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Redeveloped Division Initiated Self-Learning Module

Department of Education – Division of Palawan

i
Biology 1 – Grade 12
Redeveloped Division Initiated - Self-Learning Module
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Reactions to Produce and Consume Adenosine Triphosphate
Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan

Schools Division Superintendent:
Roger F. Capa, CESO VI
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendents:
Rufino B. Foz
Arnaldo G. Ventura

Development Team for

Development Team
Redevelopment Activity

Writers: Asael Y. Palermo Writers: Asael Y. Palermo

Hazel Cres D. Rendon Hazel Cres D. Rendon
Editors: Divina G. Adier Editors: Divina G. Adier
Maribeth Q. Adier Maribeth Q. Adier
Layout Artist: Armando N. Villagracia Jr. Layout Artist: Armando N. Villagracia Jr.
Management Team: Review & Quality Assurance:
Aurelia B. Marquez Maribeth Q. Adier
Rosalyn C. Gadiano Management Team:
Rodgie S. Demalinao Aurelia B. Marquez
Rosalyn C. Gadiano
Rodgie S. Demalinao

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region – Division of Palawan

Office Address: PEO Road, Barangay Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City
Telephone: (048) 433-6392
E-mail Address: palawan@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedpalawan.com

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

iii
 Biology 1 Reactions to Produce and
Second Quarter
Week 6
Consume Adenosine Triphosphate

MELC: Describe reactions that produce and consume ATP. STEM_BIO11/12-IIa-j-9

Objectives:
1. To define ATP and chemical reaction in the ATP.
2. To describe the reactions that produce and consume ATP.
3. To recognize the importance of reactions in the production and
consumption of ATP in the body system.

What I Know

Find out how much you have already known about the lesson by taking the short
test below. Take note of the questions that you find difficult to answer and look for the
correct answer as you go through this module.

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What are the parts of the ATP molecule?

A. Adenine, thylakoids, stroma
B. Stroma, grana, chlorophyll
C. Adenine, ribose, phosphate groups
D. NADH, NAHPH, FADH

2. Energy is released from ATP when?

A. A phosphate group is added
B. Adenine bonds to ribose
C. ATP is exposed to sunlight
D. A phosphate group is removed

3. Which of the following can be compared to a battery in need of recharging?

A. ADP B. ATP C. Ribose D. Adenosine

4. Which of the following results in the storage of energy in terms of ATP/ADP cycle?
A. The breaking of the bond between the 5-carbon sugar and the 1st phosphate
group.
B. The addition of the phosphate group.
C. The removal of the phosphate group.
D. The addition of glucose.

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 5. What do all cells use for energy?
A. Carbs B. Protein C. Fat D. ATP

6. What do we call the process whereby water is released when ATP is made?
A. Dehydration synthesis C. The ATP-ADP cycle
B. Hydrolysis synthesis D. Photosynthesis

7. What do we call the process whereby water is taken ADP and a phosphate group
when ATP is made?
A. Dehydration synthesis C. The ATP-ADP cycle
B. Hydrolysis synthesis D. Photosynthesis

8. How many molecules of ATP can be generated from one molecule of glucose?
A. 2 B. 6 C. 36 D. 4

9. TCA cycle is a _______________ process and glycolysis is a _______________ process.

A. aerobic, anaerobic
B. anaerobic, aerobic
C. aerobic, aerobic
D. oxidation, reduction

10. Ionic gradient in which part of the mitochondrion drives the synthesis of ATP?
A. Matrix C. Inner membrane
B. Outer membrane D. DNA

11. The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is _______________________________.

A. primarily stored between the alpha and beta phosphates
B. equal to -57 kcal/mol
C. harnessed as heat energy by the cell to perform work
D. providing energy to coupled reactions

12. Which of the following molecules is likely to have the most potential energy?
A. Sucrose B. ATP C. glucose D. ADP

13. The process by which glucose is converted to glycogen is ________________________.

A. Gluconeonesis C. glycogenolysis
B. Glycogenesis D. glycolysis

14. The site of glycolysis in the cell is the _____________________.

A. nucleus C. mitochondria
B. cytoplasm D. extracellular fluid

15. The pigment molecule that absorbs light energy and passes it on the other
molecules of the photosynthesis “light system”.
A. Hemoglobin C. Chlorophyll
B. Chloroplast D. Cytochrome

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 What is It

Life is Work: An Overview

 Living cells needs energy to accomplish their role.

