Education

CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
NET-JRF JUNE 2021
PART A
Q1. An inverted cone is filled with water at a constant rate. The volume of water inside the cone as a
function of time is represented by the curve

A B

Volume
D
C

Time

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

Ans.: (b)
Q2. A spacecraft flies at a constant height R above a planet of radius R . At the instant the spacecraft
is over the north pole, the lowest latitude visible from the spacecraft is:
(a) 00 (equator) (b) 30 0 N (c) 450 N (d) 600 N
Ans. : (b)
Q3. An experiment consists of tossing a coin 20 times. Such an experiment is performed 50 times.
The number of heads and the number of tails in each experiment are noted. What is the
correlation coefficient between the two?
(a) 1 (b) 20 / 50 (c) 20 / 50 (d) 1
Ans. : (a)
Q4. Which of these groups of numbers has the smallest mean?
Group A: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9
Group B: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 7,8, 9
Group C: 1, 2, 2, 4,5, 6, 7,8, 9
Group D: 1, 3,3, 4,5, 6, 7,9, 9
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
Ans. : (c)
Q5. Identical balls are tightly arranged in the shape of an equilateral triangle with each side containing
n balls. How many balls are there in the arrangement?

n  n  1 n  n  1  n  1
2
n2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
Ans. : (b)

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
1
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q6. A shopkeeper has a faulty pan balance with a zero offset. When an object is placed in the left pan
it is balanced by a standard 100 g weight. When it is placed in the right pan it is balanced by a
standard 80 g weight. What is the actual weight of the object?
(a) 90 g (b) 88.88 g (c) 95 g (d) 85 g
Ans. : (a)
Q7. A and B start from the same point in opposite directions along a circular track simultaneously.
Speed of B is 2 / 3rd that of A . How many times will A and B cross each other before meeting
at the starting point?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 4
Ans. : (d)
Q8. Consider a solid cube of side 5 units. After painting, it is cut into cubes of 1 unit. Find the
probability that a randomly chosen unit cube has only one side painted.
56 36 44 54
(a) (b) (c) (d)
125 125 125 125
Ans. : (d)

Q9. How many integers in the set 1, 2,3,....,100 have exactly 3 divisors?

(a) 4 (b) 12 (c) 5 (d) 9

Ans. : (a)
Q10. The arithmetic and geometric means of two numbers are 65 and 25 , respectively. What are
these two numbers?
(a) 110, 20 (b) 115,15 (c) 120,10 (d) 125, 5
Ans. (d)
Q11. Shyam spent half of his money and was left with as many as he had rupees before, but with half
as many rupees as he had paise before. Which of the following is a possible amount of money he
is left with?
(a) 49 rupees and 98 paise (b) 49 rupees and 99 paise
(c) 99 rupees and 99 paise (d) 99 rupees and 98 paise
Ans. : (b)
Q12. A cylindrical road roller having a diameter of 1.5 m moves at a speed of 3 km / h while levelling a
road. How much length of the road will be levelled in 45 minutes?
(a) 2.25 km (b) 0.375  km (c) 0.75  km (d) 1.5 km

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
2
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Ans. : (a)
Q13. An intravenous fluid is given to a child of 7.5 kg at the rate of 20 drop/minute. The prescribed
dose of the fluid is 40 ml per kg of body weight. If the volume of a drop is 0.05 ml , how many
hours are needed to complete the dose?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
Ans. : (d)
Q14. A cousin is a non-sibling with a common ancestor. If there is exactly one pair of siblings in a group
of 5 persons then the maximum possible number of pairs of cousins in the group is
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 10
Ans. : (c)
Q15. In a tournament with 8 teams, a win fetches 3 points and a draw, 1. After all terms have played
three matches each, total number of points earned by all teams put together must lie between
(a) 24 and 36 (b) 24 and 32 (c) 12 and 24 (d) 32 and 48
Ans. : (a)
Q16. An appropriate diagram to represent the relations between the categories KEYBOARD,
HARDWARE, OPERATING SYSTEM and CPU is

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Ans. : (c)

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
3
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q17. Trade figures and populations in appropriate units in a certain year are given for 7 countries.

Export
Import
Population

A B C D E F G

If countries are ranked according to the difference in their per capita exports over import, then
the best and worst ranking countries are respectively
(a) C and A (b) A and E (c) C and B (d) A and F
Ans. : (a)
Q18. At least two among three persons A, B and C are truthful. If A calls B a liar and if B calls C
a liar, then which of the following is FALSE?
(a) A is truthful (b) B is truthful
(c) C is truthful (d) At least one is a liar
Ans. : (b)
Q19. The maximum area of a right-angled triangle inscribed in a circle of radius r is
r2
(a) 2r 2 (b) (c) 2r 2 (d) r 2
2
Ans. : (d)
Q20. If we replace the mathematical operations in the expression 11  4  2   24  6 as given in the

table:
Operation    

Replaced by    

Then its new value is

23
(a) (b) 1 (c) 18 (d) 7
6
Ans. : (d)

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
4
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
PART B
Q1. A particle in one dimension executes oscillatory motion in a potential V  x   A x , where A  0

is a constant of appropriate dimension. If the time period T of its oscillation depends on the total
energy E as E  , then the value of  is
1 1 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 3 4
Topic: Classical Mechanics
Sub Topic: Action Angle
Ans. : (b)

Solution: V  x   A x
E/A
J   E  V  x dx  4  2 m  E  Ax dx V x
0

P2 E
H  A| x|
2m x

J   2m  E  A x dx  4
E/A
2m E  Axdx
0

Let, u  E  Ax  du   Adx

0 8 2m 3/ 2 J 4 2 mE 32mE
J  4 2mu1/ 2 du  E T    T  E1/ 2
E 3A E A A
Q2. The equation of motion of a one-dimensional forced harmonic oscillator in the presence of a
d2x dx
dissipative force is described by  10  16 x  6te8t  4t 2 e2t . The general form of the
dt 2
dt
particular solution, in terms of constants A, B etc, is

(a) t  At 2  Bt  C  e2t   Dt  E  e8t (b)  At 2  Bt  C  e2t   Dt  E  e8t

(c) t  At 2  Bt  C  e2t  t  Dt  E  e8t (d)  At 2  Bt  C  e2t  t  Dt  E  e8t

Topic: Mathematical Physics

Sub Topic: Differential Equation
Ans. : (c)
d 2x dx
Solution: 2
 10  16 x  6te  Bt  4t 2e 2t
dt dt
x  C.F .  P.I .
D 2  10 D  16  0

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
5
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
D 2  2 D  8 D  16  0
D  D  2   8  D  2   0, 2,  8

C .F .  C1e 2t  C2 e 8t

1
P.I . 
 D  2  D  8 
 6te 8 t
 4te2t 

1 A B A  D  8  B  D  2
  
 D  2 D  8 D2 D8  D  2  D  8
D  1   A  B  D  8 A  2B

A  B  0, 8 A  2 B  1
A   B, 8A  2A  1
1
A
6
 1/ 6 1/ 6  1 2 1 2 2 t 1 2 1 2 2 t
 D  2  D  8   6te  4t e  = D  2 te  3 D  2 t e  D  8 te  3 D  8 t e
8 t 2 2 t 8 t 8 t

1 2 1 1 2 e 2 t 1 2
 e 8t t  e 2t t 2 e 8t t  t
D6 3 D D 3 D6
1 1
e 8 t  D 2 2 t t 3 8 t t
2
e 2 t  D 2
 1  t  e  e  1  6  t
6 6  3 3 2 9

 1  2 3 2t 1 2 8t e  D D  2 2t  t 1
2 t 2 2
e 8t 1
 t  
 6  9 t e  t e 1    t  e   t 
6 2 9  6 36   9 27 12 
x  C.F .  P.I .
1 1 2 1 te 2t
= C1e2 x  C2 e8 x  e 8t t 2  e 8t t  t 3e 2t  t 2e 2t 
2 6 9 9 27
P.I . = t  At 2  Bt  C  e2t  t  Dt  E  e8t

1 ax 1
Where, y f  e V  eax V
f  x f  D  a

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
6
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q3. The vector potential for an almost point like magnetic dipole located at the origin is
 sin  
A  , where  r ,  ,   denote the spherical polar coordinates and ˆ is the unit vector
4 r 2
along  . A particle of mass m and charge q , moving in the equatorial plane of the dipole, starts

at time  t  0 with an initial speed v0 and an impact parameter b . Its instantaneous speed at

the point of closest approach is

2
q  q 
(a) v0 (b) 0 / 0 (c) v0  (d) v02   
4 mb2  4 mb2 
Topic: Electromagnetic Theory
Sub Topic: Magnetic dipole
Ans. : (a)
 sin( ) 
Solution: Initial speed is v0 , A  
4 r 2
Let us consider the speed at closet approach is vc

According to work energy principle

1 1  
Work done =change in kinetic energy = mvc 2  mv0 2   F .dr
2 2
Since, magnetic force do not perform any work
 
 F .dr  0
1 1   1 1
mvc 2  mv0 2   F .dr  0  mvc 2  mv0 2  0  v0  vc
2 2 2 2
Q4. A particle, thrown with a sped v from the earth’s surface, attains a maximum height h
(measured from the surface of the earth). If v is half the escape velocity and R denotes the
h
radius of earth, then is
R
2 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 4 2
Topic: Classical Mechanics
Sub Topic: Gravitation
Ans. : (b)
1 2 GmM GmM
Solution: mv   (i)
2 R Rh

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
7
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics

2GM 1
ve  and given that r  ve
R 2
1 1 2GmM GmM GmM
From (i), m   
2 4 R R Rh
3 GmM GmM h 1
   3R  3h  4 R  
4 R Rh R 3
1GeV
Q5. A particle of mass and its antiparticle, both moving with the same speed v , produce a
c2
10 GeV
new particle X of mass in a head-on collision. The minimum value of v required for
c2
this process is closest to
(a) 0.83c (b) 0.93c (c) 0.98 c (d) 0.88c
Topic: Classical Mechanics
Sub Topic: STR
Ans. : (c)
Solution: 0.98c topic classical mechanics STR (relativistic mass)
From conservation of momentum particle will rest after collision.
m0 c 2 m0c 2
  Mc 2
2 2
v v
1 1
c2 c2
1GeV
2
2m0 c 2 2
c 2  10GeV  1  v  1
2
 Mc 
v2 v2 c2 c2 5
1 2 1 2
c c

24
v c  0.98c
25
Q6. The volume of the region common to the interiors of two infinitely long cylinders defined by
x2  y2  25 and x2  4 z 2  25 is best approximated by
(a) 225 (b) 333 (c) 423 (d) 625
Topic: Mathematical Physics
Sub Topic: Vector Analysis
Ans. : (b)
Solution: x 2  y 2  25, x 2  4 z 2  25
Common interior volume of two infinitely long cylinder will be 333

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
8
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q7. The volume integral

I
 A    A d x
V
3

 
is over a region V bounded by a surface  (an infinitesimal area element being nds , where n
is the outward unit normal). If it changes to I  I , when the vector A is changed to A   ,
then I can be expressed as

(a)
 .  A d x
V
3
(b) 
   d x
V
2 3

(c) 
   A .nˆ ds
 
(d)
 . nˆ ds
 z

Topic: Mathematical Physics

Sub Topic: Vector Analysis
Ans. : (c)

Solution: I   A.(  A)d 3v

I  I  A  A

I  I    A  A     A  A  d 3v

  A.(  A)d 3v   A.(  A)d 3v Since,   A  0

 I   A.(  A)d 3v

I   A  (  A)d 3v   A  (  A)d 3v     ( A  A)d 3v Since, A  B  C  B  C  A 

   
 [Since A  B   B  A ]
  A  Ands
  .( A  A)d 3v    .(A  A)d 3v   

Q8. A generic 3  3 real matrix A has eigenvalues 0, 1 and 6 and I is the 3  3 identity matrix. The
quantity/quantities that cannot be determined from this information is/are the

(a) eigenvalues  I  A  (b) eigenvalues of  I  AT A

1

(c) determinant of AT A (d) rank of A

Topic: Mathematical Physics
Sub Topic: Matrices
Ans. : (b)

Solution: (a) eigenvalues  I  A  : A  I  B hence we know the eigenvalue of B , we can easily find
1

the eigenvalue of B 1 .

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
9
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
(b) eigenvalues of  I  AT A  : We don’t know that what is the matrix AT A , so eigenvalue can not

be determined
(c) AT A  AT A  0 , product of eigenvalues of AT and A .

(d) rank of A , hence eigenvalues are non-degenerate so matrices can be diagonalized and one
eigenvalue is zero, so rank will be 3  1  2 .
Q9. A discrete random variable X takes a value from the set 1, 0,1, 2 with the corresponding

3 2 2 3
probabilities p X   , , and , respectively. The probability distribution
10 10 10 10
q Y    q  0  , q 1 , q  4   of the random variable Y  X 2 is

1 3 1 1 1 3  2 2 1  3 3 2
(a)  , ,  (b)  , ,  (c)  , ,  (d)  , , 
5 5 5  5 2 10  5 5 5  10 10 5 
Topic: Mathematical Physics
Sub Topic: Probability
Ans. : (b)
Solution: X   1, 0,1, 2 p( X )  3 /10, 3 /10, 2 /10, 3 /10

q( y)   q(0), q(1), q(4)  , y  x 2

q( y)   q(0), q(1), q(4)  , y  x 2

P( y  0)  P( x  0)  2 /10 [sinec, y  x 2 ]

P( y  1)  P( x  1)  P( x  1)  3 /10  2 /10  5 /10  1/ 2 [sinec, y  x 2 ]

