This document is a laboratory manual for an experiment on refrigeration and air conditioning. It contains 5 student submissions and outlines the components and working of a basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The key components are an evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve. It also discusses different types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs, noting that R134a is commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioners.
This document is a laboratory manual for an experiment on refrigeration and air conditioning. It contains 5 student submissions and outlines the components and working of a basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The key components are an evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve. It also discusses different types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs, noting that R134a is commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioners.
This document is a laboratory manual for an experiment on refrigeration and air conditioning. It contains 5 student submissions and outlines the components and working of a basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The key components are an evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve. It also discusses different types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs, noting that R134a is commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioners.
This document is a laboratory manual for an experiment on refrigeration and air conditioning. It contains 5 student submissions and outlines the components and working of a basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The key components are an evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve. It also discusses different types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs, noting that R134a is commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioners.
University of Engineering and Technology Lahore New Campus Submitted by: Sr No. Name: Registration No. 1 Muhammad Ahmed Amin 2020-ME-363 2 Haroon Latif 2020-ME-378 3 Abdul Moeed 2020-ME-384 4 Ahmed Ali Sani 2020-ME-386 5 Muaaz Tariq 2020-ME-395
Submitted To: Sir Muhammad Sannan Contents Experiment No. 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Objective: ............................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Apparatus: ........................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Components: ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Theory: ................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.4.1 Heat Pump: .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.4.2 Use of Heat Pump: ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Working: .............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.6 Types of Refrigerants: ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.6.1 Refrigerant uses in Refrigerators: ................................................................................................ 5
1.2 Apparatus: Mechanical Heat Pump 1.3 Components: i. Compressor ii. Condenser iii. Expansion Valve iv. Evaporator
1.4 Theory:
1.4.1 Heat Pump:
A heat pump is a device that take heats from one source and moves it to another location through electric or mechanical mean. Heat pump technologies include phase change, thermos-electrics, thermoacoustic and magnetic coolers.
Example: A.C, Refrigerator
1.4.2 Use of Heat Pump:
i. Heat pumps may be used either to heat or cool.
ii. Heat supplier for district heating. iii. Remove Heat.
1.5 Working:
Working of Components: Air conditioner uses a fluid known as refrigerant to move heat found inside your home to the outdoors. It works by creating a continuous flow through a closed, continuous circuit with four main components. i. Evaporator Coil:
Your refrigerant’s journey begins at your evaporator coil,
which is located inside the indoor unit in your home. Your coil is a metal tube, usually copper or some other material that easily transfers heat that’s bent into a weaving pattern to expose it to as much airflow as possible. This airflow comes from your blower fan, which pulls air from the return vent inside your home, which is usually full of heat. The cool refrigerant then absorbs the heat from that air blown over it, which cools it before it’s sent back into your home through your duct system. Generally, your refrigerant will be extremely cold when it enters your evaporator coil, but be more of a room-temperature warm when it exits.
ii. Compressor: The warm refrigerant then moves along a series of lines to your outdoor unit, where you’ll find the next stage of the process: your compressor. The compressors’ job is exactly as it sounds: compress the fluid. This process places the refrigerant under extremely high pressure, a process which not only turns it into a gaseous state, but makes it become extremely hot: sometimes as high as 300 degrees Fahrenheit! This is extremely important because as we’ll see in the next stage, heat transfer wouldn’t happen otherwise.
iii. Condenser Coil:
Your refrigerant then flows through the second coil of the cycle, this time also located in your outdoor unit. The purpose for this coil is the same, although the goal might be the opposite: instead of trying to absorb as much heat as possible, this time the outdoor blower fan forces as much air as possible over the coil to try and make it lose as much heat as it can. This is why the air that comes out of your outdoor unit often feels extremely warm, even on brutally hot days. In order for refrigerant to still manage to lose heat, the temperature needs to be cranked up extremely high: so high that it’s still substantially warmer than even the most brutal outdoor temperatures. Once the refrigerant completes its cycle through this coil, it’s still quite warm, but has usually dropped to a much, much lower temperature.
iv. Expansion Chamber:
The expansion chamber is the final stop for your refrigerant on its cycle. In the expansion chamber, your refrigerant is allowed to expand and lose the pressure it was placed under during the compression step. This is an endothermic process, which means that it absorbs heat as opposed to giving it off. This causes the refrigerant to condense back into a liquid form that’s quite cold, which is then sent back to the start of the process at the evaporator coil.
1.6 Types of Refrigerants:
I. CFC = Chloro Fluoro Carbons: Chlorofluorocarbons are refrigerants that contain chlorine. They have been banned since the beginning of the 90's because of their negative environmental impacts. Examples of CFCs are R11, R12 and R115. The conversion of equipment and systems using CFCs has not yet been completed.
II. HCFC = Hydro Chloro Fluoro Carbons:
The slow phase-out of CFCs shows it is a costly process. Examples of hydrochlorofluorocarbons include R22, R123 and R124.
III. HFC = Hydro Fluoro Carbons:
The hydrofluorocarbons are refrigerants that contain no chlorine and are not harmful to the ozone layer. However, their impact on global warming is very large compared with traditional refrigerants. Examples are R32, R125, R134a, R404A etc.
1.6.1 Refrigerant uses in Refrigerators:
Refrigerant uses in A.C or Refrigerator is R143a:
R134a is also known as Tetrafluoroethane (CF3CH2F) from the family of
HFC refrigerant. With the discovery of the damaging effect of CFCs and HCFCs refrigerants to the ozone layer, the HFC family of refrigerant has been widely used as their replacement.
It is now being used as a replacement for R-12 CFC refrigerant in the area of centrifugal, rotary screw, scroll and reciprocating compressors. It is safe for normal handling as it is non-toxic, non-flammable and non-corrosive.
Currently it is also being widely used in the air conditioning system in newer automotive vehicles. The manufacturing industry use it in plastic foam blowing. Pharmaceuticals industry use it as a propellant.
It exists in gas form when expose to the environment as the boiling temperature is - 14.9°F or -26.1°C.
The Complete HVAC BIBLE for Beginners: The Most Practical & Updated Guide to Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems | Installation, Troubleshooting and Repair | Residential & Commercial
The Complete HVAC BIBLE for Beginners: The Most Practical & Updated Guide to Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems | Installation, Troubleshooting and Repair | Residential & Commercial
