebels. The troublemakers. The round pegs in the
square holes. The ones who see things differently. They’re not fond of rules. And they have no
respect for the status quo. You can praise them, disagree with them, quote them, disbelieve
them, glorify them or vilify them. About the only thing you can’t do is ignore them. Because they
change things.

In this excerpt from their short ad manifesto, Apple demonstrates their commitment to people
who think differently. They strive to push the status quo and invite imagination and creativity. This
call to arms, so to speak, not only inspires but invites everyone to explore their thinking.
Source: (Your DIctionary n.d.)

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 Other personal manifestos look like the ones below.

Images borrowed from (Nordin 2020)

From what you’ve seen above, personal manifestos are personal guidelines to live
your life. It’s your life’s own call to action. The way you live your life and what you strive for.

Your own manifesto is…..

a blueprint for your life.
outlines your core values and intentions.
inspiration to never give up and to aim high.
motivation to reach your goals and be your best self.
sums up your life. It explains the reasons why you live.
is a constant reminder of how strong, courageous, and unique you are.
definition of you as a person, your mantras, personal affirmations, your
beliefs

Now, what do you observe in writing a personal manifesto in terms of how the
statements are written and what type of words are used? Also, what do you notice about
the layout? Write your answers on your answer sheet.

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 What’s More
Activity 1: Simple example!
Determine what type of manifestos are the following.

A. B.

Sources: Rivera (2016); FP Research (2019)

C. D.

Images borrowed from (Vick D. n.d.)

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Activity 2: Analyze this!
This time, let’s study how to analyze
arguments used by writers in their manifestos
by going over some guides.
But before we proceed further, let’s
review what is an argument. An argument is a
claim or proposition put forward along with
reasons or evidence supporting it.

Image borrowed from (LumenLearning n.d.)

3 Parts of Argument :an assertion, reasoning and evidence (easily remembered with the
mnemonic ARE).

Assertion-is usually a simple statement (claim or proposition) such as

“Television news is boring.”

“Tomato soup is better than grilled cheese sandwiches.”

An assertion is the thesis statement or the main point of an argument.

Reasoning-is the “because” part of an argument or the premise. It supports the

assertion/proposition. It answers the question, ”Why did you say that?”, as in the following
examples:

“Television news is boring because it doesn’t talk about issues

that are relevant to me.”
“Tomato soup is better than a grilled cheese sandwich because
it is more nutritious.”

Evidence-supports reasoning. There are many different kinds of evidence, ranging from
expert testimony or statistics to historical or contemporary examples.
Evidence must relate to the reason and must be enough or sufficient to support the reason.

“Television news is boring because it doesn’t talk about issues that

are relevant to me. For example, I never see stories about the issues
that kids deal with every day.”

“Tomato soup is better than a grilled cheese sandwich because it is

more nutritious. For example, tomato soup contains important vitamins
such as lycopene, while grilled cheese sandwiches really don’t have
that much nutritional value at all.”

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The Purpose of Arguments: To Convince or Persuade
Warning: While arguments are intended to convince, this does not mean that all attempts
to convince are arguments. Most of us use and encounter a variety of methods of
persuasion. A parent might use a simple gesture or facial expression to persuade a child to
refrain from a specific behavior; advertisers sometimes try to convince us to buy their
products with advertisements that depict a pretty woman. Sometimes people try to persuade
by manipulating language in a variety of ways, such as, through threats and flattery, or by
calling people names that have powerful emotional associations, or phrases that insinuate or
suggest claims.

Such efforts to convince are not arguments. Arguments can be distinguished from
these other types of persuasion because they provide reasons for accepting the conclusion.

Remember all these discussions as we move forward because you will find these
useful in accomplishing tasks related to presenting reasonable arguments.

Guide Questions in Analyzing an Argument

 What issue is presented?

 What is the author’s argument?
 What type of support (facts, experts’ opinions, research, observations, personal
experiences, etc.) do the author/s present?
 How relevant (directly related to the issue) is the support?
 Is the argument objective and complete?
 Is the argument valid (logical) and credible (believable)?

Are concepts clear so far?

A few more essential things to remember are: an argument
-is logical if it is made up of premises (assumptions, laws, rules, widely held ideas, or
observations) and a conclusion..
-is valid if the fact that all the premises are true forces the conclusion to be true.
-that is not valid is invalid. It is called a fallacy.

