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Form Tool

Form tools can be classified in the following ways:


[1] Based on type of form:
1. Flat form tools.
2. Circular form tools.
3. End form tools.
4. Dove tail form tools.
[2] Based on setting of the flat tools:
1. Radial cutting edge.
2. Tangential cutting edge.
[3] Based on elements of the contoured surface on the tool:
1. Circular form tools with annular elements.
2. Circular form tools with helical elements.
3. Flat form tools with flat elements.
[4] Based on position of the tool axis:
1. Parallel to the work piece axis.
2. Inclined to the work piece.
Figure 7.3.1 show some of the commonly used form tools. These include:
1. Flat form tools (a):
 Flat form tools have flat profile and are used in horizontal position.
 These are the easiest type of form tools made by giving the required form on one end
of a rectangular or flat shank.
 Proper clearance and rake angles are provided at each cutting edge.
 These tools are normally used to remove low amount of material.
2. Circular form tools (b):
 These tools are cut in disc type shape and are used for removing larger amount of
material.
 The size of the tools is normally from 30 to 150 mm in diameter and the tools are
mounted on the cross slide of single spindle automatic bar machines.
 The axis of the tool is always placed above that of the work piece in order to provide
front clearance and permit cutting operation.
 The cutting face of the tool is arranged in line with the horizontal axis of the work
piece.
 These tools retain their form throughout the working life and also have a longer life.
They are thus more suited for mass production.
 These tools can be reground several times to sharpen the cutting face till the
remaining part of the tool becomes physically weak.

3. Dove tail form tools:


 This type of tool is called a Dove tail tool because it is fitted to the tool holder through
a dovetail joint.
 This type of fitting permits more rigid mounting of the tool resulting in faster
production, better surface finish and longer tool life.
 Dove tail tools are provided with commented carbide tips and can be operated at
faster speeds.
 These tools can be produced economically and maintained easily.
4. End form tools (d):

 These tools have the cutting edges on an end as shown.

The advantages of form tooling are made obvious in this video  comparing
single-point turning and machining with a form tool. The time benefit is
especially highlighted: The in-out stroke of the form tool allows the profile to
be machined in about one-third of the time.

This type of tooling is also more accurate than standard tooling because a
turning tool involves two machine axes where a form tool uses only one
machine axis. Fewer moving elements contribute to less error, which can make
achieving tight tolerances easier.

Another benefit to using form tools is finish. With a single-point tool,


inevitably there are cusps between rotations of the work-piece as the cutting
edge travels along the contour. A form tool omits these cusps, because the
entire segment of the part represented by the form is machined in a single
plunge.

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