P( y  0)  P( y  1)  P( y  4)  1  P( y  4)  1  2 /10  1/ 2  1  7 /10  3/10
Thus, the correct probability distribution is 2 /10 , 1/ 2 , 3/10
Q10. The components of the electric field, in a region of space devoid of any charge or current sources,

are given to be Ei  ai   j 1,2,3

bij x j , where ai and bij are constants independent of the

coordinates. The number of independent components of the matrix bij is

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 4

Topic: Electromagnetic Theory
Sub Topic: Relativistic Electrodynamics
(Field Tensor)
Ans. : (a)

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
10
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Solution: Given that Ei  ai   j 1,2,3 bij x j

From the given condition, the bij should be symmetric and traceless

The typical feature of bij is

u v w
bij   v p s 
 w s r 

The trace less of bij means u  p  r  0 (It will reduce one independent component)

The symmetric property will reduce three independent components

Thus, bij will have 9-3-1 =5 Independent component

Q11. A conducting wire in the shape of a circle lies on the  x, y  -plane with its centre at the origin. A

bar magnet moves with a constant velocity towards the wire along the z -axis (as shown in the
figure below)
v dA
Observer
facing the
S N ring in the
z
direction
of arrow
We take t  0 to be the instant at which the midpoint of the magnet is at the centre of the wire
loop and the induced current to be positive when it is counter-clockwise as viewed by the
observer facing the loop and the incoming magnet. In these conventions, the best schematic
representation of the induced current I  t  as a function of t , is
I I

(a) t (b) t
O O

I I

(c) O (d) O t
t

Topic: Electromagnetic Theory

Sub Topic: Magnetostatic Lenz Law

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
11
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Ans. : (d)
Solution:
v dA
Observer
facing the
S N ring in the
z
direction
of arrow

Initially, at t  0 , the flux will be zero. Once, the bar magnet move towards circular loop, the
associated flux will increase. When bar magnet reaches the circular loop, the flux attain constant.
But, once bar magnet cross circular loop and move away from loop, then the associated flux will
decrease.
We know that,
d
  and   I
dt

O t

e
Q12. In an experiment to measure the charge to mass ratio of the electron by Thomson’s method,
m
the values of the deflecting electric field and the accelerating potential are 6 106 N / C (newton
per coulomb) and 150V , respectively. The magnitude of the magnetic field that leads to zero
deflection of the electron beam is closest to
(a) 0.6T (b) 1.2T (c) 0.4 T (d) 0.8T
Topic: Electromagnetic Theory
Sub Topic: Magnetostate (Thomson Experiment)
Ans. : (d)

e 1 E2 11 1 36 1012
Solution:   1.77  10  
m 2 B 2V 2 B 2 150
1.77  1011  300 1 2 36  1012 3.6
  B  
36  10 12
B 2
1.77  3  1013
1.77  3
B  0.8 T

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
12
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q13. A monochromatic source emitting radiation with a certain frequency moves with a velocity v
away from a stationary observer A . It is moving towards another observer B (also at rest) along
a line joining the two. The frequencies of the radiation recorded by A and B are vA and vB ,

vB v
respectively. If the ratio  7 , then the value of is
vA c

1 1 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 4 4 2
Topic: Classical Mechanics
Sub Topic: STR Doppler effect
Ans. : (c)
v
1
Solution: Using concept of doppler effect of light. For observer B  B   c and for observer A
v
1
c
v
1
c
v v v
1 1 1

c it is given B  c 7 c 7 v  3
A 
v A v v c 4
1 1 1
c c c
v
1
c
1 2 3
Q14. The Hamiltonian of a particle of mass m in one-dimension is H  p   x , where   0 is
2m
constant. If E1 and E2 , respectively, denote the ground state energies of the particle for   1
E2
and   2 (in appropriate units) the ratio is best approximated by
E1
(a) 1.260 (b) 1.414 (c) 1.516 (d) 1.320
Topic: Quantum Mechanics
Sub Topic: WKB Approximation
Ans. : (d) V  x
Solution: Quantum mechanics semiclassical method
Using Bohr Somerfield theorem J   pdx  nh E

E
 Px x
J  4  2m  E   x dx  h for ground state n  1
3

0 2mE
1/ 3 1 1 1 5 1 2 x
E  1/ 3 1/ 3
2mE    h  E2 3
 3  E6  2  E  5 E E
 
   2mE  
 

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
13
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
E   2
 2
2/5
 1.32
E    1

Q15. A particle of mass m is in a one dimensional infinite potential well of length L , extending from
x  0 to x  L . When it is in the energy eigenstate labelled by n,  n  1, 2,3,... the probability of

L 1
finding it in the interval 0  x  is . The minimum value of n for which this is possible is
8 8
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 8
Topic: Quantum Mechanics
Sub Topic: Particle in Box
Ans. : (a)
L

 L 8 2 n x 1
Solution: For particle in one dimensional box P  0  x     sin 2 dx 
 8 0L L 8
L

21  8
2n x  1 1 1 2n 1 n

L 2 0
1  cos
L 
 dx    .
8 8 2n
sin
8
  sin
8 4
0n4

Q16. A two-state system evolves under the action of the Hamiltonian H  E0 A A   E0    B B ,

where A and B are its two orthonormal states. These states transform to one another under

parity i.e., P A  B and P B  A . If at time t  0 the system is in a state of definite parity

P  1 , the earliest time t at which the probability of finding the system in a state of parity P  1
is one, is
  2  2 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2  2 
Topic: Quantum Mechanics
Sub Topic: Postulates of Quantum Mechanics

Ans. : (b)

Solution: H  E0 A A   E0    B B P A  B ,P B  A

H A  E0 A, H B   E0    B

So A and B are eigen vector of Hamiltonian with eigen value E0 and E0  

At t  0,   c1 A  c2 B

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
14
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
1
It is given P     c1 B  c2 A  c1 A  c2 B  c1  c2 
2

1   iE0t   i  E0    t  
Now   t    A exp     B exp    
2      

1   iE0t   i  E0    t  
P  t    B exp     A exp         t 
2      

1   iE0t   i  E0    t    1   iE0t   i  E0    t   
 B exp     A exp         A exp     B exp     
2        2      

 i t   it   i t 
B  A exp     A  B exp    exp    1
        
 it   t  
 exp    1  cos    1  t 
      
Q17. The figures below depict three different wavefunctions of a particle confined to a one-
dimensional box 1  x  1
A B C
1.25 2
1
1
0.5 0.75 1
0 0.5 0
0.25
0.5 0 1
1 0.25
0.5 2
1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1 0.5 0 0.5 1
X X X
The wavefunctions that correspond to the maximum expectation values x (absolute value of

the mean position) and x2 , respectively, are

(a) B and C (b) B and A (c) C and B (d) A and B

Topic: Quantum Mechanics
Sub Topic: One Dimensional Box
Ans. : (a)

Solution: The probability distribution is symmetric about x  0 for A, C so X  0 for these wave

function in case B the area under of probability density is more in region x  0 so X  0 in

case B .
The maximum fluctuation is in C so max x 2 in C So answer is B and C

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
15
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q18. Which of the following two physical quantities cannot be measured simultaneously with arbitrary
accuracy for the motion of a quantum particle in three dimensions?
(a) square of the radial position and z -component of angular momentum  r 2 and L z 

