Solution

MATHEMATICS (041)

Class 11 - Mathematics
Section A
1. (d) (x: x ≠ x ).

Explanation: (x: x ≠ x ). x is not equal to x is null set as it refers to there is no element in the set.And it also representing the
set builder form pattern
2. (a) {12n + 6 : n is a natural number}

Explanation: {12n + 6 : n is a natural number}

3. (b) 219

Explanation: n(A) = 4, n(B) = 2

n(A × B) = 8

∴  N umber of  subsets having at least 3 elements

8 8 8
= 2 − (1 + C1 + C2 ) = 219

4. (d) 10π  cm

Explanation:

Let O be the centre of the circle and AB be the chord.

Then, OA = OB = AB = 30 cm.

∴  △OAB is an equilateral triangle and therefore each of its angles is 60°.

c c
π π
∴ θ = ∠AOB = 60
∘
= (60 ×
180
) = (
3
)  and r = 30cm.

∴ l = rθ = (30 ×
π

3
) cm  = (10π ) cm.

5. (b) 2x, 1

2x

Explanation: We have,

sec x = x +
1

4x

⇒  sec2 x = x2 + 1

2
+
1

16x

⇒  1 + tan2 x = 1 + x2 + 1

2
−
1

16x
2

⇒  tan2 x  = (x − 1

4x
)

∴  tan x = ± (x − 1

4x
)

1 1 1 1
⇒  sec x - tan x = (x + 4x
 
) − (x +
4x
)  or (x + 4x
 
) − [− (x −
4x
)]

1
=
2x
 or 2x
−2
6. (c) ( 29
−
5

29
i)

Explanation: z = (-2 + 5i) ⇒  z-1 =   = 

(−2−5i) (−2−5i) (−2−5i) (−2−5i)
1

z
1
× =  2
=  =  29

(−2+5i) (−2−5i) (4−25i ) (4+25)

⇒  z-1 = ( −2

29
−
5

29
i)

7. (d) 4

2
1+i 1+i 1+i (1+i) 1−1+2i 2i
Explanation: 1−i
 =  1−i
⋅
1+i
 =  1+1
=
1+1
=
2
 = i

 = in 

1+i
∴ (   1−i
)

We have i4 = 1 which is positive.

Hence the least value of n is 4.

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 8. (d) x ∈ (10, ∞)

Explanation: - 3x + 17 < - 13

⇒  - 3x + 17 - 17 < - 13 - 17

⇒  - 3x < - 30

−3x −30
⇒
−3
>
−3

⇒ x > 10

⇒ x ∈ (10, ∞)

9. (d) 9000

Explanation: Clearly, 0 cannot be placed at the thousands place.

So, this place can be filled in 9 ways.

Each of the hundreds, tens and units digits can be filled in 10 ways,

∴  required number of numbers = (9 × 10 × 10 × 10)  = 9000.

10. (d) 121

Explanation: We have,  1

9!
+
1

10!
=
x

11!

x
⇔
1

9!
+
1

10×9!
=
11×10×9!

⇔  1 +  10
1
=
x

110

⇒ x = 121
11. (c) 11

10

Explanation: Therefore,the expansion of (3x − 5

y
)  has 11 terms.

For (x+a)n  , number of terms =n+1

n=10 hence terms is 10+1=11.

12. (d) a = b = c

Explanation: According to the given conditions,

a, b, c are in A. P. and also in G. P.

⇒  A. M. = G. M.

⇒  Equality occurs in A.M. ≥  G. M.

⇒  a = b = c

13. (c) None of these

Explanation: We have, an = 128, Sn = 225 and r = 2

an = 128

∴  ar(n-1) = 128

⇒  2(n-1) a = 128

n
2 a
⇒
2
 = 128

⇒ 2
n
=
256

a
 ....(i)

Also, Sn = 225

n
r −1
⇒ a(
r−1
)  = 225

n
2 −1
⇒ a(
2−1
)  = 225

256
⇒ a(
a
− 1)  = 225 [Using (i)]

⇒  256 - a = 225

⇒  a = 256 - 225

⇒  a = 31, which is the required first term.

14. (a) (1, 1)

Explanation: The equation of the line perpendicular to the given line is x - y + k = 0

Since it passes through the origin, 

0 - 0 + k = 0

Therefore, k = 0

Hence the equation of the line is x - y = 0

On solving these two equations we get x = 1 and y = 1

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 The point of intersection of these two lines is (1, 1)

Hence the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular is (1, 1)

15. (a) 90°

Explanation: Let m1 and m2 be the slope of the lines 2x - y + 3 = 0 and x + 2y + 3 = 0, respectively.

