Freedom of The Human Person

Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 97

QUARTER

II
Activity: Choice mo, Choosy mo!
1. Mcdo or Jollibee?
2.Doing it now or later?
3. Watching a movie or reading a book?
4. Studying or Working?
5. Love or Career?
6. Someone you love or someone who
loves you?
What did you notice
from the activity?
What is
freedom?
• In philosophy and religion,
freedom is sometimes associated
with free will, without undue or
unjust constraints on that will,
such as enslavement. It is an idea
closely tied with the concept of
negative liberty.
Freedom
•It is referred to the power
or right to act, speak, or
think as you want without
hindrance or restraint.
How do you evaluate
and exercise prudence in
choices?
•When you are prudent, you
are not taking unnecessary
risks, and not saying or doing
things that you might later
regret.
Let’s take this!
Quiz 1
TRUE OR FALSE.
Write True if the statement is correct, and False if it is
incorrect.
______ 1. Freedom is the ability to do whatever we want.
______ 2. Freedom is the power we have over our own
actions.
______ 3. As human beings, we are responsible for all our
actions under allcircumstances.
______ 4. Freedom is absolute.
______ 5. As rational beings, it is natural for us to think before
we act.
Aristotle
•Aristotle defined man as
being a rational animal.
According to this
definition, rationality is
what separates man from
all other animals; it is
what makes them unique.
This means that we are endowed with
certain cognitive powers
•Intellect and reason, that
enable us to engage in
various cognitive operations,
such as concept formation,
judging, or reasoning
The power of volition
•The imperative quality of a judgment
of practical intellect is meaningless,
apart from will. Reason can legislate,
but only through will can its
legislation be translated into actions.
•If there is no intellect
there is no will
• Free will is not the same as freedom of action.
Freedom of action refers to things that prevent a
willed action from being realized. For example,
being in prison means you are not free to paint the
town red. Being in a straitjacket means you are not
free to wave hello. Being paralyzed means not
being able to move your limbs. These are not
issues of free will. Free will means being free to try
to escape (or not), to try to wave (or not), to try to
move your limbs (or not).
• if there is no intellect there is no will
Activity
St. Thomas Aquinas
• What is St Thomas Aquinas
philosophy?
• Thomas Aquinas, a
medieval Roman Catholic
scholar, reconciled the
political philosophy of
Aristotle with Christian
faith. In doing so, he
contended that a just ruler or
government must work for
the "common good" of all.
•What does
this quote of
Jean Paul
Sartre mean?
•J. P. Sartre believes
that man is free to
choose and
whatever choice he
makes, he must be
responsible for the
outcome.
Some choices in life
•Examples include decisions about a career
change, moving, buying or selling a house,
ending or beginning a relationship, placing
loved ones in a full-time care facility,
adopting a child, retirement and many
more. Just pondering those examples can
bring thoughts of tension and confusion.
Question
s to
ponder
•What are your prior considerations
for making those decisions?
•How do choices, consequences,
and responsibility relate with each
other?
•Why should human persons act
responsibly with their freedom?
Activity
Directions: Explain the statement in 10 sentences
only.

•Essay Writing
Major key concepts
•State of Nature
•Social Contract
•Sovereign
Jean Jacques Rousseau
•He believed
that humans possessed
a natural goodness and
that caring properly for
oneself did not exclude
concern for the welfare
of others.
According to
Rousseau
•Human beings are good by
nature but are rendered corrupt
by society.
•“Man was born free,
and everywhere he is
in chains”
•Social contract theory says
that people live together in
society in accordance with
an agreement that
establishes moral and
political rules of behavior.
•Some people believe that if
we live according to a
social contract, we can live
morally by our own choice
and not because a divine
being requires it.
Three stages described by Rousseau, are
investigated:
• (a) the state of nature, where man is free
and independent, (b) society, in which man
is oppressed and dependent on others, and
(c) the state under the Social Contract, in
which, ironically, man becomes free
through obligation; he is only independent
through dependence on law.
John Locke
What is John Locke's theory of
law?