(b) x -components of linear and angular momenta ( px and Lx )

(c) y -component of position and z -component of angular momentum ( y and Lz )

(d) squares of the magnitudes of the linear and angular momenta ( p 2 and L2 )
Topic: Quantum Mechanics
Sub Topic: Angular momentum
Ans. : (c)

Solution: Y , Lz   Y , XPY  YPX   X Y , PY   iX

CP
Q19. The ratio of the specific heats at constant pressure and volume of a monoatomic ideal gas in
CV

two dimensions is
3 5 5
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 3 2
Topic: Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics
Sub Topic: Kinetic Theory of Gas
Ans. : (b)
f
Solution: CV  R , f  D.O.F.
2
For monoatomic in 2D
2
CV  RR
2
We know that CP  CV  R

CP  2 R

CP 2 R
 2
CV R
Q20. The volume and temperature of a spherical cavity filled with black body radiation are V and
300K respectively. If it expands adiabatically to a volume 2V , its temperature will be closest to
(a) 150 K (b) 300 K (c) 250 K (d) 240 K
Topic: Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics
Sub Topic: Black body radiation

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
16
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Ans. : (d)
Solution: For adiabatic in black body
VT 3  Constant

V   300   K
3
(i)

2V  T   K
3
(ii)

300
By dividing (ii) by (i) T   240
21/ 3
D
Q21. The total number of phonon modes in a solid of volume V is
 0
g   d  3 N , where N is

the number of primitive cells, D is the Debye frequency and density of photon modes is

g    AV  2 (with A  0 a constant). If the density of the solid doubles in a phase transition,

the Debye temperature  D will

(a) increase by a factor of 22 / 3 (b) increase by a factor of 21/ 3

(c) decrease by a factor of 22 / 3 (d) decrease by a factor of 21/ 3
Topic: Solid State Physics
Sub Topic: Lattice Specific Heat, Lattice Vibration
Ans. : (b)
D
D 3 N
Solution: 
0
AV  2 d  N  AV
3
 N  D 3
V
    D3  [Since, D  D ]

1 1
If  '  2    'D  2 3  3
1
Thus, the Debye temperature is increased by 23
Q22. The position of a particle in one dimension changes in discrete steps. With each step it moves to
the right, however, the length of the step is drawn from a uniform distribution from the interval

 1 1 
  2 w,   2 w  , where  and w are positive constants. If X denotes the distance from the

2
starting point after N steps, the standard deviation X2  X for large values of N is

  N w w N
(a)  N (b)  (c)  N (d) 
2 2 3 2 2 3
Topic: Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics
Sub Topic: Random Walk Problem

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
17
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Ans. : (d)
2 2 2
2 N2  w N2  w N  w w 
                
2
Solution: X  X 
2  2 2  2 2  2 2 

2 2 2
N2  w N2  w N  w w  N 2 w2 w
                    N
2  2 2  2 2  2 2  4 2

N
For one dimension N 
3

2 w N
Thus, X2  X =
2 3
Q23. In the LCR circuit shown below, the resistance R  0.05  , the inductance L  1 H and the
capacitance C  0.04 F . C L
 
vin R vout

 

If the input vin is a square wave of angular frequency 1 rad/s the output vout is best approximated

by a
(a) square wave of angular frequency 1 rad/s
(b) sine wave of angular frequency 1 rad/s
(c) square wave of angular frequency 5 rad/s
(d) sine wave of angular frequency 5 rad/s
Topic: Electronics
Sub Topic: AC Circuit
Ans. : (d)
Q24. In an experiment, the velocity of a non-relativistic neutron is determined by measuring the time

 ~ 50 ns  it takes to travel from the source to the detector kept at a distance L . Assume that

the error in the measurement of L is negligibly small. If we want to estimate the kinetic energy
T
T of the neutron to within 5% accuracy i.e.,  0.05 , the maximum permissible error  T
T
in measuring the time of flight is nearest to
(a) 1.75 ns (b) 0.75 ns (c) 2.25 ns (d) 1.25 ns

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
18
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Topic: Electronics
Sub Topic: Experimental Technique
Ans. : (d)
Solution: t  50 ns

1 2 1 L2
Kinetic energy T  mv  m 2
2 2 t
1 
Taking log, log T  log  m   2 log L  2 log t
2 
T t 0.05  50
Deviation  002   t
T t 2
t  25  0.05  1.25 ns
Q25. The door of an X - ray machine room is fitted with a sensor D ( 0 is open and 1 is closed). It is
also equipped with three fire sensors F1 , F2 and F3 (each is 0 when disable and 1 when enabled).

The X -ray machine can operate only if the door is closed and at least 2 fire sensors are enabled.
The logic circuit to ensure that the machine can be operated is
F1
F1 F2
F2
(a) (b) F1
Y
Y F3
F1
F3
F2
F3
F2 D
F3 D

F1 F1
F2 F2

(c) F1
Y (d) F1
Y
F3 F3

F2 D F2 D
F3 F3

Topic: Electronics
Sub Topic: Logic Gate
Ans. : (b)

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
19
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
PART C

Q1.

If we use the Fourier transform   x, y   eikxk  y dk to solve the partial differential equation

 2  x, y  1  2  x, y  m2

y 2

y2 x2
 2   x, y   0 in the half-plane
y
 x, y  :   x  , 0  y   the
Fourier modes k  y  depend on y as y and y . The values of  and  are

1 1
(a)  1  4  k 2  m2  and  1  4  k 2  m2 
2 2

(b) 1  1  4  k 2  m2  and 1  1  4  k 2  m2 

1 1 1 1
(c)  1  4  k 2  m2  and  1  4  k 2  m2 
2 2 2 2
1 1
(d) 1  1  4  k 2  m2  and 1  1  4  k 2  m2 
2 2
Topic: Mathematical Physics
Sub Topic: Ordinary Differential Equation
Ans. : (c)

Solution:  ( x, y )   eik . xk ( y )dk

d 2 ( x, y )
 ( x, y )   eik . xk ( y )dk    k 2
dx 2
Given that,
d 2 ( x, y ) 1 d 2 ( x, y ) m 2
  2  2  ( x, y )  0
dy 2 y dx 2 y

d 2 ( x, y ) d 2 ( x, y )
y2 2
 2
 m2 ( x, y )  0
dy dx

d 2 ( x, y )
y2  k 2 ( x, y )  m 2 ( x, y )  0
dy 2

Let, y  e z : Cauchy-Euler Form

d
D( D  1) ( x, y )  k 2 ( x, y)  m2 ( x, y )  0, D 
dz
D 2 ( x, y )  D ( x, y )  k 2 ( x, y )  m 2 ( x, y )  0

1  1  4  k 2  m2 
D 2  D   k 2  m2   0  D 
2

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
20
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Two roots are