Let θ be the angle between them.

Here,

m1 = 2 and m2 = - 
1

∴  m1m2 = -1

Therefore, the angle between the given lines is 90° , as it satisfy the condition of product of slopes of two lines is -1.
a b
16. (d) ( 2
,
2
)

Explanation:

Let O = (0, 0), A = (a, 0) and B = (0, b).

⇒ △OAB is a right angled triangle

⇒ Centre = mid point of AB = ( a

2
,
b

2
)

17. (b) 10

Explanation: Given, 16x2  + 25y2 = 400 [given]

2 2
y
⇒
x

25
+
16
= 1

Now, PF1 + PF2 = Major axis = 2a [where, a = 5}

= 2 × 5 = 10
18. (c) 16

Explanation: The given equation can be written as (x - 4)2 = y - (c - 16). Therefore the vertex of the parabola is (4, c - 16).
Since, the point lies on x-axis.

⇒ c - 16 = 0

⇒ c = 16

19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Both Assertion and reason are true because R defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}  by R = {(a, b) : |a2 - b2 | < 9}

For example: |12 - 22| = 3 < 9 so (1 ,2) ∈ R and this condition is true for the remaining element of R.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Assertion:

11x - 9 ≤ 68

11x ≤ 77

x ≤ 7

x ∈ E

x ∈ [−∞ , 7]

hence, Assertion is true,

Reason is also true A correct explanation or Assertion.

Section B
π
21. We know that, Angle in radians = Angle in degrees × 180

Also, θ = 1

r
where θ is central angle, l = length of arc, r = radius

Now,

1
θ=
r
and r = 0.5 × diameter
=
16.5

30
radians

θ in degrees = 16.5

30
×
180

π
=
16.5

30
×
180
=
16.5

30
×
180×7

22
=
20790

660
∘
= 31.5

22/7

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 θ in minutes = 0.5 × 60 = 30'

Therefore angle subtended at the center is = 31° 30'

22. Given digits are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 0.

Any number between 400 and 1000 will be of three digits.

Now, the number should be greater than 400.

So hundred’s place can be filled up by anyone of the digits 4, 5 and 6 in 3 ways.

∴ k = 3

Remaining two places can be filled up by the remaining five digits in 5P2 ways.

5!
Hence, required numbers 3 × 5
P2 = 3 ×
3!
= 60
OR
Here, the total number of words will be equal to the number of ways of filling 4 vacant places by the 4 letters of the word ROSE.
i. When the repetition of the letters is not allowed

Here, vacant places are 4

First place can be filled by anyone of the 4 letters.

∴ Number of ways of filling first place = 4

Now, second place can be filled by anyone of the remaining 3 letters.

Number of ways of filling second place = 3

Similarly, third place can be filled by anyone of the remaining 2 letters and fourth place is filled by the last letter.

∴ Number of ways of filling third place = 2

and number of ways of filling fourth place = 1

Since each place can be filled after filling the previous place.

So, by FPM, the required number of ways

= 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24

ii. When the repetition of the letters is allowed

Here, out of 4 vacant places, each place can be filled by 4 letters. So, each place can be filled in succession anyone of 4
different ways.

∴ the required number of ways

= 4 × 4 × 4 × 4

= 256 ways

Hence, a number of 4 letters word is 24 when repetition is not allowed and 256 when repetition is allowed.
23. Here,it is given that 2nd term = ar2-1 = ar1 and 5th term = ar5-1 = ar4

Dividing the 5th term using the 3rd term,we get

r3 = -
4
ar

ar
=
−1
16
⇒
1

8
⇒ r=- 1

2
and a = 1

As we know that

n
r −1
Sn = a r−1
, when |r| < 1

−1 8
(1− ( ) )
2

Sn = 1 × −1

1−
2
1
(1− )
170
Sn = 1 × Sn =

256
⇒
3 256

Therefore ,the sum of nth term of G.P. is 170

256

24. Given points are (a, b) and (a + c sin α , b + c cosα )

Here, (x1, y1) ≡ (a, b)

(x2, y2) ≡ (a + c sin α , b + c cosα )

