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    5.LPC2148 - PWM Programming

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    Vinothkumar Uruman
    The document discusses configuring PWM on the LPC2148 microcontroller. It describes: 1. The PWM module has 6 output pins and 7 match registers to support 6 PWM signals. 2. Key registers like PWMTCR, PWMTC, PWMPR, PWMMCR, and PWMMR0-6 for configuration. 3. Steps to configure include setting the GPIO, prescaler, cycle time, duty cycles, enabling the channels. 4. An example program generates variable PWM on pins P0.0 to P0.3 by changing the duty cycle from 0-100%.

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    5.LPC2148 - PWM Programming

    Uploaded by

    Vinothkumar Uruman
    78 views14 pages
    The document discusses configuring PWM on the LPC2148 microcontroller. It describes: 1. The PWM module has 6 output pins and 7 match registers to support 6 PWM signals. 2. Key registers like PWMTCR, PWMTC, PWMPR, PWMMCR, and PWMMR0-6 for configuration. 3. Steps to configure include setting the GPIO, prescaler, cycle time, duty cycles, enabling the channels. 4. An example program generates variable PWM on pins P0.0 to P0.3 by changing the duty cycle from 0-100%.

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    Original Title

    5.LPC2148_PWM Programming

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    The document discusses configuring PWM on the LPC2148 microcontroller. It describes: 1. The PWM module has 6 output pins and 7 match registers to support 6 PWM signals. 2. Key registers like PWMTCR, PWMTC, PWMPR, PWMMCR, and PWMMR0-6 for configuration. 3. Steps to configure include setting the GPIO, prescaler, cycle time, duty cycles, enabling the channels. 4. An example program generates variable PWM on pins P0.0 to P0.3 by changing the duty cycle from 0-100%.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views14 pages

    5.LPC2148 - PWM Programming

    Uploaded by

    Vinothkumar Uruman
    The document discusses configuring PWM on the LPC2148 microcontroller. It describes: 1. The PWM module has 6 output pins and 7 match registers to support 6 PWM signals. 2. Key registers like PWMTCR, PWMTC, PWMPR, PWMMCR, and PWMMR0-6 for configuration. 3. Steps to configure include setting the GPIO, prescaler, cycle time, duty cycles, enabling the channels. 4. An example program generates variable PWM on pins P0.0 to P0.3 by changing the duty cycle from 0-100%.

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    LPC2148 PWM Programming

    In this tutorial, we are going to discuss the PWM module of LPC2148. First, we will see how to
    configure the PWM registers to generate signals of required PWM, at the end, we will see how to
    use the Explore Emdedded PWM library.

    LPC2148 PWM Module


    LPC2148 has 6 PWM output pins which can be used as 6-Single edged or 3-Double edged.
    There as seven-match registers to support these 6-PWM output signals. Below block diagram
    shows the PWM pins and the associated Match (Duty Cycle) registers.

    PWM Port Pin Functions Associated PINSEL Corresponding Match


    Channel Pin Register Register

    PWM_1 P0.0 0-GPIO, 1-TXD0, 2- 0,1 bits of PINSEL0 PWMMR1


    PWM1,

    PWM_2 P0.7 0-GPIO, 1-SSEL0, 2- 14,15 bits of PWMMR2


    PWM2, 3-EINT2 PINSEL0

    PWM_3 P0.1 0-GPIO, 1-RXD0, 2- 2,3 bits of PINSEL0 PWMMR3


    PWM3, 3-EINT0

    PWM_4 P0.8 0-GPIO, 1-TXD1, 2- 16,17 bits of PWMMR4


    PWM4, PINSEL0

    PWM_5 P0.21 0-GPIO, 1-PWM5, 2- 10,11 bits of PWMMR5


    CAP1.3, PINSEL1

    PWM_6 P0.9 0-GPIO, 1-RXD1, 2- 18,19 bits of PWMMR6


    PWM6, 3-EINT3 PINSEL0
    LPC2148 PWM Registers
    The below table shows the registers associated with LPC2148 PWM.

    Register Description

    PWMIR Interrupt Register: The IR can be read to identify which of eight possible interrupt
    sources are pending. Writing Logic-1 will clear the corresponding interrupt.

