 Found in the province of Apayao, Benguet,

HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND Mountain Province, and Ifugao, UNESCO has

declared the terraces a World Heritage Site.
TECHNOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES INVENTION
 Balangay or Butuan Boat is a plank boat adjoined
PRE-COLONIAL PHILIPPINES by a carved-out plank edged through pins and
dowels.
 First mentioned in the 16th century in the
PRECOLONIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOHY Chronicles of Pigafetta.
 Very littler reliable written information about  Oldest Pre-Hispanic watercraft found in the
Philippine society, culture, and technology before Philippines
the arrival of the Spaniards in 1521.
BALANGAY
 Utilize contemporary archeological findings,
accounts by early traders and foreign travelers, and  Estimated to be around 800 years old, the plank
the narratives about conditions in the archipelago vessel may be centuries older than the ships used
which were written by the first Spanish by European explorers in the 16th century when
missionaries and colonial officials. they first came upon the archipelago.
 The discovery also suggest that seafaring
STONE AGE Filipinos were much more organized and
centralized than previously thought.
 Archeological findings show that modern man
from Asian mainland first came over land on  Butuan as a major center of culture and trade.
across narrow channels to live in Batangas and
Palawan about 48,000 B.C.  Build boats for trading purposes (Spanish
 Subsequently they formed settlement in Sulu, chronicles noted refined plank-built warship called
Davao, Zamboanga, Samar, Negros, Batangas, caracoa suited for inter-island trade raids).
Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan, and Cagayan.
 (3,000 B.C) produced adzes ornaments of FOLK MEDICNES
seashells and pottery of various designs.
 Manufactured pots for about 2,000 years until it  Babaylan - a woman mystic who is "a specialist in
came into competition. the fields of culture, religion, medicine and all
kinds of theoretical knowledge about the
BRONZE TO IRON AGE phenomenon of nature.
 Made metal tools and implements copper, gold,
bronze, and, later, iron.  Albularyo - a "general practitioner" and a primary
 (Iron Age) lasted from the second or third century dispenser of healthcare, knowledgeable in the use
B.C. to tenth century A.D. of medicinal herbs.
 Excavations of Philippine grave and work sites
have yielded iron slags.  Manghihilot - uses massaging techniques to treat
sprains, fractures, and other similar conditions that
affect the skeletal system and the muscular system,
IRON AGE
including ligaments.
 Engaged in the actual extraction of iron from ore,
smelting, and refining.
 Mangtatawas - determines the cause and nature of
 Did not survive the competition with imported cast
illnesses through the use of potassium alum,
iron from Sarawak and much later, from China.
locally known in the Philippines as tawas as one of
 Weave cotton, make glass ornaments, and
the primary ingredients.
cultivate lowland rice and diked fields of terraced
fields utilizing spring water in mountain regions.
TRADING
BANAUE RICE TERRACES  Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with
Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-I
 The Banaue Terraces constitute part of the Rice
(Mindoro) with China as noted in Chinese records
Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, ancient
containing several references to the Philippines.
sprawling human-made structure from 2,000 to
 These archaeological findings indicated that
6,000 years old.
regular trade relations between the Philippines,
China and Vietnam had been well established from
the 10th century to the 15th century A.D.
 Observatory collected and made available typhoon
and climatological observations.
WRITING SYSTEM  At the end of the Spanish regime, the Philippines
 They had an alphabet, a system of writing had evolved into a primary agricultural had been
(baybayin), a method of counting and weights and made possible by some government support for
measure. They had no calendar but counted the research and education this field.
years by the period of the moon and from one
harvest to another. AMERICAN REGIME
 We have our own system of writing called
Baybayin consisting of 3 vowels and 14  Science and Technology in the Philippines advance
consonants. Baybayin came from the word rapidly during the American regime. This was made
“baybay” which means “spelling”. possible by the simultaneous government
encouragement and support for an extensive public
THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION education system;
 A thin piece of copper sheet measuring about 20 x  The granting of scholarships for higher education in
20 cm (7.9 x 7.9 inches), which was discovered science and engineering; the organization of science
around 1987. research agencies and establishment of science-
 Identified as the so-called ‘Early Kawi Script,’ a based public services.
writing system that originated in the Indonesian
island of Java, and was used across much of EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
maritime Southeast Asia during the 10th century  The Americans introduced a system of secularized
AD. public-school education as soon as civil
government was set up in the islands.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD  University of the Philippines (June 18, 1908)
 On 21st January 1901, the Philippine Commission,
 Contributed to growth of science and technology in which acted as the executive and legislative body
the country. for the Philippines until 1907, Promulgated Act no.
 The Spanish introduced formal education and 74 creating a Department of Public Instruction in
founded scientific institutions. the Philippines.
 Early years of Spanish rule, Parish schools were  Liceo de Manila (1900)
established were  Colegio Filipino (1900)
 religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music  Instituto de Manila (1913)
were taught.  Centro Escolar de Senoritas (1910)
 Sanitation and more advanced methods of  Philippine Women’s College (1919)
agriculture were taught to the natives.
 Colleges and universities in the archipelago GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
including the University of Sto. Tomas was  Bureau of Public Works (1901)
established.  Weather Bureau (1901)
 Study of medicine and biology was given priority in  Board of Health (1898)
the Spanish era, especially in the later years.  Bureau of Mines (1900)
 Bureau of Forestry (1900)
GALLEON TRADE  Bureau of Agriculture (1901)
 Trade was given more focus by the Spaniard  Bureau of Science (1905)
colonial authorities due to the prospect of big  Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey (1905)
 Bureau of Plant Industry (1929)
profits.
 Bureau of Animal Industry (1929)
 The Manilla Galleon Trade lasted for 250 years
and ended in 1815 with Mexico’s war of
independence. COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
 Successive shipwrecks of and attacks of pirates
on the galleons led declining profits from the EDUCATION
trade that led to economic depression in Manila  Abolished Grade VII as the terminal grade.
during the latter part of 17th century.  Instituted the “double-single session”