Therefore, the equation of the line passing through the two given points is,

y2 − y1
y - y1 = x2 − x1
(x − x1 )

b+c cos α−b

⇒ y-b= a+c sin α−a
(x − a)

⇒ y - b = cot α (x - a)
OR

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 Therefore required equation of the line joining the points (6, 8) and (-3, -2) is

−2−8
y-8= −3−6
(x − 6)

⇒ 10x - 9y + 12 = 0

Suppose 10x - 9y + 12 = 0 divide the line joining the points (2, 3) and (4, -5) at point P in the ratio k : 1

4k+2 −5k+3
∴ P≡( k+1
,
k+1
)

P lies on the line 10x - 9y + 12 = 0

4k+2 −5k+3
∴ 10 (
k+1
) − 9(
k+1
) + 12 = 0

⇒ 40k + 20 + 45k - 27 + 12k + 12 = 0

⇒ 97k + 5 = 0

−5
⇒ k= 97

Therefore, the line joining the points (2, 3) and (4, -5) is divided by the line passing through the points (6, 8) and (-3, -2) in the
ratio -5 : 97 externally.
25. Given equation of the circle is 2x2 + 2y2 - 3x + 15 = 7

x2 + y2 -
3 5 7
⇒
2
x +
2
y −
2
= 0

⇒ Centre = (a, -b)

−− −−−− −−−
⇒ Radius = √a 2 2
+ b − c

−3 5
−( ) −( )

Centre = (

2 2
⇒ , )
2 2

−5
⇒ Centre = ( 3

4
,
4
)

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
−7
⇒ Radius = √( 3

4
) + (−
5

4
) − (
2
)

−−−−−−−−−−
⇒ Radius = √ 9

16
+
25

16
+
7

−−
⇒ Radius = √ 90

16

3√10
=
4

−5 3√10
Therefore, centre and radius of the circle are ( 3

4
,
4
)  and 
4
.
Section C
26. The equivalent contrapositive statement of x ∈ S ⇒ x ∈ P is x ∉ P ⇒ x ∉ S.

Now, we have to prove the above contrapositive statement by contradiction method

Suppose x ∉ P

⇒ x is a composite number

Suppose that x ∈ S

⇒ 2x – 1 = m(where m is a prime number)

⇒ 2x = m + 1

Which is not true for all composite number, say for x = 4 because

24 = 16 which can not be equal to the sum of any prime number m and 1.

Therefore ,we arrive at a contradiction

⇒ x ∉ S.

Therefore ,when x ∉ P, we arrive at x ∉ S

Thus , S ⊂ P.

5 / 15
 OR
It is given that:
n(S) = 21 , n(T) = 32 , n(S n T) = 11
We know that:
n (SUT) = n (S) + n (T) - n (Sn T)
.. n(SUT)= 21 + 32 - 11 = 42
27. Here f (x) = x2

At x = 1.1

f(1.1) = (1.1)2 = 1.21

f (1) = (1)2 = 1

f (1.1)−f (1) 1.21−1 0.21

∴ = = = 2.1
(1.1−1) 0.1 0.1

28. Given, z1 = 3 + i and z2 = 1 + 4i

Now, z1 - z2 = (3 + i) - (1 + 4i) = 2 - 3i

−−−−−−−−−−
2
∴ |z1 − z2 | = |2 − 3i| = √(2) + (−3)
2

−−−− −−
= √4 + 9 = √13 = 3.60 ...(i)

As z1 = 3 + i

−− −−−− −−
2
⇒ |z1 | = √3 + 1
2
= √10 and

z2 = 1 + 4i

−− −−−− −−
2 2
⇒ |z2 | = √1 + 4 = √17

−− −−
∴ |z1 | − |z2 | = √10 − √17 = 3.16 - 4.12 = - 0.96 ...(ii)

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

|z1 − z2 | > |z1 | − |z2 |

29. (x + 1)6 + (x - 1)6 == [ 6 6 6 5

C0 x + C1 x + C2 x + C3 x + C4 x + C5 x+ C6 ]
6 4 6 3 6 2 6 6

6 6 6 5 6
+ [ C0 x + C1 x (−1)+ C2 x (−1) + C3 x (−1) + C4 x (−1) + C5 x(−1) + C6 (−1) ]
4 2 6 3 3 6 2 4 6 5 6 6

= [x6 + 6x5 + 15x4 + 20x3 + 15x + 6x + 1] + [x6 - 6x5 + 15x4 - 20x3 + 15x2 - 6x + 1]