Meanwhile, following is a manifesto by the greatest Filipino of all time--Rizal. He

wrote this on Dec. 15, 1896 during his incarceration in Fort Santiago.Take time to read it as
you take note of the manifesto’s power to challenge assumptions, foster commitment, and
provoke change. Likewise, draw renewed inspiration from our national hero’s self-sacrifice
for our beloved motherland.
RIZAL’S MANIFESTO TO CERTAIN FILIPINO

“Fellow countrymen: Upon my return from Spain I learned that my name was being used
as a rallying cry by some who had taken up arms. This information surprised and grieved
me but thinking that the whole affair was finished, I refrained from commenting on
something that could no longer be remedied. Now, rumors reach me that the
disturbances have not ceased.

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 It may be that persons continue to use my name in good or in bad faith; if so,
wishing to put a stop to this abuse and to undeceive the gullible, I hasten to address
these lines to you that the truth may be known. From the very beginning, when I first
received information of what was being planned, I opposed it, I fought against it, and
I made clear that it was absolutely impossible. This is the truth, and they are still
alive who can bear witness to my words. I was convinced that the very idea was
wholly absurd— worse than absurd, it was disastrous. I did more than this. When
later on, in spite of my urgings, the uprising broke out, I came forward voluntarily to
offer not only my services but my life and even my good name in order that they may
use me in any manner they may think opportune to smother the rebellion. For I was
convinced of the evils which that rebellion would bring in its train, and so I
considered it a privilege if at whatever sacrifice I could ward off so much useless
suffering. This is also of record.

“Fellow countrymen: I have given many proofs that I desire as much as the next man
liberties for our country; I continue to desire them. But I laid down as a prerequisite
the education of the people in order that by means of such instruction, and by hard
work, they may acquire a personality of their own and so become worthy of such
liberties. In my writings I have recommended study and the civic virtues, without
which no redemption is possible. I have also written (and my words have been
repeated by others)that reforms, if they are to bear fruit, must come from above, for
reforms that come from below are upheavals both violent and transitory. Thoroughly
imbued with these ideas, I cannot do less than condemn, as I do condemn, this
ridiculous and barbarous uprising, plotted behind my back, which both dishonors us
Filipinos and discredits those who might have taken our part. I abominate the crimes
for which it is responsible and I will have no part init. With all my heart I am sorry for
those who have rashly allowed them-selves to be deceived. Let them, then, return to
their homes, and may God pardon those who have acted in bad faith.”
Source: Arnaldo 2011

COMPREHENSION CHECK
I. Respond to the following questions by picking the correct answer from the
given options.
1. What was the content of Jose Rizal‘s manifesto?
A. Rizal‘s sworn allegiance to Spain
B. Rizal‘s call for Filipinos to unite against Spain
C. Statement of Rizal‘s support to the revolution
D. Statement of Rizal that condemns the revolution

2. How did Jose Rizal describe the revolution in his December 15, 1896 manifesto?
A. absurd B. barbaric C. deadly D. violent

3. Who were the intended audience of Jose Rizal in his December 15, 1896 manifesto?
A. the Spaniards C. his prison mates
B. the Filipino people D. the king of Spain

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4. Which was NOT part of Jose Rizal‘s intentions in his manifesto?
A. condemn and stop the rebellion
B. deny his participation in the rebellion
C. swear allegiance to Spain and remain a loyal subject
D. express the importance of education and civic virtues

II. Going back to the guide questions presented early on, let’s again examine
the manifesto and answer each question.
1. What issue is presented?
2. What is the author’s argument?
3. What type of support (facts, experts’ opinions, research, observations, personal
experiences, etc.) do the author/s present?
4. How relevant (directly related to the issue) is the support?
5. Is the argument objective and complete?
6. Is the argument valid (logical) and credible (believable)?

What I Have Learned

Activity: Word Solver!
From our study of manifesto, what three words do you gather as the basic
components of a manifesto? Or in other words, what should a manifesto contain? Be
a word solver! Rearrange the jumbled letters to figure out the word in each number.

1.___________________ (FEEBLIS)
2.___________________ (AOSLG)
3.___________________ (ISWDMO)

What I Can Do
Activity: Make It Personal!
It would surely be a phenomenal idea to come up with your own personal manifesto. As
you write your personal manifesto, keep in mind the tips given earlier on how to write one.
Make sure that your work would power you up and invoke an emotional response every time
you read it.
Scoring Guide
Feature Score
10 8 6
How statements Statements are straight One to two statements More than two
are written to the point. are written in a round statements are long-
about way. winding.
Types of words Empowering language One to two words do More than two are not
used or positive words are not express hope and assertive and self-
used. confidence. assured.

Layout Creativity and fun with Limited creativity is Layout is needing

the layout is employed. employed in the creativity.
layout.

