An endoscopy is a medical procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. Endoscopes can be either rigid or flexible tubes with a light source and camera or fiber optics at the tip. Common endoscopy procedures examine the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and joints. Endoscopes allow physicians to visually inspect for abnormalities and potentially perform biopsies or procedures.
An endoscopy is a medical procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. Endoscopes can be either rigid or flexible tubes with a light source and camera or fiber optics at the tip. Common endoscopy procedures examine the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and joints. Endoscopes allow physicians to visually inspect for abnormalities and potentially perform biopsies or procedures.
An endoscopy is a medical procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. Endoscopes can be either rigid or flexible tubes with a light source and camera or fiber optics at the tip. Common endoscopy procedures examine the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and joints. Endoscopes allow physicians to visually inspect for abnormalities and potentially perform biopsies or procedures.
An endoscopy is a medical procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. Endoscopes can be either rigid or flexible tubes with a light source and camera or fiber optics at the tip. Common endoscopy procedures examine the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and joints. Endoscopes allow physicians to visually inspect for abnormalities and potentially perform biopsies or procedures.
University of Engineering and Technology New Campus Kala Shah Kaku ENDOSCOPY:
• An Endoscopy is a procedure used in medicine to look inside the body. The
endoscopy procedure uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ. • An Endoscope is a device which uses Optic fibers and Powerful Lens Systems to provide lighting and visualization of the interior of the joint. The portion of the endoscope inserted into the body might be rigid or flexible depending upon the usage. ENDOSCOPY CLASSIFICATION:
• FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY • RIGID ENDOSCOPY ENDOSCOPY:
• Depending upon the protocol and the area of interest in the human body the process of endoscopy varies. • They are named as such: RIGID ENDOSCOPY: RIGID ENDOSCOPY TECHNIQUES:
• Rigid endoscopes must be handled with care, they are very delicate and can be damaged easily if dropped or hit against hard objects. • Can be disinfected via gas sterilization or autoclaved if specified by manufacturer or soaked in 2-3°/o glutaraldehyde solution mostly used safe disinfection technique . FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY TECHNIQUES:
• THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• UPPER GI ENDOSCOPY • LOWER GI ENDOSC OY • RESPIRATORY ENDOSCOPY UPPER GI ENDOSCOPY:
• GASTROSCOPY • DUODENOSCOPY (ERCP) • ENTEROSCOPY GASTROSCOPY: • Upper endoscopy(gastroscopy) enables the physician to look inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum and the f irs.t art of the small intestine. The procedure might be used to discover the reason for swallowing difficulties, reflux, bleeding, indigestion, abdominal pain or chest pain. • For the procedure you will swallow a thin, flexible lighted tube called an endoscope. Right before the procedure the physician will spray your throat with a numbing agent that may help prevent gagging. You may also recieve pain medicine and a sedative to help you relax during the exam. The endoscope transmits a. image of the inside ,of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, so the phys1ician can carefully examine the lining of these organs. The scope also blows air into, the stomach; this expands, the folds of tissue and makes it easier for the physician to examine the stomach. • Gastroscopy takes around 10 minutes . DUODENOSCOPY (ERCP)
• ERCP combines the, use
of X-rays and an endoscope, which is a long, flexible, lighted tube. Through it, the physician can see the inside of the stomach and duodenum and inject dyes into the ducts in the biliary tree a1nd pancreas so they can be seen on X- ray. DUODENOSCOPY LOWER GI ENDOSCOPY:
• COLONOSCOPY • SIGMOIDOSCOPY COLONOSCOPY: • Colonoscopy lets the physician look inside the entire large Intestine from the lowest part the rectum all the way up through the colon to the lower end of the small intestine. The procedure is used to look for early signs of cancer in the colon and rectum. Colonoscopy enables the physician to see inflamed tissue, abnormal growths ulcers and bleeding. • If any abnormality is seen in the colon, like a polyp or inflamed tissue, the physician can remove all or part of it using tiny instruments passed through the scope. That tissue (biopsy) is then sent to a lab for testing. If there is bleeding in the colon, the physician can pass a laser, heater probe or electrical probe or inject special medicines through the scope and use it to stop the bleeding. • Colonoscopy takes 30 to 60 minutes. SIGMOIDOSCOPY: • Flexible sigmoidoscopy enables the physician to look at the inside of the large intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon, called the sigmoid or descending colon. Physicians may use the procedure to find the cause of diarrhea, abdominal pain, or constipation. They also use it to look for early signs of cancer in the descending colon and rectum. With flexible sigmoidoscopy, the physician can see bleeding, inflammat1on, abnormal growths, and ulcers in the descending colon and rectum. • Flexible sigmoidoscopy is not sufficient to detect polyps or cancer in the ascending or transverse colon two-thirds of the colon) . RESPIRATORY ENDOSCOPY:
• BRONCHOSCOPY • LARYNGOSCOPY BRONCHOSCOPY:
• A bronchoscope is a tube with a tiny camera on the end which is inserted
through the nose (or mouth) into the lungs. During a bronchoscopy procedure, a scope will be inserted through the nostril until it passes through the throat into the trachea and bronchi. A bronchoscope is used to provide a view of the airways of the lungs. • The scope allows the doctor to collect lung secretions and lung tissue for biopsy of tissue specimen. ENDOSCOPY SYSTEM: • Camera Processor • Monitor • Light Source • Video Recorder • Video Printer • Suction System • E.S.U • ENDOSCOPE FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY : • The flexible endoscope is a remarkable piece of equipment that can be directed and moved around the many bends in the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopes now come in two types: • The original pure fiberoptic instrument has a flexible bundle of glass fibers that collect the lighted image at one end and transfer the image to the eye piece. • The newer video endoscopes have a tiny, optically sensitive computer chip at the end. Electronic signals are then transmitted up the scope to computer then displays the image on a large video screen. An open channel in these scopes allows other instruments to be passed through in order to take tissue samples, remove polyps and perform other exams. FIBEROPTIC SCOPE: VIDEOSCOPE: ENDOSCOPE CROSSECTION:
