REVISION ON

THE THEORY OF TRANSLATION

I. Fill in each blank in the following sentences with one of the words/phrases below.
written word, translators, translation, render, written material, author
(1) translation .is rendering a written text into another language in the way that the
(2) author intended the text.
(3 translators are concerned with the (4) written word. They (5) render written texts from one
language into another. They are required to undertake assignments, which range from simple items, such as
birth certificates and driving licences, to more complex (6) written material, such as articles in specialised
professional journals, business contracts and legal documents.
Interpretation, Translation, linguistic code, orally, simultaneously, written
(1) Translation implies carefully analyzing the message given within the context of a particular (2)
linguistic code and transferring this message into another (3) written linguistic code.(4) Interpretation, on
the other hand, means doing the same but (5) orally and (6) simultaneously
means of speaking, orally, interpretation, interpreters
+ (1) interpretation is rendering information and ideas from one language into another language by
(2) means of speaking
+ (3) interpreters are concerned with the spoken word. They convey (4) orally whether to an
individual or a group the meaning of the spoken words, from one language to another.
rendering (x2) speech distortions omissions
In a consecutive interpreting situation, an interpreter gives a (1). rendering of lengthy passages of (2)
speech. after a party has just finished speaking. He must give a structured and accurate (3) rendering of the
meaning of the statement with no major (4) distortions of meaning, changes to the logical order of the
statement or serious (5) omissions of detail.
rendering the meaning of a text linguistic and cultural
barriers target language source language
+ Translation is the process of conveying messages across (1) linguistic and cultural barriers
+ Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language ((2) source language) by
equivalent
textual material in another language ((3) target language)
+Translation is (4) rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author
intended the text.

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 1. Kill two birds with one stone: một mũi tên trúng 2 đích
2. Boat of love, sea of passion: rơi vào bể tình
3. Streetwalker: Giang hồ, gái điếm
4. Cover girl: Người phụ nữ xuất hiện trên trang bìa báo
5. Promotion girl: nhân sự nữ
6. Hen party: bữa tiệc dành cho phụ nữ chưa có chồng
7. Dog in the manger: chó già giữ xương.
8. Dog-eat-dog: tranh giành, cạnh tranh
9. Light at the end of the tunnel: hy vọng nào đó về sự thành công sau giai đoạn khó khăn
10. Lovesick; tương tư
11. airsick; say máy bay
12. seasick: say sóng
13. carsick; say xe ô tô
14. homesick: nhớ nhà
15. lovelorn: thất tình, phụ tình
16. Diamond cut diamond: vỏ quýt dày có móng tay nhọn

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11. Light emitting diode: Đèn phát quang
12. Homebird: thích ở nhà
13. Build – Operate – Transfer: Hợp đồng xây dựng – kinh doanh – chuyển giao trong kinh tế.
14. Gaolbird: Người đi tù nhiều lần
15. Netizen: Cư dân mạng
16. Capital punishment: Án tử hình
17. Avatar: Hình đại diện
18. Lead a cat-and-dog life Là nói về cuộc sống của các cặp vợ chồng/cặp đôi thường biểu hiện
bởi những cuộc cãi cọ, đánh đập hoặc bất đồng trong cuộc sống.
19. Totem
20. Rain cats and dogs: Mưa nhứ trút nước
21. Nickname: Biệt danh
22. Penname: Bút danh
23. In the name of the law
24. Authentic
25. Fake
1. Motherland: Quê hương 11. As hungry as a horse: Đói như cào
2. Mother-in-law: Mẹ chồng 12. A white elephant: Vật đắt tiền
3. As cool as cucumber: Bình tĩnh 13. white death: Cái chết do sử dụng thuốc phiện
4. As different as chalk and cheese: Khác 1 trời 1 vực 14. White marriage: Hôn nhân không quan hệ
5. As good as gold: Cư xử tốt 15. As white as a sheet: Trắng bệch
6. As poor as a church mouse: Đói nhăn răng
7. As pleased as Punch: Rất hạnh phúc
8. As fit as a fiddle: Sức khỏe tốt
9. As quiet as tombs: Lặng như tờ
10. As old as the hills: Xưa quá là xưa
11. Human: nhân loại, loài người
12. Human species: chủng người, loài người
13. Starvation: sự chết đói
14. Malnutrition: suy dinh dưỡng
15. Food-producing capacity: năng lực sản xuất thực phẩm
16. Rapid population growth: dân số tăng nhanh
17. Enviornmental degradation: Suy thoái môi trường
18. Growing hunger: nạn đói đang tăng
19. Life-threatening cycle: chu kì đe dọa cuộc sống
20. Population policy: Chu kỳ đe dọa cuộc sống
21. Family planning: Kế hoạch hóa gia đình
22. Nation committee for population and family planning: Ủy ban dân số và kế hoạch hóa gia đình toàn
quốc
23. To avoid Pregnancy: Phòng tránh mang thai
24. Booming population: sự bùng nổ dân số
25. To carry on family name: khai sinh theo tên họ, mang họ

