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    Assignment 3 Inorganic Final

    Uploaded by

    Taimoor Hassan Khan
    This document discusses crystal field theory and its application to transition metal complexes. It begins with an introduction to crystal field theory, noting that it describes the metal-ligand interaction as electrostatic and splits d-orbitals into sets based on geometry. Figures 1 and 2 show the splitting of orbitals into t2g and eg sets for octahedral geometry. The document then lists merits and demertis of crystal field theory, including that it explains color and spectra but considers interaction purely electrostatic. It also addresses why the splitting Δt is half of Δo, relating it to closer interaction of ligands with d-orbitals in octahedral vs tetrahedral geometry.

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    Assignment 3 Inorganic Final

    Uploaded by

    Taimoor Hassan Khan
    54 views5 pages
    This document discusses crystal field theory and its application to transition metal complexes. It begins with an introduction to crystal field theory, noting that it describes the metal-ligand interaction as electrostatic and splits d-orbitals into sets based on geometry. Figures 1 and 2 show the splitting of orbitals into t2g and eg sets for octahedral geometry. The document then lists merits and demertis of crystal field theory, including that it explains color and spectra but considers interaction purely electrostatic. It also addresses why the splitting Δt is half of Δo, relating it to closer interaction of ligands with d-orbitals in octahedral vs tetrahedral geometry.

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    This document discusses crystal field theory and its application to transition metal complexes. It begins with an introduction to crystal field theory, noting that it describes the metal-ligand interaction as electrostatic and splits d-orbitals into sets based on geometry. Figures 1 and 2 show the splitting of orbitals into t2g and eg sets for octahedral geometry. The document then lists merits and demertis of crystal field theory, including that it explains color and spectra but considers interaction purely electrostatic. It also addresses why the splitting Δt is half of Δo, relating it to closer interaction of ligands with d-orbitals in octahedral vs tetrahedral geometry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views5 pages

    Assignment 3 Inorganic Final

    Uploaded by

    Taimoor Hassan Khan
    This document discusses crystal field theory and its application to transition metal complexes. It begins with an introduction to crystal field theory, noting that it describes the metal-ligand interaction as electrostatic and splits d-orbitals into sets based on geometry. Figures 1 and 2 show the splitting of orbitals into t2g and eg sets for octahedral geometry. The document then lists merits and demertis of crystal field theory, including that it explains color and spectra but considers interaction purely electrostatic. It also addresses why the splitting Δt is half of Δo, relating it to closer interaction of ligands with d-orbitals in octahedral vs tetrahedral geometry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 5

    1|Page

    12/16/ 2022

    Assignment: 3
    Submitted to:
    Ma’am Shan-e-Batool
    Submitted by:
    Fatima Anwer.
    Subject:
    Inorganic Chemistry II
    Topic:
    Queries for Crystal Field Theory
    SAP id:
    70116085.
    Section:
    B-5th
    2|Page

    Introduction:
     Crystal field theory was proposed which described the metal-ligand bond as an ionic
    bond arising purely from the electrostatic interactions between the metal ions and ligands.
    Crystal field theory considers anions as point charges and neutral molecules as dipoles.
     It’s an electrostatic mode which is used to describe splitting in metal “d” orbitals.
     Ligands are considered as point charge in case of neutral molecules.
     Crystal field theory is deals with degenerate orbitals of octahedral, tetrahedral and square
    planer geometries.
     It splits “d’ orbital in two set of degenerate orbitals. (t2g and eg).
     Crystal field theory is superior to Valence bond theory.

    Superiority of CFT:
     Magnetic properties of complexes and variation with temperature are explained by
    crystal field theory.
     Crystal field theory gives the quantitative measure of the stability of complexes. It
    predicts the geometry of complexes.
     Kinetic and thermodynamics properties of some complexes are explained by crystal
    field theory.
     Crystal field theory explained d-d transitions and color of complexes.

    Fig1: Degenerate sets of orbitals of eg and t2g set

    fig:2 Detailed octahedral geometry


    3|Page

    Merits and Demerits of Crystal field theory:

    Merits of Crystal Field Theory:


     Explains the split degeneracy of d-orbitals in a complex.
     Theory does explain the color and spectra of complexes.
     Accounts for magnetic property of the complexes.
     Explains the stability of particular oxidation state in aqueous solutions.

    Demerits of Crystal Field Theory:


    Interaction of metal ligand is considered purely electrostatic.

     The crystal field theory is highly useful and more significant as compared to the VBT.
    Even after such useful properties, it has many limitations. The following points will
    clearly state the limitations of crystal field theory:
     The assumption that the interaction between metal-ligand is purely electrostatic
    cannot be said to be very realistic.

     This theory takes only d-orbitals of a central atom into account. The s and p orbits are
    not considered for the study.

     The theory fails to explain the behavior of certain metals which cause large splitting
    while others show small splitting. For example, the theory has no explanation as to
    why H2O is a stronger ligand as compared to OH–.

     The theory rules out the possibility of having p bonding. This is a serious drawback
    because is found in many complexes.

     The theory gives no significance to the orbits of the ligands. Therefore, it cannot
    explain any properties related to ligand orbitals and their interaction with metal
    orbitals.

    Why Δt is ½ of Δo?
    Initially, if we are assuming the ligands are point charges (crystal field theory) then in
    octahedral complexes, the ligands are more closely associated with the d orbitals, as shown in
    this diagram:
    4|Page

    But, in tetrahedral complexes, the ligands are not so closely associated with the d orbitals, as
    shown in this diagram:
    5|Page

    by associating the d orbitals seen in the first diagram, with the tetrahedral point charges in the
    second diagram, you can see how close the point charges are to the d orbitals in the
    octahedral case compared to tetrahedral.

    Also as otho mentioned, octahedral has 6 ligands interacting with 5 d orbitals, whereas
    tetrahedral has only 4 ligands interacting with 5 d orbitals. Octahedral has the more negative
    charge due to more electrons, therefore more repulsion.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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