    PWMTCR Timer Control Register: The PWMTCR is used to control the Timer Counter
    functions (enable/disable/reset).

    PWMTC Timer Counter: The 32-bit TC is incremented every PR+1 cycles of PCLK. The
    PWMTC is controlled through the PWMTCR.

    PWMPR Prescaler Register: This is used to specify the Prescaler value for incrementing the
    PWMTC.

    PWMPC Prescale Counter: The 32-bit PC is a counter which is incremented to the value
    stored in PR. When the value in PR is reached, the TC is incremented.

    PWMMCR Match Control Register: The PWMMCR is used to control the reseting of PWMTC
    and generating of interrupt whenever a Match occurs.

    PWMMR0 Match Register: This register hold the max cycle Time(Ton+Toff).

    PWMMR1- Match Registers: These registers holds the Match value(PWM Duty) for
    PWMMR6 corresponding PWM channels(PWM1-PWM6).

    PWMPCR PWM Control Register: PWM Control Register. Enables PWM outputs and selects
    PWM channel types as either single edge or double edge controlled.

    PWMLER Load Enable Register: Enables use of new PWM values once the match occurs.
    Register Configuration
    The below table shows the registers associated with LPC2148 PWM.

    PWMTCR

    31:4 3 2 1 0

    Reserved PWM Enable Reserved Counter Reset Counter Enable

    Bit 0 – Counter Enable


    This bit is used to Enable or Disable the PWM Timer and PWM Prescalar Counters
    0- Disable the Counters
    1- Enable the Counter incrementing.

    Bit 1 – Counter reset


    This bit is used to clear the PWM Timer and PWM Prescaler Counter values.
    0- Do not Clear.
    1- The PWM Timer Counter and the PWM Prescale Counter are synchronously reset on the next
    positive edge of PCLK.

    Bit 3 – PWM Enable


    Used to Enable or Disable the PWM Block.
    0- PWM Disabled
    1- PWM Enabled

    PWM
    MCR

    31:21 20 19 18 - 5 4 3 2 1 0

    Reserv PWM PWMM PWM - PWM PWMM PWM PWM PWMM PWM
    ed MR6S R6R MR6I MR1S R1R MR1I MR0S R0R MR0I
    PWMMRxI
    This bit is used to Enable or Disable the PWM interrupts when the PWMTC matches PWMMRx
    (x:0-6)
    0- Disable the PWM Match interrupt
    1- Enable the PWM Match interrupt.

    PWMMRxR
    This bit is used to Reset PWMTC whenever it Matches PWMRx(x:0-6)
    0- Do not Clear.
    1- Reset the PWMTC counter value whenever it matches PWMRx.

    PWMMRxS
    This bit is used to Stop the PWMTC,PWMPC whenever the PWMTC matches PWMMRx(x:0-
    6).
    0- Disable the PWM stop o match feature
    1- Enable the PWM Stop feature. This will stop the PWM whenever the PWMTC reaches the
    Match register value.

    PWMPCR

    31:15 14-9 8-7 6-2 1-0

    Unused PWMENA6-PWMENA1 Unused PWMSEL6-PWMSEL2 Unused

    PWMSELx
    This bit is used to select the single edged and double edge mode form PWMx (x:2-6)
    0- Single Edge mode for PWMx
    1- Double Edge Mode for PWMx.

    PWMENAx
    This bit is used to enable/disable the PWM output for PWMx(x:1-6)
    0- PWMx Disable.
    1- PWMx Enabled.

    PWMLER

    31-7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

    Unused LEN6 LEN5 LEN4 LEN3 LEN2 LEN1 LEN0


    LENx
    This bit is used Enable/Disable the loading of new Match value whenever the PWMTC is
    reset(x:0-6)
    PWMTC will be continously incremented and whenever it reaches the PWMMRO, timer will be
    reset depeding on PWMTCR configuraion. Once the Timer is reset the New Match values will
    be loaded from MR0-MR6 depending on bits set in this register.
    0- Disable the loading of new Match Values
    1- Load the new Match values from MRx when the timer is reset.