= 2x6 + 30x4 + 30x2 + 2

= 2(x6 + 15x4 + 15x2 + 1)

–
Putting x = √2

– – – 6 – 4 – 2
6 6
(√2 + 1) + (√2 − 1) = 2[(√2) + 15(√2) + 15(√2) + 1]

= 2 [8 + 15 × 4 + 15 × 2 + 1]

= 2 [8 + 60 + 30 + 1]

= 2 × 99 = 198

OR
6
Using binomial theorem for the expansion of (x + 1

x
) we have

6 2 3
(x +
1

x
) == 6 6
C0 (x) + C1 (x)
6 5
(
1

x
6
) + C2 (x) (
4 1

x
6
) + C3 (x) (
3 1

x
)

6
1 4 1 5 1
6
+ C4 (x) (
2
x
) + C5 (x)(
6
x
) + C6 (
6

6
)

1 1 1 1 1 1
= x
6
+ 6 ⋅ x
5
⋅
x
+ 15 ⋅ 4x
4
⋅
2
+ 20 ⋅ x
3
⋅
3
+ 15 ⋅ x
2
⋅
4
+ 6 ⋅ x ⋅
5
+
6

x x x x x

6 4 2 15 6 1
= x + 6x + 15x + 20 + + +
2 4 6
x x x

30. Let the two positive numbers be a and b

a+b −
−
Therefore A = 2
and G = √ab
−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−− −−−−
Now, A ± √(A + G)(A − G) 2
= A ± √A − G
2

−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2
a+b a+b −−
= 2
± √( ) − (√ab )
2
2

−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
a+b a + b +2ab
= 2
± √
4
− ab
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
a+b a + b +2ab−4ab
= 2
± √
4
−−−−−
2
a+b (a−b) a+b a−b
= 2
± √
4
=
2
±
2

a+b a−b a+b a−b

= 2
+
2
and 2
−
2

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 a+b+a−b a+b−a+b
= 2
and 2

= 2a

2
= a and 2b

2
= b

OR
Let a and b be the roots of required quadratic equation.

a+b
Then A.M. = 2
= 8

a + b = 16

−−
And G.M. = √ab = 5

⇒ ab = 25

Now, Quadratic equation x2 - (Sum of roots) x + (Product of roots) = 0

⇒ x2 - (a + b)x + ab = 0

⇒ x2 - 16x + 25 = 0

Therefore, required equation is x2 - 16x + 25 = 0

31. The foci (0,± 6) lie on y-axis.

2 2
x y
So the equation of ellipse in standard form is 2
+
2
= 1]

b a

Now length of minor axis 2b = 16 ⇒ b = 8

foci (0, ±c) is (0,± 6) ⇒ c = 6

We know that c = a − b
2 2 2

∴ (6)2 = a2 - (8)2 ⇒ a2 = 36 + 64 = 100

Thus equation of required ellipse is

2 2
x y
+ = 1
64 100

Section D
32. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A survey is conducted by a career counsellor in a college to find career choice of students after the Intermediate. There are 100
students that goes for Engineering Courses, 50 wants to make their career in Medical, 100 students continue their further study in
Arts. There are 10 students that go for both Engineering and Medical, and 3 goes for Medical and Arts. There are 3 students that
do not go for any further studies.

(i) Let A set denotes Engineering, B set denotes Medical and C set denotes Art. Draw the Venn's diagram for the given
situation.

7 / 15
 Region I, II, IV, V, and VII shows the student that goes for Engineering or Arts. So, the required number of students is
200.
(ii) Let A set denotes Engineering, B set Medical and C set Art. Draw the Venn's diagram for the given situation.

The region VI shows the student that goes for both Medical and Arts. So, n(B ∩ C) = 3.
(iii)Let A set denotes Engineering, B set denotes Medical and C set denotes Art. Draw the Venn's diagram for the given
situation.

So, the number of students that goes for only engineering course are 90.
(iv)Let A set denotes Engineering, B set denotes Medical and C set denotes Art. Draw the Venn's diagram for the given
situation.

Total number of students is the sum of elements in all the regions. So, the total number of students are 240.
33. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A parking lot in an IT company is triangular shaped with two of its vertices at B (1, 0) and C (2, 2). The third vertex A is at the
midpoint of the line joining the points (4, -2) and (2, 4).