1  1  4  k 2  m2  1  1  4  k 2  m2 
 ,
2 2
Q2. The Newton-Raphson method is to be used to determine the reciprocal of the number x  4 . If
we start with the initial guess 0.20 then after the first iteration the reciprocal is
(a) 0.23 (b) 0.24 (c) 0.25 (d) 0.26
Topic: Mathematical Physics
Sub Topic: Numerical Techniques (Newton-Raphson Method)
Ans. : (b)
1 1
Solution: N  4 , N x
x N
1 f  xn  1 
f  x   N , xn 1  xn   xn    N 
x f   xn   xn 
1 
 N
x 1
 xn1  xn   n  [  f  x  ]
1 xn 2
xn 2
1 
 xn  xn  Nxn xn1  xn  2  Nxn   xn  xn   N   xn  xn  Nx
 xn 
Given x0  0.2

 x1  x0  2  4  x0   0.2   2  4  0.2  0.24

Q3. The Legendre polynomials Pn  x  , n  0,1, 2,... , satisfying the orthogonality condition
1
2
 1
Pn  x  Pm  x  dx 
2n  1
 nm on the interval  1, 1 may be defined by the Rodrigues formula
1 dn 2 1
Pn  x    x  1 . The value of the definite integral
  4  2 x  3x2  4 x3  P3  x  dx is
n

2 n ! dx
n n
1
3 11 23 16
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 15 32 35
Topic: Mathematical Physics
Sub Topic: Polynomials Legendre Polynomial
Ans. : (d)
1

  4  2 x  3x  4 x3  P3  x  dx
2
Solution:
1

1
1
  4  2 x  3x  4 x3   5 x3  3x  dx
2

1
2

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
21
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Only take even function
1
10 7 1 6 5 1
 5x  3x 2  10 x 6  6 x 4  dx  x5
1 1
4
 x3  x  x
1
1 1 7 1 5 1
20 12 100  84 16
 22   
7 5 35 35
1
Q4. A particle of mass m moves in a potential that is V  m 12 x2  22 y 2  32 z 2  in the coordinates
2
of a non-inertial frame F . The frame F is rotating with respect to an inertial frame with an

angular velocity k̂ , where k̂ is the unit vector along their common z -axis. The motion of the
particle is unstable for all angular frequencies satisfying
(a)  2  12  2  22   0 (b)  2  12  2  22   0


(c) 2  1  2 
2
        0
2
1 2
2

(d) 2  1  2 
2
       0
2
1 2
2

Topic: Classical Mechanics

Sub Topic: Pseudoforce
Ans. : (b)
Q5. The figure below shows an ideal capacitor consisting of two parallel circular plates of radius R .
Points P1 and P2 are at a transverse distance r1  R from the line joining the centres of the plates,

while points P3 and P4 are at a transverse distance r2  R .

P1 P2
 

r1
I
r2 R
 
P3 P4
If B  x  denotes the magnitude of the magnetic fields at these points, which of the following

holds while the capacitor is charging?

(a) B  P1   B  P2  and B  P3   B  P4  (b) B  P1   B  P2  and B  P3   B  P4 

(c) B  P1   B  P2  and B  P3   B  P4  (d) B  P1   B  P2  and B  P3   B  P4 

Topic: Electromagnetic Theory

Sub Topic: Maxwell Equation
(Displacement Current)
Ans. : (c)

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
22
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Solution:
P1 P2
 

r1
I
r2 R
 
P3 P4

The magnetic field at P1 and P3 are due to displacement current. On the other hand, the magnetic

field at P2 and P4 are due to conduction current.

The current at P1 and P2 are equal i.e. I c  I D . Thus, B ( P1 )  B ( P2 )

The current at P4 is greater than the P3 i.e. I c  I D . Since I D   J .ds .

Thus, B( P3 )  B( P4 )

Q6. A perfectly conducting fluid, of permittivity  and permeability  , flows with a uniform velocity
v in the presence of time dependent electric and magnetic fields E and B , respectively. If there
is a finite current density in the fluid, then
B B
(a)    v  B   (b)    v  B   
t t
E E
(c)    v  B    (d)    v  B    
t t
Topic: Electromagnetic Theory
Sub Topic: Maxwell’s Equation
Ans. : (a)

       J
Solution: J   ( E  v  B)  0  ( E  v  B )   0

  
E  Bv
Taking curl on both sides
     B   B
  E  (  B  v)  (  B  v)    (  v  B) 
t t
This is known as Alfven's theorem

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
23
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q7. A laser beam propagates from fiber 1 to fiber 2 in a cavity made up of two optical fibers (as
shown in the figure). The loss factor of fiber 2 is 10 dB / km .

Fiber1 d 0 Fiber 2

If E2  d  denotes the magnitude of the electric field in fiber 2 at a distance d from the interface,

E2  0 
the ratio for d  10 km , is
E2  d 

(a) 102 (b) 103 (c) 105 (d) 107

Topic: Electromagnetic Theory
Sub Topic: Optics
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Loss in 2nd medium = 10 dB/km
2
P P E  E
log  1   1  1  10   1   10  1  10
 P2  P2  E2  E2

The most general formula

 E1  d  
 10    d  10  E E d    10 
d 10
  0
 105
 E2  d   2

Q8. A particle in two dimensions is found to trace an orbit r    r0 2 . If it is moving under the

influence of a central potential V  r   c1r  a  c2 r  b , where r0 , c1 and c2 are constants of

appropriate dimensions, the values of a and b , respectively, are

(a) 2 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
Topic: Classical Mechanics
Sub Topic: Central Force Problem
Ans. : (b)

Solution: r    r0

1 1 2
Let u   
r r0
Differential equation of orbit
 d 2u  m 1  6   4 1  m
 2  u    f      2    2 2 f
 d
2 2
 lu  r0 r0  l u

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
24
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
m
  A1u 2  A2u    f   B1u 4  B2u 3   f
l u2
2

dV
 B1r 4  B2 r 3   f (r )    V (r )  c1r 2  c3r 3  a  2, b  3
dr
Q9. The fulcrum of a simple pendulum (consisting of a particle of mass m z
attached to the support by a massless string of length l ) oscillates
z t 
vertically as sin z  t   a sin t , where  is a constant. The pendulum
 t  l
moves in a vertical plane and   t  denotes its angular position with
m
respect to the z -axis.
d 2
If   sin   g  f  t    0 (where g is the acceleration due to gravity) describes the equation
dt 2
of motion of the mass, then f  t  is

(a) a 2 cos t (b) a 2 sin t

(c) a 2 cos t (d)  a 2 sin t
Topic: Classical Mechanics
Sub Topic: Lagrangian of a System
Ans. : (d)
Solution: The generalised coordinate is  l sin  , l cos   z 

1
 
Lagrangian is given by L  m l 2 2  z 2  l z sin   mgl cos   z
2
L d  L 
  ml 2  mlz sin  ,     ml 2  mlzsin   mlz cos 
 dt   
L
 ml z cos   mgl sin 

d  L  L
   0  ml 2  mlzsin   mlz cos   mlz cos   mgl sin   0
dt    

ml 2  mlz sin   mgl sin   0  l  

z sin   g sin   0

Put z  a sin t  
z  a 2 sin t
l  a 2 sin  t sin   g sin   0  l  sin   a 2 sin  t  g   0