    PWM Working
    After looking into the PWM registers, its time to see how the LPC1768 PWM module works.

    The TC is continuously incremented and once it matches the MR1(Duty Cycle) the PWM pin is
    pulled Low. TC still continues to increment and once it reaches the Cycle time(Ton+Toff) the
    PWM module does the following things:

     Reset the TC value.


     Pull the PWM pin High.
     Loads the new Match register values.
    Summary of PWM operations for the above image:
     Slide1: The TC is being incremented as per the Pre-scalar configuration. The PWM output is
    high as the TC is still less that duty cycle.
     Slide2: TC is incremented to 40 and still the PWM pin as HIGH.
     Slide3: TC is incremented to 60 and it matches the Duty Cycle(MR1=60).
     Slide4: Now the Comparator1(Green) will trigger the R of SR latch and Pulls the PWM
    output to Zero(Q=0). TC still continues to increment.
     Slide5: TC is incremented to 80 and PWM pin is low as TC>Duty Cycle.
     Slide6: Now TC is 100 and it matches the Cycle time(MR0==100).
     Slide7: Now the Comparator2(Red) will trigger the S of SR latch and pulls the PWM output
    to ONE(Q==1). It also resets the TC to zero. It updates Shadow buffers with new Match
    values from MRO,MR1.

    Steps to Configure PWM


    1. Configure the GPIO pins for PWM operation in respective PINSEL register.
    2. Configure TCR to enable the Counter for incrementing the TC, and Enable the PWM
    block.
    3. Set the required pre-scalar value in PR. In our case it will be zero.
    4. Configure MCR to reset the TC whenever it matches MR0.
    5. Update the Cycle time in MR0. In our case it will be 100.
    6. Load the Duty cycles for required PWMx channels in respective match registers MRx(x:
    1-6).
    7. Enable the bits in LER register to load and latch the new match values.
    8. Enable the required pwm channels in PCR register.

    Example
    Program to demonstrates the variable PWM signal generation on PWM_1-
    PWM_4(P0_0,P0_7,P0_1,P0_8).
    Connect the Leds to the pins P0_0,P0_7,P0_1,P0_8 and observe the led brigthness change
    depending on the dutycycle.
    #include <lpc214x.h>
    #include "stdutils.h"
    #include "systemInit.h"

    void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)


    {
    unsigned int i,j;
    for(i=0;i<ms;i++)
    for(j=0;j<50000;j++);
    }

    #define SBIT_CNTEN 0
    #define SBIT_PWMEN 3

    #define SBIT_PWMMR0R 1

    #define SBIT_LEN0 0
    #define SBIT_LEN1 1
    #define SBIT_LEN2 2
    #define SBIT_LEN3 3
    #define SBIT_LEN4 4

    #define SBIT_PWMENA1 9
    #define SBIT_PWMENA2 10
    #define SBIT_PWMENA3 11
    #define SBIT_PWMENA4 12

    #define PWM1_PINSEL 0 //P0_0 (0-1 Bits of PINSEL0)


    #define PWM2_PINSEL 14 //P0_7 (14-15 Bits of PINSEL0)
    #define PWM3_PINSEL 2 //P0_2 (2-3 Bits of PINSEL0)
    #define PWM4_PINSEL 16 //P0_8 (16-17 Bits of PINSEL0)
    int main(void)
    {
    int dutyCycle;
    SystemInit();

    /* Cofigure pins(P0_0, P0_7, P0_1, P0_8) for PWM mode. */


    PINSEL0 = (2<<PWM1_PINSEL) | (2<<PWM2_PINSEL) | (2<<PWM3_PINSEL) | (2<<PWM4_PINSEL);

    PWMPR = 0x00; /* No Prescalar */


    PWMMCR = (1<<SBIT_PWMMR0R); /*Reset on PWMMR0, reset TC if it matches MR0 */

    PWMMR0 = 100; /* set PWM cycle(Ton+Toff)=100) */


    PWMMR1 = 50; /* Set 50% Duty Cycle for all four channels */
    PWMMR2 = 50;
    PWMMR3 = 50;
    PWMMR4 = 50;
    PWMTC = 0x00;
    /* Trigger the latch Enable Bits to load the new Match Values */
    PWMLER = (1<<SBIT_LEN0) | (1<<SBIT_LEN1) | (1<<SBIT_LEN2) | (1<<SBIT_LEN3) |
    (1<<SBIT_LEN4);

