2022-12-01

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems

CÁC HỆ THỐNG TRÊN MÁY BAY

(Aircraft Systems) LANDING GEAR – ATA32
LANDING GEAR – ATA32
Instructor: Dr. Le Xuan Truong
Instructor: Dr. Le Xuan Truong
Tài liệu tham khảo: (References)
1. Aircraft Systems – Ian Moir & Allan Seabridge, Tài liệu tham khảo: (References)
John Wiley & Sons Publisher, 2008 7. VACBI – Tài liệu training của Airbus (VACBI Airbus training)
2. EASA – Training Document 8. Tài liệu Video training của Boeing – (Video training of Boeing)
3. Giáo trình “Các hệ thống máy bay” Tg: Lã Hải Dũng, Học viện
Phòng không – Không quân, 2001
4. http://uniocw.com/aircraft-systems-engineering/
(search keyword “aircraft systems lectures”
5. Aircraft Hydraulic Systems, IAP – USA
6. Wikipedia Website

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LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems

LANDING GEAR
wheels skids Bogie
Aircraft landing gear  > 2 wheels are attached to a landing gear strut, the attaching mechanism is
Functions: known as a bogie.
supports entire aircraft weight  The number of wheels included in the bogie is a function of the gross design
during landing & ground operations weight of the aircraft and the surface type on which the loaded aircraft is
required to land.
Types:
Airport runways: wheels
Helicopter: skids
Frozen lakes and snowy areas: skis
Surface of water: pontoon-type
Components:
Shock absorbing equipment,
Brakes, skis pontoon-/float type
Retraction mechanisms,
Controls,
Warning devices,
Triple bogie main landing gear assembly
Cowling, Dual main gear of a tricycle- on a Boeing 777
Fairings, and structural members EASA p13.2 type landing gear EASA p13.5 (510)

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LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems

Fixed and Retractable Landing Gear

Further classification of aircraft landing gear can be made
into two categories: fixed and retractable
Small aircraft: single-engine, light aircraft have fixed landing gear A tricycle-type landing gear
[Fix means: the gear is attached to the airframe & remains exposed to the Main landing gear of transport
slipstream] category aircraft
 Increasing drag; Low speed aircraft: OK
 Mechanisms to retract and stow the landing gear: get more weight: cost more
than drag. These include air/oil shock
struts, gear alignment units,
support units, retraction and
Large aircraft: high speed: drag is greater
safety devices, steering
The drag caused by extended landing gear can be used by the pilot to slow the
systems, wheel and brake
aircraft
assemblies, etc.

EASA p13.5 (510) EASA p13.5 (510)

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LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems

Torque arm of landing Gear

Landing Gear Alignment and Support

Landing Gear Alignment A torque arm or torque links

assembly keeps the lower strut
cylinder from rotating out of
alignment with the longitudinal axis
of the aircraft.

The link ends are attached to the

fixed upper cylinder and the moving
lower cylinder with a hinge pin in
the center to allow the strut to
extend and compress.

EASA p13.5 (510) EASA p13.5 (510)

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LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems

Support Shock strut

Aircraft landing gear are attached to True shock absorption occurs when the shock energy of landing impact is
the wing spars or other structural converted into heat energy, as in a shock strut of landing gear. This is the
members, many of which are most common method of landing shock dissipation in aviation. It is used on all
designed for the specific purpose of size aircraft.
supporting the landing gear.
Shock struts are self-contained hydraulic units that support an aircraft while on the
ground and protect the structure during landing. They must be inspected and
A trunnion arrangement is typical. serviced regularly to ensure proper operation.
The trunnion is a fixed structural
extension of the upper strut cylinder
with bearing surfaces that allow the
entire gear assembly to move (to
rotate). It is attached to aircraft
structure in such a way that the
gear can pivot from the vertical
position required for landing and
taxi to the stowed position used
during flight. (Figure)
EASA p13.5 (510) EASA p13.5 (510)

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LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems

Shock strut Shock strut

A typical pneumatic/hydraulic shock
strut uses compressed air or nitrogen
combined with hydraulic fluid to absorb and
dissipate shock loads. It is sometimes
referred to as an air/oil or oleo strut. A
shock strut is constructed of two
telescoping cylinders or tubes that are
closed on the external ends. The upper
cylinder is fixed to the aircraft and does not
move. The lower cylinder is called the
piston and is free to slide in and out of the
upper cylinder. Two chambers are formed.
The lower chamber is always filled with
hydraulic fluid and the upper chamber is
filled with compressed air or nitrogen. An
orifice located between the two cylinders
provides a passage for the fluid from the
bottom chamber to enter the top cylinder
chamber when the strut is compressed.
[See Figure] EASA p13.5 (510) Another type of shock strut EASA p13.5 (510)

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LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems

Brake Brake

Another type of shock strut EASA p13.5 (510) EASA p13.5 (510)

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LANDING GEAR – ATA32 Lê xuân Trường – Aircraft Systems

Brake

EASA p13.5 (510)

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