 Some animals, such as the Cow obtain its energy by eating plants, and some
animals feed on the other organisms that eat plants to survive.
 Beginning with energy that flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as
their source.
 Photosynthesis generates Oxygen (O2) and organic molecules, which are
responsible in the cellular respiration.
 To regenerate ATP, cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules
which includes a power work.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

 The energy unit of the cell is the ATP or known as Adenosine Triphosphate.
 It is made up of an adeno group, a sugar group and three phosphates.
 It can be recycled easily.
 By the addition of a phosphate into Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) it
converts into (ATP) Adenosine Triphosphate.
 It is the cell’s energy shuttle
 ATP is composed of:
o Ribose (a sugar)
o Adenine (a nitrogenous base)
o Three phosphate groups

Figure 1.1 The chemical structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Image Credit: http://www.sliderbase.com/images/referats/1416/image038.png

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  Hydrolysis is where the bonds between the phosphate groups of ATP’s tail
can be broken.
 When the terminal phosphate bond is broken energy is released from ATP.
 It contains LOTS of energy for this third phosphate bond.
 The released of energy comes from the chemical change to a state of lower
free energy, not from the phosphate bond themselves.

Figure 1.2 the hydrolysis of ATP

Image Credit: http://www.sliderbase.com/images/referats/1416/image040.png

How is ATP produced?

Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction

 During chemical reaction, it releases

energy that is stored in organic molecules
where transfer of electrons is made
possible.
 Where this released energy is used to
synthesize ATP ultimately.

The Principle of Redox

 Oxidation-reduction reactions or Redox

reactions are the chemical reactions that
transfer electrons between reactants.
 When a substance loses electrons or is
oxidized it is called Oxidation.
Figure 1.3 Energy flow and chemical  But in reduction, it is when a substance
recycling in ecosystem gains electrons, or is reduced (the amount
Image Credit: https://memorang-prod-
media.s3.amazonaws.com/images/5 of positive charge is reduced).
b89d272-904d-

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ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions

 A cell does three main kinds of work:

o Chemical
o Transport
o Mechanical
 Enable to do work, cells manage energy resources by energy coupling, it is the
use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.
 Most energy coupling in cells is mediated by ATP

How ATP Performs work

 The three types of cellular work are:

o Mechanical
o Transport
o Chemical
 Each type of cellular work is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP.
 The energy from the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis can be used to drive an
endergonic reaction in the cell.

Figure 1.4 How ATP drives transport and mechanical work

Image Credit: http://bio1151b.nicerweb.net/Locked/media/ch08/08_11ATPTransMechWork-L.jpg

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Phosphorylation

 By phosphorylation, ATP drives endergonic reactions, transferring from a

phosphate group to some other molecule, such as a reactant.
 The beneficiary molecule is now phosphorylated.
 The activity of Phosphorylation converts a relatively low energy compound (ADP)
into a higher energy compound (ATP)
 ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) – contains an Adenosine, a ribose group, a two
Phosphate groups.

Figure 1.5 The ATP Cycle

Image Credit:
https://slideplayer.com/slide/9403114/28/images/18/ATP+%25E2%2580%2593
+ADP+Cycle+H2O+Energy+for+cellular+work+%2528endergonic%252C.jpg

The ATP Cycle

 From existing ADP molecules, it can produce ATP.

 Where a phosphate is added to ADP molecules.
 It requires ATP synthase – it converts ADP to ATP from a protein complex in the
mitochondria that acts a molecular mill.