    /* Enable the PWM output pins for PWM_1-PWM_4(P2_0 - P2_3) */


    PWMPCR = (1<<SBIT_PWMENA1) | (1<<SBIT_PWMENA2) | (1<<SBIT_PWMENA3) | (1<<SBIT_PWMENA4);

    /* Enable Counters,PWM module */


    PWMTCR = (1<<SBIT_CNTEN) | (1<<SBIT_PWMEN);

    while(1)
    {
    for(dutyCycle=0; dutyCycle<100; dutyCycle++)
    {
    PWMMR1 = dutyCycle; /* Increase the dutyCycle from 0-100 */
    PWMMR2 = dutyCycle;
    PWMMR3 = dutyCycle;
    PWMMR4 = dutyCycle;
    /* Trigger the latch Enable Bits to load the new Match Values */
    PWMLER = (1<<SBIT_LEN0) | (1<<SBIT_LEN1) | (1<<SBIT_LEN2) | (1<<SBIT_LEN3) |
    (1<<SBIT_LEN4);
    delay_ms(5);
    }

    for(dutyCycle=100; dutyCycle>0; dutyCycle--)


    {
    PWMMR1 = dutyCycle; /* Decrease the dutyCycle from 100-0 */
    PWMMR2 = dutyCycle;
    PWMMR3 = dutyCycle;
    PWMMR4 = dutyCycle;
    /* Trigger the latch Enable Bits to load the new Match Values */
    PWMLER = (1<<SBIT_LEN0) | (1<<SBIT_LEN1) | (1<<SBIT_LEN2) | (1<<SBIT_LEN3) |
    (1<<SBIT_LEN4);
    delay_ms(5);
    }
    }
    }

    Using ExploreEmbedded Libraries :


    In the above tutorial, we just discussed how to configure and use the PWM module of LPC2148.
    Once you know the internals of LPC2148 PWM, you can directly use the ExploreEmbedded
    libraries to generate the required PWM signals for different duty cycles.
    The below sample code shows how to use the ExploreEmbedded PWM library.

    #include <lpc214x.h>
    #include "stdutils.h"
    #include "systemInit.h"
    #include "pwm.h"
    #include "delay.h"

    #define CYCLE_TIME 255

    /* start the main program */


    int main()
    {
    int dutyCycle;
    SystemInit(); /* Clock and PLL configuration */
    PWM_Init(CYCLE_TIME); /* Initialize the PWM module and the Cycle time(Ton+Toff) is set
    to 255(similar to arduino)*/
    PWM_Start(PWM_1|PWM_2|PWM_3|PWM_4); /* Enable PWM output on PWM_1-PWM_4 (P0_0, P0_7, P0_1,
    P0_8) */

    while(1)
    {
    for(dutyCycle=0;dutyCycle<CYCLE_TIME;dutyCycle++) /* Increase the Brightness of the
    Leds */
    {
    PWM_SetDutyCycle(PWM_1,dutyCycle); //P0_0
    PWM_SetDutyCycle(PWM_2,dutyCycle); //P0_7
    PWM_SetDutyCycle(PWM_3,dutyCycle); //P0_1
    PWM_SetDutyCycle(PWM_4,dutyCycle); //P0_8
    DELAY_ms(5);
    }

    for(dutyCycle=CYCLE_TIME;dutyCycle>0;dutyCycle--) /* Decrease the Brightness of the


    Leds */
    {
    PWM_SetDutyCycle(PWM_1,dutyCycle); //P0_0
    PWM_SetDutyCycle(PWM_2,dutyCycle); //P0_7
    PWM_SetDutyCycle(PWM_3,dutyCycle); //P0_1
    PWM_SetDutyCycle(PWM_4,dutyCycle); //P0_8
    DELAY_ms(5);
    }
    }
    }

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