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 Post-Assessment
Modified True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If it is FALSE,
identify the word(s) that make/s it wrong. Be able also to give the correct
word/s to make the statement true.

1. In a manifesto, you declare your vision, core values and goals to the world.
2. Manifestos are only for politicians or artists.
3. A manifesto asks the question, "What is your opinion?"
4. The statement of the author’s opinion on a debatable topic is called proposition.
5. The proposition is also called assertion or claim.
6. The conclusion serves as the elaboration and explanation.
7. Reason is an argumentative statement that supports the main claim by showing the
thinking behind it.

8. The purpose of arguments is to inform and entertain.

9. An electoral manifesto shows the ideology of a candidate or party and its commitment to
the citizens.
10. "We will create a patent pool, acquire patents, and allow access to patented technology
to businesses at an affordable cost." This statement can be found in a manifesto related to
religious beliefs.
11. A manifesto could be a powerful one liner or an entire page or even as lengthy as a
novel.
12. In Rizal’s Manifesto to Certain Filipinos, he expressed his desire for our country to be
free; and that revolution and hard work might make the Filipino people worthy of that
freedom.
13. In his manifesto, Rizal admitted involvement in the planned uprising.
14. Rizal wanted a revolution not of arms but of the mind.
15. The Rizal who was sentenced to death wanted us to dedicate ourselves to the civic and
social betterment of the Filipino nation.

Additional Activity
Activity: Text Connect!

Gather two manifestos. Then, write a brief comment on the following aspects of the
works.

Intentions (what the ability to motivate feeling it leaves you

writer wants you to and create desire (hope, amusement,
Title of Manifesto do) curiosity or
excitement, etc.)

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ANSWER KEY

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 REFERENCE LIST

Arnaldo. 2011. "The Rizal Manifesto."With ones past. August 19.

http://withonespast.com/2011/08/19/the-rizal-manifesto/.
Collective, UP CIDS AltDev. 2020. "Manifesto of Unity against the Anti-Terrorism Bill of
2020 in the Philippines."Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières. June.
http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article53636.
Fink, Jenni. 2020. "Martin Luther King Jr. 'I Have a Dream' Speech Full Text and
Video."Newsweek, January: https://www.newsweek.com/martin-luther-king-jr-i-
have-dream-speech-full-text-video-1482623.
FP Research. 2019. "Explainer: What is a manifesto? How many types are there apart
from the ones containing poll promises."firstpost. April.
https://www.firstpost.com/politics/explainer-what-is-a-manifesto-how-many-types-
of-manifestos-are-there-apart-from-the-ones-containing-poll-promises-of-political-
parties-6379431.html.
Freshers Jobs. 2018. Analyzing Arguments Quiz – Reasoning Questions and Answers.
May. https://www.freshersnow.com/analyzing-arguments-quiz/.
LumenLearning. n.d. Analyzing an Argument. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/jsun-
englishcomp1/chapter/analyzing-an-argument/.
Martin, Dan. 2019. ANALYZING ARGUMENTS. November.
https://prezi.com/k0iq5xtrbb77/analyzing-arguments/.
Melendez, Christian Bernard A. 2011. "Rizal issued 5-pt. manifesto to prove his
innocence."Inquirer.net, December: https://opinion.inquirer.net/20087/rizal-
issued-5-pt-manifesto-to-prove-his-innocence.
Nordin, Melissa. 2020. "How to Create a Personal Manifesto and Accomplish Your
Goals."yogiapproved. https://www.yogiapproved.com/life/how-to-create-a-
personal-manifesto-and-accomplish-your-goals/.
Rivera, Mary Francis. 2016. "HEAR MINDANAO – STATEMENT ON THE IMMEDIATE
PASSAGE OF THE ENHANCED BANGSAMORO BASIC LAW (BBL)."Office of
the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process.
https://peace.gov.ph/2018/03/hear-mindanao-statement-immediate-passage-
enhanced-bangsamoro-basic-law-bbl/.
Swarthmore College. 2020. Guidelines for Developing a Manifesto.
https://www.swarthmore.edu/arts-social-change/guidelines-developing-a-
manifesto.
Vick D. n.d. Mantras & Manifestos. https://br.pinterest.com/vickd715/mantras-
manifestos/.
Your DIctionary. n.d. Short Manifesto Examples.
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/short-manifesto-examples.html.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education-Cordillera Administrative Region
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet
Telefax: 422-1318 / 422-4074
Email Address: car@deped.gov.ph
Social Media: facebook.com/DepEdTayoCordillera

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