The Regeneration of ATP

 By adding of a phosphate group to adenosine

diphosphate (ADP) it is generated that ATP is a
renewable resource.
 For this process it requires ATP synthase and H ions
(from water.)

The energy process to phosphorylate ADP come

catabolic reactions in the cell.

The chemical potential energy that is temporarily

stored in ATP can then be used to drive most cellular work.

Figure 1.6 The Regeneration of ATP

Image Credit: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/atpproduction-
190222134527/95/atp-production-19-
638.jpg?cb=1550843159
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 What I Can Do

Activity 1.0: Matching Type

Directions: Match the words in column A with the appropriate description in column B,
write the letter on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B
A. The use of an exergonic process to drive an
1. ATP synthase
endergonic one.
2. ATP (Adenosine B. A protein complex in the mitochondria that acts a
Triphosphate) molecular mill and converts ADP into ATP.
C. The process where the bonds between the phosphate
3. Energy coupling
groups of ATP’s tail can be broken.
D. Transfer of electrons during chemical reactions
4. Hydrolysis
releases energy stored in organic molecules.

5. Redox Reaction E. The energy unit of the cell.

Activity 1.1 True or False

Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Place T on the line if you think a
statement is TRUE. Place F on the line if you think the statement is FALSE. Write
your answer on separate sheet of paper.

____1. ATP is a renewable resource that is regenerated by addition of a phosphate

group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
____2. The three types of cellular work are powered by the hydrolysis of ATP.
____3. The bonds between the phosphate groups of ATP’s tail can be broken by
dehydration synthesis.
____4. ATP is composed of an adeno. Group, a sugar group and four phosphates.
____5. In reduction, a substance gains electrons, or is reduced the amount of
positive charge is reduced.
____6. The transfer of electrons during chemical reactions releases energy stored in
organic molecules.
____7. Most energy coupling in cells is mediated by ATP.
____8. ATP is a renewable resource that is regenerated by addition of a phosphate
group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
____9. Cells used chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP,
which power work.
____10. In Oxidation, a substance gains electrons, or is oxidized.
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 What’s More

The next activity will help you transfer your knowledge which you have learned or
gained into real-life situations.

Activity 2.0: Think Critically

Directions: Briefly answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Imagine you are invited to join a 50-kilometer bike marathon event in your area.
Describe your preparation for the said event.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

2. Discuss the role of ATPs in your body for the upcoming bike marathon event.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

3. How does the ATP work in your body during the bike marathon event?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 2.1: Complete Me

Directions: Draw on a separate sheet of paper and complete the illustration that shows
the energy flow and chemical recycling in ecosystem.

ENERGY FLOW AND CHEMICAL RECYCLING IN ECOSYSTEM

Image Credit: https://memorang-prod-media.s3.amazonaws.com/images/5b89d272-904d-

47fc-965c-594a4ddbc5d3.jpg

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Fill Me In

Directions: Read the paragraph carefully. Fill in the blanks with the correct word
from the box. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

cells high-energy hydrolysis nucleotide

unphosphorylated endergonic phosphorylation

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy-supplying molecule for

living cells. ATP is made up of a 1.______________________, a five-carbon sugar, and
three phosphate groups.

The bond that connects the phosphates (phosphoanhyride bonds) have

2.__________________ content. The energy released from the 3._______________ of
ATP into ADP + Pi is used to perform cellular work. 4._____________ use ATP to
perform work by coupling the exergonic reaction of ATP with 5._________________
reactions.

ATP donates its phosphate group to another molecule via a process known
as 6.__________________. The phosphorylated molecule is at a higher-energy state
and is less stable than its 7._________________ form, and this added energy from
the addition of the phosphate allows the molecule to undergo its endergonic
reaction.