8 / 15
 (i) B = (1, 0) and C = (2, 2)

y2 − y1 2−0
Slope of line BC is x2 − x1
=
2−1
=
2

1
= 2 = m

Equation of line in one point form

y - y1 = m(x - x1)

⇒ y - 0 = 2(x - 1)

⇒ 2x - y = 2

(ii) A is the mid point of line segment joining (4, -2) and (2, 4)

4+2 −2+4
A=( 2
,
) (
2
) = (3, 1)

A = (3, 1) and B = (1, 0)

y −y 0−1 −1
slope of line AB is 2

x2 − x1
1
= 1−3
=
−2
=
1

2
= m

Equation of line in one point form

y1 = m(x - x1)

⇒ y-1= 1

2
(x − 3)

⇒ 2y - 2 = x - 3

⇒ x - 2y = 1

(iii)A is the mid-point of line segment joining (4, -2) and (2, 4)

4+2 −2+4
A=( 2
,
) (
2
) = (3, 1)

A = (3, 1)

Slope line 2x - y = 2 is 2

−1
required line is perpendicular to 2x - y = 2. hence slope of required line= m = 2
​

Equation of line in slope point form

y - y1 = m(x - x1)

−1
⇒ y-1= 2
(x − 3)

⇒ 2y - 2 = -x + 3

⇒ x + 2y = 5

(iv)A is the mid-point of line segment joining (4, -2) and (2, 4)

4+2 −2+4
A=( 2
,
) (
2
) = (3, 1)

A = (3, 1), B = (1, 0) and C = (2, 2)

3
mid-point of BC is D( 2
, 1)

y −y 1−1
slope of line AD = m = 2

x2 − x1
1
=
3
=
0

3
= 0

−3 −
2 2

Equation of line in one point form

y - y1 = m(x - x1)

⇒ y - 1 = 0(x - 3)

⇒ y = 1

34. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Indian track and field athlete Neeraj Chopra, who competes in the Javelin throw, won a gold medal at Tokyo Olympics. He is the
first track and field athlete to win a gold medal for India at the Olympics.

9 / 15
 (i) The path traced by Javelin is parabola. A parabola is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed line
and a fixed point (not on the line) in the plane.

compare x2 = -16y with x2 = -4ay

⇒ - 4a = -16

⇒ a = 4

coordinates of focus for parabola x2 = -4ay is (0, -a)

⇒ coordinates of focus for given parabola is (0, -4)

(ii) compare x2 = -16y with x2 = -4ay

⇒ -4a = -16

⇒ a = 4

Equation of directrix for parabola x2 = -4ay is y = a

⇒ Equation of directrix for parabola x2 = -16y is y = 4

Length of latus rectum is 4a = 4 × 4 = 16

(iii)​Equation of parabola with axis along y - axis

x2 = 4ay

which passes through (5, 2)

⇒ 25 = 4a × 2

⇒ 4a =
25

hence required equation of parabola is

2 25
x =
2

⇒ 2x2 = 25y

Equation of directrix is y= -a

Hence required equation of directrix is 8y + 25 = 0.

(iv)Since the focus (2,0) lies on the x-axis, the x-axis itself is the axis of the parabola.

Hence the equation of the parabola is of the form either y2 = 4ax or y2 = -4ax.

Since the directrix is x = -2 and the focus is (2,0), the parabola is to be of the form y2 = 4ax with a = 2.

Hence the required equation is y2 = 4(2)x = 8x

length of latus rectum = 4a = 8

OR
Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A satellite dish has a shape called a paraboloid, where each cross section is parabola. Since radio signals (parallel to axis) will
bounce off the surface of the dish to the focus, the receiver should be placed at the focus. The dish is 12 ft across, and 4.5 ft deep

10 / 15
 at the vertex.