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11. Fishing village: làng chài
12. Out of the question: không thể xảy ra
13. Fishing rod: cần câu
14. Out of fashion: Lỗ thời
15. A big fish in a small pond: thằng chột làm vua xứ mù
16. Out of store: ra khoỉ cửa hàng
17. Like a cat on hot brick: bồn cồn lo lắng
18. Out of pocket: thua lỗ
19. To sell like hot cakes: Bán chạy như tôm tươi
20. Out of control: Ngoài tầm kiểm soát
21. To be the apple of one’s eyes: Người quan trọng trong mắt ai đó
22. To be in the police’s black book: Người mất cảm tình
23. To get the wrong end of the stick: Hiểu sai

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 Out of the frying pan into the fire: tránh vỏ dưa gặp vỏ dừa
15. Burn the candle at both ends: làm đến kiệt sức
16. Scapegoat: kẻ thế thân
17. To lead a cat-and-dog life: sống như chó với mèo
18. Rain cats and dogs: mưa như trút nước
19. Like a cat on hot bridge: hoảng sợ, lo lắng, bồn chồn
20. Dog in the manger: ích kỷ
21. Dog-eat-dog: gạt nhau để sống, giành nhau để ăn
22. Generation gap: khoảng cách thế hệ
23. Family problems: vấn đề gia đình
24. Hen party: bữa tiệc của những quý cô
25. Cock party: tiệc nấu ăn
26. Fighting cock: cao lương mỹ vị (thích ăn sơn hào hải vị)
27. Crocodile’s tears: nước mắt cá sấu (những người giả dối)
28. UNESCO; TỔ CHỨC GIÁO DỤC, KHOA HỌC VÀ VĂN HÓA LIÊN HỢP QUỐC
29. To clear one’s throat: lấy hơi
30. Learn by heart: học thuộc lòng

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II. Match an appropriate translation procedure in column A with each of the translations in column B
A B
1. Transference a. Kilt: váy kẻ caro, là trang phục truyền thống của đàn ông ở Scotland
2. Naturalisation b. Hôm qua tôi đã đi nhổ cái răng sâu rồi: I had my decaying tooth
3. Transposition pulled out.
4. Modulation c. Hat-trick: hat-trick
5. Through translation d. Champagne: sâm-panh
6. Descriptive equivalent e. LCD: màn hình tinh thể lỏng
f. That he has love affair is now common knowledge: Chuyện anh ta
ngoại tình thì bây giờ ai cũng biết.

A B
a. It is my opinion that too many people are controlled by television.
The reason for this is that they become addicted and only sit at home
1.
and watch it.
narrative
b. A few years ago I spent a week in the Dominican Republic. The
week was over and I was at the airport ready to leave when I
2.
discovered, to my dismay, that I had left one of my suitcases at my
description
hotel...
c. Oh, we got married last year. We live in Birmingham now. Look,
3.
why don’t you come up and visit us sometime? Pat would love to see
discussion
you again.
d. The film is set in America and tells the story of a young man who
4. dialogue
runs a lonely, isolated motel with his elderly mother. They live in a
large, old house next to the motel, but although we often hear their
conversations we never see the mother in person...

1.b 2.d 3.a 4.c

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A B
1. simple a. The floor of the ocean is covered with great mountain chains and deep
trenches.
2. popular b. The latest step in vertebrate evolution was the tool - making man.
c. Neuraminic acid in the form of its alkali - stable methoxy derivative was
first isolated by Klenk from gangliosides. (comprehensible only to an
3. neutral
expert).
d. The floor of the sea is covered with rows of big mountains and deep pits.
4. educated
e. A graveyard to animal and plant remains lies buried in the earth’s crust.
f. Critical path analysis is an operational research technique used in
5. technical management.

6. opaquely technical

1.d 2.a 3.e 4.b 5f 6.c

a. The consumption of nutriment is prohibited.