In problem it is given by
l  sin   g  f (t )  so f  t   a 2 sin t

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
25
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q10. A satellite of mass m orbits around earth in an elliptic trajectory of semi-major axis  . At a radial
distance r  r0 , measured from the centre of the earth, the kinetic energy is equal to half the

magnitude of the total energy. If M denotes the mass of the earth and the total energy is
GMm r
 , the value of 0 is nearest to
2a a
(a) 1.33 (b) 1.48 (c) 1.25 (d) 1.67
Topic: Classical Mechanics
Sub Topic: Central Force Problem
Ans. : (a)
GMm GMm GMm 1 1 1
Solution: E  T  V       
2a 4a r0 2a 4a r0
3 1 r 4
    0   1.33
4a r0 a 3

Q11. A particle of mass m in one dimension is in the ground state of a simple harmonic oscillator
p2 1
described by a Hamiltonian H   m 2 x2 in the standard notation. An impulsive force at
2m 2
time t  0 suddenly imparts a momentum p0  m to it. The probability that the particle

remains in the original ground state is

(a) e2 (b) e3 / 2 (c) e1 (d) e1/ 2
Topic: Quantum Mechanics
Sub Topic: Harmonic Oscillator
Ans. : (d)
Solution: The ground state wave function of Harmonic oscillator
1/ 2  2 x2
    2
 gs    e
  
P2 1 P02
H  m x 
2 2

2m 2 2m
New wave function is due combination of harmonic oscillator and free particle to impulsive force
Since, the wave function is multiplicative in nature. Therefore, we can write
1/ 2  2 x2 ip0 x
   
 new   e 2
e 

  
Probability of finding in the original ground state is
2
 new  gs =  new  gs

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
26
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Now
 1/ 2  2 x2  ip0 x 1/ 2  2 x2  ip0 x
          ( 2 x2  )
 new  gs    e 2
e 
  e 2
dx   e

dx
 
      
p0 2
( )
           2

 e
 ( x 2   x )
 e
4 2
   Sine, dx  e 4

        
 

m
Now Substitute the value of p0 2  m ,  2 

m 1 1
  2 
 new  gs = e 4 m
 e 4 Thus, the probability  new  gs = e 2

Q12. The energies of a two-state quantum system are E0 and E0    , (where   0 is a constant)

and the corresponding normalized state vectors are 0 and 1 , respectively. At time t  0 , when

the system is in the state 0 , the potential is altered by a time independent term V such that

 1
1V 0  . The transition probability to the state 1 at times t  , is
10 
 2t 2  2t 2  2t 2  2t 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25 50 100 200
Topic: Quantum Mechanics
Sub Topic: Time Dependent Perturbation Theory
Ans. : (c)
2
 4 0V 1 0t
Solution: 0 V 1  P  0  1  sin 2
100 
2 2
0 2
for small time t  0
2 2
4 0V 1 02t 2 0V 1  2t 2  2  2t 2
.  .t 2  
 202 4 2 100 2 100

Q13. In an elastic scattering process at an energy E , the phase shift  0  300 , 1  100 , while the other

phase shifts are zero. The polar angle at which the differential cross section peaks is closest to
(a) 200 (b) 100 (c) 00 (d) 300
Topic: Quantum Mechanics
Sub Topic: Scattering
Ans. : (c)

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
27
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q14. The unnormalized wavefunction of a particle in one dimension in an infinite square well with
walls at x  0 and x  a , is   x   x  a  x  . If   x  is expanded as a linear combination of the
a

   x
2
energy eigenfunctions, dx is proportional to the infinite series
0

a a
(you may use
0
t sin t dt  a cos a  sin a and
 t sin t dt  2   a  2  cos a  2a sin a  )
0
2 2

 (b)   2n  1
 
 2n  1
6 4
(a)
n 1 n 1

(c)  (d)   2n  1
 
 2n  1
2 8

n 1 n 1

Topic: Quantum Mechanics

Sub Topic: Particle in Box
Ans. : (a)
Solution: The normalize wavefunction can be written as
  Ax(a  x)
Where A is normalization constant.
a a
30
  Ax(a  x) dx  1
2
 dx  1,
2
 A
0 0
a5
This wavefunction can be written in basis form
   cnn ,
n

The nth coefficient for infinite square well can be written as follows

2 15  n x 
a a a
2 n x 30 n x
cn 
a0 sin(
a
)
a 5
x ( a  x ) dx  3 
a  0
a  x sin(
a
) dx  
0
x 2 sin(
a
)dx 

a
 a n x 2 
( ) 2
2 15   a  n x      a 
2 2
n x ax n x a n x 
 3  a   sin( ) cos( )     2   x sin( )
n
cos( ) 
a   n  a n a      n  a ( )3 a 
0
  a  0

0, for even n

4 15 
3 
cn  cos(0)  cos( n )   cn   8 15
(n )  ( n )3 , for odd n


1
Thus, cn  3
n 1 (2 n  1)


1
  dx  cn  
2 2
Now, 6
n 1 (2n  1)

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
28
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q15. The pressure of a gas in a vessel needs be maintained between 1.5 bar to 2.5 bar in an
experiment. The vessel is fitted with a pressure transducer that generates 4 mA to 20 mA current
for pressure in the range 1 bar to 5 bar. The current output of the transducer has a linear
dependence on the pressure.
500 

 Overpressure
V2 Indicator
n
P

 Pressure
V1 Ready

The reference voltages V1 and V2 in the comparators in the circuit (shown in figure above)

suitable for the desired operating conditions, are, respectively

(a) 2V and 10V (b) 2V and 5V
(c) 3 V and 10V (d) 3 V and 5V
Topic: Electronics
Sub Topic: OP-AMP
Ans. : (d)
y2  y1 20  4 16 I
Solution: Slope     4 mA/bar
x2  x1 5 1 4
20 mA
1.5 bar  4  2.5  6 mA
4 mA
2.5 bar  4  2.5  10 mA

V1  6 mA  500  3V
1br 5br P  bar 
V2  10mA  500  5V

Q16. The nuclei of 137

Cs decay by the emission of  -particles with a half of 30.08 years. The activity

(in units of disintegrations per second or Bq) of a 1 mg source of 137

Cs , prepared on January 1,
1980 as measured on January 1, 2021 is closest to
(a) 1.79 1016 (b) 1.79  109 (c) 1.24 1016 (d) 1.24  109
Topic: Nuclear & Particle Physics
Sub Topic: Radioactive Decay
Ans. : (d)

Solution: 137 gm Cs contains 6.023 1023 atoms

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
29
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
6.023 1023
1 gm Cs contains atoms
137
6.023  1023 103
1 mg Cs contains  N 0 atoms
137
0.693 41
6.023  0.693  10 23  10 3 
Activity: N 0  e t  e 30.08
137
0.693 41 0.693 41
 
