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    Nyaya Part 5

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    Anshu Research
    This document discusses five types of fallacies of inference according to Indian logic: 1. Savyabhicara - When the middle term has no universal relation to the major term. 2. Viruddha - When the middle term contradicts or disproves the major term. 3. Satpratipaksa - When one inference contradicts another inference. 4. Asiddha - When the middle term has no basis in reality. 5. Badhita - When an inference is contradicted by perception or another source of knowledge. Examples of each type of fallacy are provided.

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    Nyaya Part 5

    Uploaded by

    Anshu Research
    126 views5 pages
    This document discusses five types of fallacies of inference according to Indian logic: 1. Savyabhicara - When the middle term has no universal relation to the major term. 2. Viruddha - When the middle term contradicts or disproves the major term. 3. Satpratipaksa - When one inference contradicts another inference. 4. Asiddha - When the middle term has no basis in reality. 5. Badhita - When an inference is contradicted by perception or another source of knowledge. Examples of each type of fallacy are provided.

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    This document discusses five types of fallacies of inference according to Indian logic: 1. Savyabhicara - When the middle term has no universal relation to the major term. 2. Viruddha - When the middle term contradicts or disproves the major term. 3. Satpratipaksa - When one inference contradicts another inference. 4. Asiddha - When the middle term has no basis in reality. 5. Badhita - When an inference is contradicted by perception or another source of knowledge. Examples of each type of fallacy are provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    126 views5 pages

    Nyaya Part 5

    Uploaded by

    Anshu Research
    This document discusses five types of fallacies of inference according to Indian logic: 1. Savyabhicara - When the middle term has no universal relation to the major term. 2. Viruddha - When the middle term contradicts or disproves the major term. 3. Satpratipaksa - When one inference contradicts another inference. 4. Asiddha - When the middle term has no basis in reality. 5. Badhita - When an inference is contradicted by perception or another source of knowledge. Examples of each type of fallacy are provided.

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    By

    Old Monks

    Online Philosophy Lectures By OLD MONKS


    ameya18deshpande@gmail.com
    Fallacies of Inference
     hetvabhasa i.e. material fallacies in Indian logic
     It literally means a hetu or reason which appears as, but really is not, a
    valid hetu! (invalid vyapti)
     All such cases according to Naiyayika’s are c/d ‘hetvabhasa’
     Nyaya gave 5 kinds of material fallacies-
    1. Savyabhicara (irregular middle term):
     Lets take example- All knowable objects are fiery
    The hill is knowable
    Therefore hill is fiery
     Here middle term (knowable) has no universal relation with major
    term (fire).
     This fallacy is also called as anaikantika i.e. inconstant concomitant of
    the major term Online Philosophy Lectures By OLD MONKS
    ameya18deshpande@gmail.com
    Fallacies of Inference
    2. Viruddha (contradictory middle)
     Lets take example- ‘Air is heavy, because it is empty’
     Here middle term (empty) is contradicted as it disproves the heaviness
    of air.
     Same is the case in- ‘Sound is eternal, because it is caused’

    3. Satpratipaksa (inferentially contradicted middle)


     One inference is contradicted by another inference
     Lets take example- ‘Sound is eternal, because it is audible’, this inference
    is contradicted by ‘Sound is non-eternal, becoz it is produced like a pot’
     Here ‘eternality’ is contradicted by ‘production’ aspect of sound.
    Online Philosophy Lectures By OLD MONKS
    ameya18deshpande@gmail.com
    Fallacies of Inference
    4. asiddha (unproved middle)
     When we say ‘sky-lotus is fragrant’, here middle term has no locus standi
    since sky-lotus is non-existence i.e. asiddha or merely assumed

    5. badhita (non-inferentially contradicted)


     Here inference in contradicted by perception or any other source of
    knowledge unlike in case of satpratipaksha
    Eg: ‘Fire is cold, because it is a substance’
     Here through perception we know that fire is not cold, so wrong
    inference

    Online Philosophy Lectures By OLD MONKS


    ameya18deshpande@gmail.com
    Thanks for watching
     You can comment or write your queries & mail me at
    ameya18deshpande@gmail.com

     Next video will be on Upamana & Shabda (Theory of


    Knowledge)

    Online Philosophy Lectures By OLD MONKS


    ameya18deshpande@gmail.com

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