(i) Given curve is a parabola

Equation of parabola is x2 = 4ay

It passes through the point (6, 4.5)

⇒ 36 = 4 × a × 4.5

⇒ 36 = 18a

⇒ a = 2

Equation of parabola is x2 = 8y
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
(ii) Distance between focus and vertex is = a = √(4 − 4) 2
+ (5 − 3)
2
= 2

Equation of parabola is (y - k)2 =

4a(x - h)

where (h, k) is vertex

⇒ Equation of parabola with vertex (3, 4) & a = 2

⇒ (y - 4)2 = 8(x - 3)​​​

(iii)Equation of parabola with axis along x - axis

y2 = 4ax

which passes through (2, 3)

⇒ 9 = 4a × 2

9
⇒ 4a = 2

hence required equation of parabola is

2 9
y =
2

⇒ 2y2 = 9x

Hence length of latus rectum = 4a = 4.5

(iv)x2 = 8y

a = 2

Focus of parabola is (0, 2)

length of latus rectum is 4a = 4 × 2 =8

Equation of directrix y + 2 =0
Section E
35. Let,

n(P) denote the total number of television viewers,

n(F) denotes the number of people who watch football,

n(H) be the number of people who watch hockey and

n(B) be the number of people who watch basketball

Then, n(P) = 500, n(F) = 285, n(H) = 195, n(B) = 115, n(F∩B) = 45, n(F∩H) = 70, n(H∩B) = 50 and n(F∪H∪B) = 50

Now,

n (F ∪ H ∪ B) = n(P ) − n(F ∪ H ∪ B)

⇒ 50 = 500 - (n(F) + n(H) + n(B) - n(F ∩ H) −n(H ∩ B) − n(F ∩ B) + n(F ∩ H ∩ B))

⇒ 50 = 500 - {285 + 195 + 115 - 70 - 50 - 45 + n(F ∩ H ∩ B)}

⇒ 50 = 70 - n(F

∩ H ∩ B)

⇒ n(F ∩ H ∩ B) = 70 - 50 = 20

Hence, 20 people watch all the 3 games.

Number of people who watch only football

= 285 - (50 + 20 + 25)

= 285 - 95

11 / 15
= 190

Number of people who watch only hockey

= 195 - (50 + 20 + 30)

= 195 - 100

= 95

Number of people who watch only basketball

= 115 - (25 + 20 + 30)

= 115 - 75

= 40

Number of people who watch exactly one of the three games

= number of people who watch either football only or hockey only or basketball only

= 195 + 95 + 40 = 325
OR
Given: Total number of students = 100

Number of students studying English(E) only = 18

Number of students learning English but not Hindi(H) = 23

Number of students learning English and Sanskrit(S) = 8

Number of students learning Sanskrit and Hindi = 8

Number of students learning English = 26

Number of students learning Sanskrit = 48

Number of students learning no language = 24

To Find:
i. Number of students studying Hindi

Venn diagram:

From the above Venn diagram,

a = Number of students who study only English = 18

b = Number of students who study only Sanskrit

c = Number of students who study only Hindi

d = Number of students learning Hindi and Sanskrit but not English

e = Number of students learning English and Sanskrit but not Hindi

f = Number of students learning Hindi and English but not Sanskrit

g = Number of students learning all the three languages

e + g = Number of students learning English and Sanskrit = 8

= n(E ∩ S)

g + d = Number of students learning Hindi and Sanskrit = 8

= n(H ∩ S)

E = a + e + f + g = Number of students learning English

26 = 18 + 8 + f

f = 26 -26 = 0

Therefore, f = 0

Now,

Number of students learning English but not Hindi = a + e = 23

23 = 18 + e

Therefore, e = 5

Now, e + g = 8

5 + g = 8

Therefore, g = 3

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 S = b + e + d + g = Number of students studying Sanskrit

48 = b + 5 + 8 (Because, d + g = 8)

b = 48 - 13

Therefore, b = 35 (Number of students studying Sanskrit only)

Also, d + g = 8

d + 3 = 8

Therefore, d = 5

Now,

Number of students studying Hindi only = c

c = 100 - (a + e + b + d + f + g) - 24

= 100 - (18 + 5 + 35 + 5 + 0 + 3) -24

= 100 - 66 - 24

= 100 - 90 = 10

Number of students studying Hindi = c + f + g + d

= 10 + 0 + 3 + 5 = 18

Therefore, number of students studying Hindi = 18

ii. Number of students studying English and Hindi both

Number of students studying English and Hindi both = f + g

= 0 + 3 = 3

Therefore, the number of students studying English and Hindi both = 3

36. We have to prove that sin 5x = 5 cos4x sin x - 10 cos2x sin3 x + sin5 x.

Let us consider LHS

sin 5x = sin(3x + 2x)

But we know,

sin(x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y ... (i)

⇒ sin 5x = sin 3x cos 2x + cos 3x sin 2x

⇒ sin 5x = sin (2x + x) cos 2x + cos (2x + x) sin 2x ... (ii)