6.023  0.693 1020  e 30.08 6.023 0.693 10 209  e 30.08
   1.24  109
137  30.08  365  24  3600 1.37  3.008  3.65  2.4  3.6
Q17. In the following circuit the input voltage Vin is such that Vin  Vout , where Vsat is the saturation

voltage of the op-amp. (Assume that the diode is an ideal one and RL C is much large than the

duration of the measurement.) Vin

12
10
 D 8
OPAMP
Vin  RL Vout
6
C 4
2
t
1 2 3 4
Ground

for the input voltage as shown in the figure above, the output voltage Vout is best represented by
Vout Vout

12 12
10 10
(a) 8
(b) 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
t t
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Vout Vout

12 12
10 10
8 8
(c) (d)
6 6
4 4
2 2
t t
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
for the input voltage as shown in the figure above, the output voltage Vout is best represented by

Topic: Electronics
Sub Topic: OPAMP
Ans. : (a)
H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
30
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Solution: Given that RLC is much larger than the duration of measurement. Once capacitor is charged to

input value  vi  6V  , It will be remain at 6V until further increase in voltage to 11V which make

output to remain fixed at 11V .

Q18. To measure the height h of a column of liquid helium in a container, a constant
V
current I is sent through an NbTi wire of length l , as shown in the figure. The
normal state resistance of the NbTi wire is R . If the superconducting transition
temperature of NbTi is  10 K then the measured voltage V  h  is best

described by the expression

 1 2h   h h
(a) IR    (b) IR  1  
2 l   l
1 h  2h 
(c) IR    (d) IR 1  
2 l   l 
Topic: Solid State Physics
Sub Topic: Superconductivity
Ans. : (d)
Solution: From given diagram it is clearly noticeable that if liquid Helium is fully occupied then the
maximum height will be hmax  l / 2 . At this time, voltage V (h) will be zero due to the

superconducting state.
 2l / 2 
From given option, only (a) will satisfy that V (hmax )  IR 1    0.
 l 
Also, when h  0 it will completely behave like a normal conductor. Which will satisfy the Ohm’s
Law i.e., V  IR .
2h 2 0
V (h)  IR(1 )  V (h)  IR(1  )  IR
l l
Q19. The energy levels of a non-degenerate quantum system are n  nE0 , where E0 is a constant and

n  1, 2, 3,... . At a temperature T , the free energy F can be expressed in terms of the average

energy E by
E E
(a) E0  kBT ln (b) E0  2kBT ln
E0 E0

E E
(c) E0  kBT ln (d) E0  2kBT ln
E0 E0

Topic: Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics

Sub Topic: Concept of Free Energy in Statistical Physics

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
31
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Partition function can be written as follows
Z  e  E0  e 2  E0  e 3  E0  ....................  e   E0 (1  e   E0  e 2  E0 ...............)

e   E0

1  e   E0 
Average energy can be written as follows

d d  e   E0 
E ln( Z )   ln  
d d   1  e   E0
   


 e   E0    E0
E
d
ln  
d 
  E  ln 1  e 
  E0
  E 0  E0 e
 
E0

d   1  e  E0
  

d  0  1 e   E0
1  e   E0   
E 1  E 
  ln     ln 1  e   E0  
E0 1 e  E0
 E0 
Free energy can be written as follows
e   E0
F   kT ln( Z )   kT ln 
 kT ln e  E0  kT ln 1  e   E0 
 
1  e   E0

 E E 
 
F  E0  kT ln 1  e   E0  E0  kT ln   [Since ln 1  e   E0   ln   ]  
 E0   E0 
Q20. A polymer made up of N monomers, is in thermal equilibrium at temperature T . Each monomer
could be of length a or 2a . The first contributes zero energy, while the second one contributes

 . The average length (in units of Na ) of the polymer at temperature T  is
kB

5e 4e 3 e 2e

(a) (b) (c) (d)
4e 3 e 2e 1 e
Topic: Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics
Sub Topic: Boltzmann’s Distribution Law
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Probability of length a is Pa

Probability of length 2a is P2a

We know that the probability P e 

1
P2a  
Thus,  e    e kT
Pa

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
32
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics

Given that, T 
k
P2 a  e 1 Pa ......(1)

Also, total probability

P2 a  Pa  1.......(2)

From (1) and (2), we will get

e 1
e1 Pa  Pa  1  Pa  . Thus, P2 a  [Since p2a  epa ]
e 1 e 1
Average length,
 e 1  e2
l   li Pi  NaPa  2 NaP2 a  Na  Pa  2 P2 a   Na  2   Na  
i  e 1 e 1   e 1 
e2
In the unit of Na it will be  
 e 1 
Q21. Balls of ten different colours labeled by a  1, 2,..,10 are to be distributed among different
coloured boxes. A ball can only go in a box of the same colour, and each box can contain at most
one ball. Let na and N a denote, respectively the numbers of balls and boxes of colour a .

Assuming that Na  na  1 , the total entropy (in units of the Boltzmann constant) can be best

approximated by

(a)   N ln N  n ln n   N  n  ln  N  n 
a
a a a a a a a a

(b)   N ln N  n ln n   N  n  ln  N  n  
a a a a a a a a
a

(c)   N ln N  n ln n   N  n  ln  N  n  
a a a a a a a a
a

(d)   N ln N  n ln n   N  n  ln  N  n  
a a a a a a a a
a

Topic: Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics

Sub Topic: Microcanonical Ensemble
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Number of ways such that na particle will be adjusted in same colour N a box

Na
W 
a na N a  na

So, entropy S  k B ln W  k B ln N a  ln na  ln N a  na 

 
Using Sterling formula ln n  n ln  n

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
33
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
S  k B  N a ln N a  N a  na ln na  na   N a  na  ln  N a  na    N a  na  

S  kB  N a ln N a  na ln na   Na  na  ln  N a  na  

Total entropy S  kB   N ln N  n ln n   N
a a a a a  na  ln  Na  na  

Total entropy in the unit of k B

S    N a ln N a  na ln na   N a  na  ln  N a  na  

Q22. The dispersion relation of a gas of non-interacting bosons in d dimensions is E  k   ak s , where

a and s are positive constants. Bose-Einstein condensation will occur for all values of
(a) d  s (b) d  2  s  d  2
(c) s  2 independent of d (d) d  2 independent of s
Topic: Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics
Sub Topic: Bose-Einstein Condensation
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Given that E (k )  Ak s

Now, the density of states  ( E ) E d / s 1 , d  dimension

For Bose Einstein condensation
d / s 1  0  d / s  1  d  s

Q23. Lead is superconducting below 7 K and has a critical magnetic field 800 104 tesla close to 0 K .
At 2 K the critical current that flows through a long lead wire of radius 5 mm is closest to
(a) 1760 A (b) 1670 A (c) 1950 A (d) 1840 A
Topic: Solid State Physics
Sub Topic: Superconductivity
Ans. : (d)
Solution: TC  7 K