Theorists such as the English


philosopher John Locke
believed that if a ruler goes
against natural law and fails
to protect “life, liberty, and
property,” then the people
are justified in overthrowing
the existing state.
According to Locke
•We are born into perfect freedom.
We are naturally free. We are free
to do what we want, when we
want, how we want, within the
bounds of the “law of nature.”
•Political philosopher and
social psychologist, John
Locke was an outspoken
supporter of equal rights
within a governed society.
•He espoused the natural rights
of man, namely the right to life,
liberty and property, and he
articulated that every
government's purpose is to
secure these rights for its
nationals.
•In simple terms,social contract
theory asserts that government
exists only by the consent of the
people in order to protect basic
rights and promote the common
good of society.
•Are we born with innate
knowledge?
•Or do we acquire
knowledge only through
our sensory experiences?
•Locke argues that, at birth,
the mind is a tabula rasa (a
blank slate) that we fill with
‘ideas’ as we experience the
world through the five
senses.
• John Locke, who argued that
knowledge is demonstrably
acquired only through
sensory experience, but that
our sensory experience is not
infallible.
Thomas
Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes was an
English philosopher,
scientist, and historian
best known for his
political philosophy,
especially as articulated
in his masterpiece
Leviathan (1651).
• Hobbes based his ideas on the
belief that man is inherently bad.
His idea of the state of nature, was a
state in which existed a "war of all
against all", in which human beings
constantly try to destroy each other
in a never ending pursuit of power.
What is state of nature according to
Hobbes?
•For Hobbes, the state of nature is
characterized by the “war of every man
against every man,” a constant and
violent condition of competition in which
each individual has a natural right to
everything, regardless of the interests of
others.
LEVIATHAN
A BOOK OF THOMAS HOBBES
•Hobbes’ Leviathan, which
argues that civil peace and
social unity are best achieved
by the establishment of a
commonwealth through
social contract.
•In this contract, each member of
society agrees to give up their
natural rights and transfers them
to someone else, on the
condition that everyone involved
in the contract does the same.
What is the end or goal of a
commonwealth according to Hobbes?
• Hobbes- commonwealth is then given
absolute authority to govern the people, with
the purpose of preserving peace and
preventing civil war. In his introduction,
Hobbes portrays this commonwealth as one
giant human form made up of the bodies of
its citizens, with the sovereign as its head.
•In Leviathan (1651), Hobbes argued
that the absolute power of the
sovereign was ultimately justified by
the consent of the governed, who
agreed, in a hypothetical social
contract, to obey the sovereign in all
matters in exchange for a guarantee
of peace and security.
What is the main purpose of Leviathan?
•The work concerns the structure of society
and legitimate government, and is regarded
as one of the earliest and most influential
examples of social contract theory. Written
during the English Civil War (1642–1651), it
argues for a social contract and ruled by an
absolute sovereign.
•The English philosopher Thomas
Hobbes (1588-1679) famously
leaned in the latter direction. He
argued in his book Leviathan that,
without government, life would
be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish,
and short.”
BARON DE
MONTESQUIEU
What is Baron de Montesquieu known
for?
•French political philosopher
Montesquieu was best known
for The Spirit of Laws (1748),
one of the great works in the
history of political theory and of
jurisprudence.
He is the principal source of
the theory of separation of
powers, which is
implemented in many
constitutions throughout the
world.
3 branches of Government
•Executive
•Legislative
•Judiciary
•The Framers structured the
government in this way to prevent
one branch of government from
becoming too powerful, and to create
a system of checks and balances.
Under this system of checks and
balances, there is an interplay of
power among the three branches.
Francois
Marie Arouet
•Voltaire was a French
Enlightenment writer, historian,
and philosopher, who attacked
the Catholic Church and
advocated freedom of religion,
freedom of expression, and
separation of church and state.
•Every man is guilty of all
the good he did not do.
Judge a man by his
questions rather than his
answers.
Let’s summarize
it!
Freedom and responsibility
aren't interconnected things.
They are the same thing.

-Harry Browne

You might also like