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    Niels Bohr

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    Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 for his work on the structure of atoms and radiation theory. He introduced quantum theory concepts to explain atomic structure and developed the concept of complementarity to address problems in quantum physics. Bohr made many important contributions to physics through both theoretical and experimental work, and he helped develop atomic weapons during World War II before advocating for their peaceful use. He remained actively engaged in physics throughout his life.

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    Niels Bohr

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    Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 for his work on the structure of atoms and radiation theory. He introduced quantum theory concepts to explain atomic structure and developed the concept of complementarity to address problems in quantum physics. Bohr made many important contributions to physics through both theoretical and experimental work, and he helped develop atomic weapons during World War II before advocating for their peaceful use. He remained actively engaged in physics throughout his life.

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    Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 for his work on the structure of atoms and radiation theory. He introduced quantum theory concepts to explain atomic structure and developed the concept of complementarity to address problems in quantum physics. Bohr made many important contributions to physics through both theoretical and experimental work, and he helped develop atomic weapons during World War II before advocating for their peaceful use. He remained actively engaged in physics throughout his life.

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    Niels Bohr

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    mr personal
    Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 for his work on the structure of atoms and radiation theory. He introduced quantum theory concepts to explain atomic structure and developed the concept of complementarity to address problems in quantum physics. Bohr made many important contributions to physics through both theoretical and experimental work, and he helped develop atomic weapons during World War II before advocating for their peaceful use. He remained actively engaged in physics throughout his life.

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    Niels Bohr (Nobel Prize in Physics, 1922)

    Niels Henrik David Bohr was born in Copenhagen on


    October 7, 1885, as the son of Christian Bohr, Professor of
    Physiology at Copenhagen University, and his wife
    Ellen, née Adler. Niels, together with his younger brother
    Harald (the future Professor in Mathematics), grew up in an
    atmosphere most favourable to the development of his
    genius – his father was an eminent physiologist and was
    largely responsible for awakening his interest in physics
    while still at school, his mother came from a family
    distinguished in the field of education.

    After matriculation at the Gammelholm Grammar School in


    1903, he entered Copenhagen University where he came
    under the guidance of Professor C. Christiansen, a
    profoundly original and highly endowed physicist.

    While still a student, the announcement by the Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen of a prize to be
    awarded for the solution of a certain scientific problem caused him to take up an experimental and
    theoretical investigation of the surface tension by means of oscillating fluid jets. This work, which he
    carried out in his father’s laboratory and for which he received the prize offered (a gold medal), was
    published in the Transactions of the Royal Society, 1908.

    Bohr’s subsequent studies, however, became more and more theoretical in character, his doctor’s
    disputation being a purely theoretical piece of work on the explanation of the properties of the metals
    with the aid of the electron theory, which remains to this day a classic on the subject. It was in this
    work that Bohr was first confronted with the implications of Planck’s quantum theory of radiation.

    Having carried out a theoretical piece of work on the absorption of alpha rays which was published in
    the Philosophical Magazine, 1913, he passed on to a study of the structure of atoms on the basis of
    Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus. By introducing conceptions borrowed from the
    Quantum Theory as established by Planck, which had gradually come to occupy a prominent position
    in the science of theoretical physics, he succeeded in working out and presenting a picture of atomic
    structure that, with later improvements (mainly as a result of Heisenberg’s ideas in 1925), still fitly
    serves as an elucidation of the physical and chemical properties of the elements.

    Bohr also contributed to the clarification of the problems encountered in quantum physics, in
    particular by developing the concept of complementarity. Hereby he could show how deeply the
    changes in the field of physics have affected fundamental features of our scientific outlook and how
    the consequences of this change of attitude reach far beyond the scope of atomic physics and touch
    upon all domains of human knowledge. These views are discussed in a number of essays, written
    during the years 1933-1962. They are available in English, collected in two volumes with the title
    Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge and Essays 1958-1962 on Atomic Physics and Human
    Knowledge, edited by John Wiley and Sons, New York and London, in 1958 and 1963, respectively.

    Among Professor Bohr’s numerous writings (some 115 publications), three appearing as books in the
    English language may be mentioned here as embodying his principal thoughts: The Theory of Spectra
    and Atomic Constitution, University Press, Cambridge, 1922/2nd. ed., 1924; Atomic Theory and the
    Description of Nature, University Press, Cambridge, 1934/reprint 1961; The Unity of Knowledge,
    Doubleday & Co., New York, 1955.
    During the Nazi occupation of Denmark in World War II, Bohr escaped to Sweden and spent the last
    two years of the war in England and America, where he became associated with the Atomic Energy
    Project. In his later years, he devoted his work to the peaceful application of atomic physics and to
    political problems arising from the development of atomic weapons.

    Until the end, Bohr’s mind remained alert as ever; during the last few years of his life he had shown
    keen interest in the new developments of molecular biology. The latest formulation of his thoughts on
    the problem of Life appeared in his final (unfinished) article, published after his death: “Licht und
    Leben-noch einmal”, Naturwiss., 50 (1963) 72: (in English: “Light and Life revisited”, ICSU Rev., 5
    (1963) 194).

    Niels Bohr died in Copenhagen on November 18, 1962.

    (Source: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1922/bohr/biographical/)

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