And

cos (x + y) = cos(x)cos(y) - sin(x)sin(y) ... (iii)

Now substituting equation (i) and (iii) in equation (ii), we get

⇒ sin 5x = (sin 2x cos x + cos 2x sin x )(cos 2x) + ( cos 2x cos x - sin 2x sin x) (sin 2x) ... (iv)

Now sin 2x = 2sin x cos x ... (v)

And cos 2x = cos2x - sin2x ... (vi)

Substituting equation (v) and (vi) in equation (iv), we get

⇒ sin 5x =[(2 sin x cos x)cos x + (cos2x - sin2x)sin x]( cos2x - sin2x) + [( cos2x - sin2x)cos x - (2 sin x cos x) sin x)]( 2 sin x cos
x)

⇒ sin 5x =[2 sin x cos2 x + sin xcos2x - sin3x]( cos2x - sin2x) + [cos3x - sin2xcos x - 2 sin2 x cos x]( 2 sin x cos x)

⇒ sin 5x =cos2x[3 sin x cos2 x - sin3x] - sin2x[3 sin x cos2 x - sin3x] + 2 sin x cos4x - 2 sin3 x cos2 x - 4 sin3 x cos2 x

⇒ sin 5x = 3 sin x cos4 x - sin3xcos2x - 3 sin3 x cos2 x - sin5x + 2 sin x cos4x - 2 sin3 x cos2 x - 4 sin3 x cos2 x

⇒ sin 5x = 5 sin x cos4 x - 10sin3xcos2x + sin5x

LHS = RHS

Hence proved.
OR
LHS = sin 30° (sin 10° sin 50°) sin 70°

⇒ LHS = (sin 50° sin 10°) sin 70°

2
1 1
⇒ LHS = 2
×
2
(2 sin 50° sin 10°) sin 70°

⇒ LHS = 1

4
{(2 sin 50° sin 10°) sin 70°}

⇒ LHS = 1

4
[{cos (50° - 10°) - cos (50° + 10°)} sin 70°] [∵ 2 sin A sin B = cos (A - B) - cos (A + B)]

⇒ LHS = 1

4
[(cos 40° - cos 60°) sin 70°]

⇒ LHS = 1

4
{sin 70° cos 40° - sin 70° cos 60°}

⇒ LHS = 1

4
{sin 70° cos 40° - 1

2
sin 70°}

13 / 15
 ⇒ LHS = 1

8
{2 sin 70° cos 40° - sin 70°}

⇒ LHS = 1

8
{sin (70° + 40°) + sin (70° - 40°) - sin 70°} [∵ 2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A - B)]

⇒ LHS = 1

8
{sin 110° + sin 30° - sin 70°}

⇒ LHS = 1

8
{sin (180° - 70°) + sin 30° - sin 70°}

⇒ LHS = 1

8
{sin 70° + 1

2
- sin 70°} [∵ sin (180 - x) = sin x]

⇒ LHS = = 1

8
×
1

2
=
1

16
= RHS
37. To find: Expand of (1 + 2x - 3x2)4

Formula used: C = n

r
n!

(n−r)!(r)!

(a + b)n = n
C0 a
n
+
n
C1 a
n−1
b +
n
C2 a
n−2 2
b +…… +
n
Cn−1 ab
n−1
+
n
Cn b
n

We have, (1 + 2x - 3x2)4

Let (1 + 2x) = a and (-3x2) = b … (i)

Now the equation becomes (a + b)4

4
⇒ [ C0 (a)
4−0
] + [ C1 (a)
4 4−1 1
(b ) ] + [ C2 (a)
4 4−2 2
(b ) ] + [ C3 (a)
4 4−3 3
(b ) ] + [ C4 (b ) ]
4 4

4 4 4 3 1
⇒ [ C0 (a) ] + [ C1 (a) (b) ] + [ C2 (a) (b) ] + [ C3 (a)(b) ] + [ C4 (b) ]
4 2 2 4 3 4 4

(Substituting value of b from eq. i)

4! 4! 1 4! 2
⇒ [
0!(4−0)!
4
(a) ] + [
1!(4−1)!
 (a) 
3
(−3x ) ] + [
2

2!(4−2)!
2
(a) (−3x ) ]
2

3 4
+[
4!
(a)(−3x ) ] + [
2 4!
(−3x ) ]
2

3!(4−3)! 4!(4−4)!