1. officialese
b. Eating is not allowed here.
2. official
c. You can’t feed your face here.
3. formal
d. Lay off the fucking nosh.
4. neutral
e. The consumption of any nutriments whatsoever iscategorically prohibited in
5. informal this establishment.
6. colloquial f. You are requested not to consume food in this establishment.
7. slang
g. Please don’t eat here.
8. taboo
h. Lay off the nosh.

1.a 2.e 3.f 4.b 5.g 6.c 7.h 8.d

A B

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1. a. includes an immediate, oral rendition based on a written text.
prepared translation b. is the process of listening to a speech or lecture in one
language and at a certain moment, transcribing and
2. summarizing it orally, in another language. The time lapse
sight translation between the speech and your interpretation varies.
c. involves the preparation of a translation outside of class and
it is then constructively criticized by both the students and the
teacher.
3.
consecutive interpretation d. involves the immediate, simultaneous interpretation of what
is being said into another language.

4.
simultaneous interpretation
1.c 2.a 3.b 4.d

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III. ANSWER THE QUESTION
1. What are the translation techniques suggested by Peter Newmark? Give an example about
each of them.

Transference: email (email)

Naturalisation : meeting (mít-tinh)
Cultural equivalent: distinction (tốt nghiệp loại giỏi)
Through translation: AIDS (hội chứng suy giảm miễn dịch mắc phải)
Transposition: common knowledge (điều ai cũng biết)
Modulation: I had my hair cut yesterday (Hôm qua tôi đi cắt tóc)
Functional equivalent: Uncle Sam (người Mỹ)
Descriptive equivalent: Hippy (thanh niên nổi loạn chống lại quy ước xã hội)

2. Describe the linguistic performance an interpreter needs to make during interpreting assignment.
1. Accurate
2. Faithful
3. No omissions
4. No alternations
5. No additions
6. Interpret short passages
7. Understand full
meaning
8. Repetition and clarification as necessary

3. What are the required skills and qualities for Interpreters?

1.Hearing ability (0.4 p)
It is essential that interpreters need to have acute hearing
2.Public speaking skills (0.4 p)
In any interpreting situation, an interpreter should not mumble, stutter or speak too quickly or slowly. It is
necessary to have a clear, well-modulated voice and a smooth style of delivery.
3. Conversion skills (0.4 p)
Interpreters must be able to think quickly and ‘on their feet’ 4.Memory
skills (0.4 p)
The short term memory is used to for the temporary storage of segments of speech so that they can be
decoded and re-encoded.
5.Note-taking skills (0.4 p)
An interpreter should begin to take notes as soon as one of the parties begins to speak. When taking notes,
the interpreter should take as many notes as possible to help recall the ideas spoken by speakers.

4. What are the stages in an interpreting process? Briefly describe each stage.
-The input stage: The interpreter must have excellent hearing and receive the message without interference.
-Understanding: This is the most important stage, not understanding will result in a breakdown of
communication

Deciphering: At this stage the interpreter get rids of all the words, retaining the concept, the idea
-Transference: The concept of the idea is now transferred into the other language
-Context and Culture: during the transfer stage, the meaning is clarified by cultural and contextual
considerations
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-Output 1: The interpreter finds an equivalent idiomatic expression
-Output 2: The interpreter transfers the meaning

3.What are the translation methods suggested by Peter Newmark? Put them in order from
number 1 (the lowest degree of freedom) to number 8 (the highest degree of freedom), then
divide them into two groups in terms of source language bias and target language bias.
There are eight translation methods suggested by Peter Newmark, arranged in the order from number
1 (the lowest degree of freedom) to number 8 (the highest degree of freedom) as follows.
1. Word-for-word translation
2. Literal translation
3. Faithful translation
4. Semantic translation
5. Communicative translation
6. Idiomatic translation
7. Free translation
8. Adaptation
In terms of source language bias: Word-for-word translation, Literal translation, Faithful translation,
Semantic translation
In terms of source language bias: Communicative translation, Idiomatic translation, Free translation,
Adaptation.
6. The required skills and qualities for translators