H C  0   800  104  8 102  79700 A / m

  2  2 
H C T  2 K   8 10 1      79700
2

  7  
 585551.02 102 A / m
I C  2 rH C  2  3.14  5 103  585551.02  102 A  1840 A

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
34
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Q24. Potassium chloride forms an FCC lattice, in which K and Cl occupy alternating sites. The density
of KCl is 1.98 g / cm3 and the atomic weights of K and Cl are 39.1 and 35.5 , respectively. The
angles of incidence (in degrees) for which Bragg peaks will appear when X -ray of wavelength
0.4 nm is shone on a KCl crystal are
(a) 18.5, 39.4 and 72.2 (b) 19.5 and 41.9
(c) 12.5, 25.7, 40.5 and 60.0 (d) 13.5, 27.8, 44.5 and 69.0
Topic: Solid State Physics
Sub Topic: Crystal Structure, X-Ray Diffraction
Ans. : (a)
neff 1M A1  neff 2 M A 2 4(39.1)  4(35.5)
Solution: We know for cubic lattice, a 3    242  10 24 cm
NA 1.98  6.23 1023

a  6.22 A0
The interplanar spacing can be written as follows
a
d
h  k 2  l2
2

For KCl crystal, the (h, k, l) values for which Bragg’s diffraction observed are (2, 0, 0),
(2, 2, 0), (2, 2, 2),
From Bragg’s law, 2d sin( )  

Given that,   0.4 nm  4 A0

a 6.22
2 sin( )    2 sin( )  4
2 2 2
h k l h  k2  l2
2

1 4
 sin( )   0.31
2
h k l 2 2 6.22  2


 sin( )  0.31 h 2  k 2  l 2    sin 1 0.31 h2  k 2  l 2 
For (h, k, l) =(2, 0, 0),
   sin 1  0.31 2   sin 1  0.62   39.40

Q25. In the reaction p  n  p  K   X , mediated by strong interaction, the baryon number B ,

strangeness S and third component of isospin I3 of the particle X are, respectively

(a) 1, 1 and 1 (b) 1, 1 and 1

1
(c) 1, 2 and  (d) 1, 1 and 0
2
Topic: Nuclear & Particle Physics
Sub Topic: Fundamental Interaction in Particle Physics
H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
35
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Ans. : (b)
Solution: p  n  p  K  X
B : 11  1 0  B  B 1
S : 0  0  0 1 S  S  1
1 1 1 1
I 3 : ( )  (  )  ( )  ( )  I 3  I 3  1
2 2 2 2
Q26. A 60
Co nucleus  -decays from its ground state with J P  5 to a state of 60
Ni with J P  4 .
From the angular momentum selection rules, the allowed values of the orbital angular
momentum L and the total spin S of the election-antineutrino pair are
(a) L  0 and S  1 (b) L  1 and S  0
(c) L  0 and S  0 (d) L  1 and S  1
Topic: Nuclear & Particle Physics
Sub Topic: Beta Decay
Ans. : (a)

Solution: 60Co  60 Ni  e  ve

5  4  (e  ve )

We know that the parity is defined as (1) L

From parity conservation, we can say that the orbital angular momentum of (e  ve ) is zero.

On the, the other hand e and ve both are spin ½ (Fermions)

60
Co  60 Ni  e  ve

5  4  (e   ve )

Total S of (e  ve ) is either 0 or 1

But, from angular momentum conservation S should (+1)

So total S  1/ 2  1/ 2  1 L  0, S  1
Q27. The Q -value of the  -decay of 232
Th to the ground state of 228
Ra is 4082 keV . The maximum
possible kinetic energy of the  -particle is closest to
(a) 4082 keV (b) 4050 keV (c) 4035 keV (d) 4012 keV
Topic: Nuclear & Particle Physics
Sub Topic: Alpha Decay
Ans. : (d)
232( A) 228( A 4)
Solution: Th  Ra  4 He (alpha)
H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
36
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
( A  4) 228
Eth  Q 4082  4012 keV
A 232
Q28. The 3, 0, 0 state (in the standard notation n, l , m ) of the H -atom in the non-relativistic theory

decays to the state 1, 0, 0 via two dipole transitions. The transition route and the corresponding

probability are
1 1
(a) 3, 0, 0  2,1, 1  1, 0, 0 and (b) 3, 0, 0  2,1,1  1, 0, 0 and
4 4
1 2
(c) 3, 0, 0  2,1, 0  1,0, 0 and (d) 3, 0, 0  2,1, 0  1, 0, 0 and
3 3
Topic: Atomic & Molecular Physics
Sub Topic: Dipole Transition
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Selection rule l  1, ml  0,  1

The possible decay mode for 3, 0, 0

3, 0, 0  2,1,1 , 3, 0, 0  2,1, 0 , 3, 0, 0  2,1,  1

Each are equally probable. So, probability for 3, 0, 0  2,1, 0 will be 1/3

Q29. A linear diatomic molecule consists of two identical small electric dipoles with an equilibrium
separation R , which is assumed to be a constant. Each dipole has charges  q of mass m
separated by r when the molecule is at equilibrium. Each dipole can execute simple harmonic
motion of angular frequency  .
r r
   

R
Recall that the interaction potential between two dipoles of moments p1 and p2 , separated by
R12  R12 nˆ is  p1  p2  3  p1  nˆ  p2  nˆ   /  4 0 R123  .
q2
Assume that R  r and let 2  . The angular frequencies of small oscillations of the
4 0 mR3
diatomic molecule are
(a)  2  2 and  2   2 (b)  2  32 and  2  32

(c)  2  42 and  2  42 (d)  2  22 and  2  2 2

Topic: Electromagnetic Theory
Sub Topic: Dipole Interaction

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
37
 Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
Ans. : (c)
Solution: The interaction energy between electric dipole is given as

 p . p  3  p .n   p .n  
1 2 1 2
U
4 0 R 3
12

Since, p1  qr , p2  qr , p1  p2

 p . p  3  p .n   p .n  
1 2 1 2 1
U  (1  3)q 2 r 2  2m 2 r 2
4 0 R 3
12 4 0 R 12
3

The potential energy of one dipole will be

1 1
U m 2 r 2  2m2 r 2  m '2 r 2   '   2  4 2
2 2
The potential energy of another dipole should be
1 1
U  m 2 r 2  2m2 r 2  m '2 r 2   '   2  42 [From energy conservation]
2 2
Q30. Diffuse hydrogen gas within a galaxy may be assumed to follow a Maxwell distribution at
temperature 106 K , while the temperature appropriate for the H gas in the inter-galactic space,

following the same distribution, may be taken to be 104 K . The ratio of thermal broadening

vG / v1G of the Lyman-  line from the H -atoms within the galaxy to that from the inter-

galactic space is closest to

1 1
(a) 100 (b) (c) 10 (d)
100 10
Topic: Atomic & Molecular Physics
Sub Topic: Broadening of Spectral Lines
Ans. (c)
Solution: The thermal means Doppler broadening
We know that

v0 2kT
vD   vD T
c m

vG 106
  10
vIG 104

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: pravegaaeducation@gmail.com
38