⇒ [1(1 + 2x)4] - [4(1 + 2x)3(3x2)] + [6(1 + 2x2)(9x4)] - [4(1 + 2x)(27x6)3] + [1(81x8)4] ..... (ii)

We need the value of a4, a3 and a2, where a = (1+2x)

For (1+2x)4, Applying Binomial theorem

(1 + 2x)14 = 4
C0 (1)
4−0
+
4
C1 (1)
4−1
(2x)
1
+ C2 (1)
4 4−2
(2x)
2 4
+ C3 (1)
4−3 3
(2x) + C4 (2× )
4 4

⇒
4!
(1)
4
+
4!
(1) (2x)
3 1
+
4! 2
(1) (2x)
2

0!(4−0)! 1!(4−1)! 2!(4−2)!

+
4!
(1)(2x)
3
+
4!
(2x)
4

3!(4−3)! 4!(4−4)!

= [1] + [4(1)(2x)] + [6(1)4x2)] + [6(1)(4x2)] + [4(1)(8x3)] + [1(16x4)]

= 1 + 8x + 24x2 + 32x3 + 16x4

We have (1+2x)4 = 1 + 8x + 24x2 + 32x3 + 16x4 … (iii)

For (a+b)3 , we have formula a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2

For, (1+2x)3 , substituting a = 1 and b = 2x in the above formula

= 13 + (2x)3 + 3(1)2(2x) + 3(1) (2x) 2

= 1 + 8x3 + 6x + 12x2

= 8x3 + 12x2 + 6x + 1 … (iv)

For (a+b)2 , we have formula a2+2ab+b2

For, (1+2x)2 , substituting a = 1 and b = 2x in the above formula

= (1)2 + 2(1)(2x) + (2x)2

= 1 + 4x + 4x2

= 4x2 + 4x + 1 … (v)

Putting the value obtained from eqn. (iii),(iv) and (v) in eqn. (ii)

= 1(1 + 8x + 24x2 + 32x3 - 16x4) - 4(8x3 + 12x + 6x + 1)(3x2)

+ 6 (4x2 + 4x + 1)(9x4) - 4(1 + 2x)(27x6)3 + 1(81x8)

= 1(1 + 8x + 24x2 + 32x3 + 16x4) - 4(24x5 + 36x4 + 18x3 + 3x2)

+ 6(36x6 + 36x5 + 9x4) - 4(27x6 + 54x7) + 81x8)

= 1 + 8x + 24x2 + 32x3 + 16x4 - 96x5 - 144x4 - 72x3 - 12x2 + 216x6 + 216x5 + 54x4 -108x6 - 216x7 + 81x8

On rearranging

= 81x8 - 216x7 + 108x6 + 120x5 - 74x4 - 40x3 + 12x2 +8x+ 1

14 / 15
38. Equation of the line passing through (a cos α,  asin α) and (a cos β, a sin β) is

asin β −asin α
y − asin α =
acos β −acos α
(x − acos α)

sin β −sin α
⇒ y − a sin α =
cos β −cos α
(x − acos α)

β +α β −α
2 cos( ) sin( )
2 2

⇒ y − a sin α =
β +α α−β
(x − acos α)

2 sin( ) sin( )
2 2

β +α
⇒ y − a sin α = − cot(
2
)(x − acos α)

α+β
⇒ y − a sin α = − cot(
2
)(x − acos α)

α+β α+β
⇒ x cot(
2
) + y − asin α − acos α cot(
2
) = 0

The distance of the line from the origin is

∣ α+β
∣
−a sin α−a cos α cot( )
∣ 2 ∣
d = ∣ ∣

α+β
∣ 2 ∣
√cot ( )+1
2
∣ ∣

∣ α+β
∣
asin α+acos α cot( )
∣ 2
∣
⇒ d = ∣ ∣ (∵ cosec
2
θ = 1 + cot
2
θ)

α+β
∣ 2 ∣
√cosec ( )
2
∣ ∣
α+β α+β
∣
⇒ d = a sin(
∣ 2
) sin α + cos α cos(
2
)
∣
∣

∣ α+β α+β ∣
⇒ d = a sin α sin(
∣ 2
) + cos α cos(
2
)
∣

∣ α+β ∣ β −α α−β
⇒ d = a cos(
∣ 2
− α) = a cos(
∣ 2
) = a cos(
2
)

α−β
Therefore, the required distance is a cos( 2
)

15 / 15