+ Language skills

+ Analytical skills

+ Cultural knowledge

+ Subject knowledge

+ Ethical behavior

+ Researching

+ Resourcing skills

+ Computer skills

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IV. Check the meaning of the word ‘face’ in the following sentences.
1. He looked at his face in the mirror.
2. Her face is all her fortune.
3. To face a lot of difficulties is what I have expected.
4. He tried to save his face in front of the public.
5. This house faces south.
Check the meaning of the word ‘play’ in the following sentences
1. We play football everyday.
2. The play we watched last night was very boring.
3. Can you press the play button?
4. He often says something in play whenever he talks to me.
5. He was ruined by play.
Check the meaning of the word ‘make’ in the following sentences.
1. What make is it?
2. We make breakfast at home.
3. She often makes tea in the morning.
4. Don’t make noise here.
5. They can make a lot of money in that business.
Check the meaning of the verb ‘run’ in the following sentences
1. He often runs a mile every morning.
2. He runs a shop
here. 3.It runs in the
family
4. I have run out of money
5. I often run into him.
Check the meaning of the word ‘do’ in Vietnamese in the following sentences
1. We do our homework every day.
2. They always do aerobics in the afternoon.
3. Dos and Don’ts
4. You should do your best to study.
5. To do or die?
V. Translate the following sentences.

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V. Check the meaning of the word ‘face’ in the following sentences.
1. He looked at his face in the mirror: -Anh ấy đã soi gương
2. Her face is all her fortune: Gương mặt của cô ấy là tất cả sự may mắn của cô ấy
3. To face a lot of difficulties is what I have expected: - Đối mặt với nhiều khó khăn
những gì tôi mong đợi.
4. He tried to save his face in front of the public: -Anh ấy cố gắng để tránh phải xuất hiện trước công chúng
5. This house faces south: -Ngôi nhà này hướng về phía Nam

Check the meaning of the word ‘play’ in the following sentences

1. We play football everyday: chúng tôi chơi bóng đá hàng ngày
2. The play we watched last night was very boring: Trận đấu mà chúng tôi chơi đêm qua rất nhàm chán
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3. Can you press the play button? Bạn có thể bật nó lên không
4. He often says something in play whenever he talks to me. -Anh ấy thường nói gì đó trong vở kịch mỗi khi
anh ấy nói chuyện với tôi.
5. He was ruined by play. – Anh ấy đã bị hủy hoại vì chơi bời.
Check the meaning of the word ‘make’ in the following sentences.
1. What make is it? Nó làm như gì.
2. We make breakfast at home. Chúng tôi làm bữa sáng ở nhà.
3. She often makes tea in the morning. Cô ấy thường pha trà vào mỗi buổi sáng
4. Don’t make noise here. Đừng làm ồn ở đây
5. They can make a lot of money in that business. Họ có thể kiếm được nhiều tiền từ doanh nghiệp đó.
Check the meaning of the verb ‘run’ in the following sentences
1. He often runs a mile every morning. Anh ấy thường chạy mỗi dặm vào mỗi sáng
2. He runs a shop here. Anh ấy kinh doanh một cửa hàng quần áo ở đây
3.It runs in the family. Nó hoạt động trong gia đình
4. I have run out of money. Tôi đã hết tiền
5. I often run into him. Tôi thường gặp anh ấy
Check the meaning of the word ‘do’ in Vietnamese in the following sentences
1. We do our homework every day: chúng tôi làm bài tập về nhà hàng ngày
2. They always do aerobics in the afternoon: Họ luôn tập thể dục vào mỗi chiều
3. Dos and Don’ts: nên làm và không nên làm
4. You should do your best to study: bạn nên cố gắng học tập tốt
5. To do or die? Bắt buộc phải làm

VI. Translate the following sentences.

1. It’s a skeleton in the cupboard: xuất xứ từ thời xa xưa
2. Anh ta chỉ được cái tốt mã thôi.
3. Nowhere can you find such a blabbermouth like him: không nơi nào cô ấy có thể tìm thấy một người
đàn ông tốt bụng như anh ấy.
-Không nơi nào bạn có thể tìm thấy một người đàn ông tốt như anh ấy
1. Ngưu tầm ngưu, mã tầm mã: Birds of a feather flock together.
The apple doesn’t fall for from the tree.
5. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
6. Nó là một thành viên bất hảo trong gia đình: - It is undesirable member of family
7. It’s a matter of life and death: vấn đề sống còn
8. Yêu ai yêu cả đường đi. Ghét ai ghét cả tông chi họ hàng: -love me love my dog
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9. Đây là một vấn đề tối mật: this is a confidental issue
10. Yesterday he said that he would always be in love with her: hôm qua tôi đã ngỏ lời cầu hôn với cô ấy.
11. Hôm qua tôi đã ngỏ lời cầu hôn với cô ấy rồi: Yesterday, I made an offer of marriage her.

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