 Meteorological studies were promoted by Jesuits ECOMONY

who founded the Manila Observatory in 1865. The
 National Economic Council – to prepare an  Speed up the program for establishing one science
economic program and advise the government on high school in every province
economic and financial questions.  Pushed for the advancement of industries and
 Bureau of Mines schools into the Internet age
 Increased appropriations for the Bureaus of
Science, Plant and Animal Industry, and thereby President Gloria Arroyo
encouraged more scientific research for industrial  Dubbed as the "golden age" of science and
purposes. technology
 Numerous laws and projects concerning the
MARCOS REGIME environment and science helped push STI
 Filipinnovation
 Directed to revitalize science courses in public  Biofuels Act
high schools.
 Additional funds to funds to support projects in President Benigno Aquino
applied sciences and science education.  Conferment of 4 new National Scientist for their
 PAGASA scientific contribution
 National Academy of Science and Technology  Gavino C. Trono - extensive studies made on
 Granting of salary increases to teachers in the seaweed species helped families in the coastal
Philippines Science High School. areas.
 Enactment of law for the completion of the  Angel C. Alcala - served as the pioneer scientist
National Agriculture and Life Science Research and advocate of coral reefs aside from his
Complex at the University of the Philippines at contribution in the fields of systematics, secology,
Los Baños. and herpetology.
 Establishment of Mindanao and Visayas campuses  Ramon C. Barba - all year-round availability of
of the Philippine Science High School. mangoes was made possible through his studies on
 National Science and Technology Authority. the induction of flowering of mango and
micropropagation of important crop species.
THE FIFTH REPUBLIC  Edgardo D. Gomez - steered the national-scale
assessment of damage coral reefs which led to a
President Corazon C. Aquino national conservation program.
 National Science and Technology Authority was
replaced.
 Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988.
 Funding for S&T sector was tripled.

President Fidel V. Ramos

 3,500 scholarships were given to students taking
up S&T-related courses – Science and Technology
Scholarship Law of 1994.
 Modernization and update of science classrooms.
 Health care services were promoted through local
programs.
 National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in
Science and Technology.
 Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act
 The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines.

President Joseph Estrada

 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 – to protect and
preserve the environment and ensure the
sustainable development of the country’s natural
resources.
 Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 – outlaws
computer hacking and provides opportunities for
new businesses emerging from the Internet -
driven New Economy.