10
 Assessment

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do we call the process whereby water is taken ADP and a phosphate group
when ATP is made?
A. Dehydration synthesis
B. Hydrolysis synthesis
C. The ATP-ADP cycle
D. Photosynthesis

2. What are the parts of the ATP molecule?

A. Adenine, thylakoids, stroma
B. Stroma, grana, chlorophyll
C. Adenine, ribose, phosphate groups
D. NADH, NAHPH, FADH

3. Which of the following molecules is likely to have the most potential energy?
A. Sucrose B. ATP C. Glucose D. ADP

4. What do we call the process whereby water is released when ATP is made?
A. Dehydration synthesis C. The ATP-ADP cycle
B. Hydrolysis synthesis D. Photosynthesis

5. Ionic gradient in which part of the mitochondrion drives the synthesis of ATP?
A. Matrix C. Inner membrane
B. Outer membrane D. DNA

6. This pigment molecule that absorbs light energy and passes it on the other
molecules of the photosynthesis “light system” is called _____________________.
A. hemoglobin C. chlorophyll
B. chloroplast D. cytochrome

7. Energy is released from ATP when?

A. A phosphate group is added
B. Adenine bonds to ribose
C. ATP is exposed to sunlight
D. A phosphate group is removed

11
 8. TCA cycle is a ______________ process and glycolysis is a _______________ process.
A. aerobic, anaerobic
B. anaerobic, aerobic
C. aerobic, aerobic
D. oxidation, reduction

9. The site of glycolysis in the cell is the _____________________.

A. nucleus
B. cytoplasm
C. mitochondria
D. extracellular fluid

10. About how many molecules of ATP can be generated from one molecule of
glucose?
A. 2 B. 6 C. 36 D. 4

11. Which of the following can be compared to a battery in need of recharging?

A. ADP B. ATP C. Ribose D. Adenosine

12. The process by which glucose is converted to glycogen is _________________.

A. gluconeonesis C. glycogenolysis
B. glycogenesis D. glycolysis

13. What do all cells use for energy?

A. Carbs B. Protein C. Fat D. ATP

14. The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is ___________________________________.

A. primarily stored between the alpha and beta phosphates
B. equal to -57 kcal/mol
C. harnessed as heat energy by the cell to perform work
D. providing energy to coupled reactions

15. Which of the following results in the storage of energy in terms of ATP/ADP cycle?
A. The breaking of the bond between the 5-carbon sugar and the 1st phosphate
group.
B. The addition of the phosphate group.
C. The removal of the phosphate group.
D. The addition of glucose.

12
 13
What I Have Learned
What I know Assessment
Activity 3 (Fill Me In) 1. C 1. A
2. D 2. C
1. nucleotide
3. A 3. A
2. high-energy
4. B 4. A
3. hydrolysis
5. D 5. C
4. cells
6. A 6. B
5. endergonic
7. A 7. D
6. phosphorylation
8. C 8. A
7. unphosphorylated
9. A 9. B
10. C 10. C
What’s More 11. D 11. A
12. A 12. B
Activity 2.0 (Think Critically) 13. B 13. D
Answers may vary. 14. B 14. D
15. B 15. B
Activity 2.1 (Complete Me)
What I Can Do
Activity 1.0 (Matching Type)
1. B
2. E.
3. A.
4. C
5. D
Activity 1.1 (True or False)
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. T
8. T
9. T
10. F
Answer Key
 References

Online Source:
Rye, Connie (East Mississippi Community College), Wise, Robert (University of Wisconsin,
Oshkosh), Jurukovski, Vladimir (Suffolk County Community College), DeSaix, Jean
(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Choi, Jung (Georgia Institute of
Technology), Avissar, Yael (Rhode Island College) Introductory and General
Biology Book. LibreTexts Libraries, Openstax, March 06, 2021 from
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A
_General_Biology_(OpenStax)/2%3A_The_Cell/06%3A_Metabolism/6.4%3A_ATP%3A
_Adenosine_Triphosphate?fbclid=IwAR3zUQbhXI5oKJGuROAqAGbpx5nZYvd_1oNJI
KgAZm-7IvoN4eDXne1MLW8

Image Sources:

1. Accessed Date: August 17, 2021, Retrieved from

https://memorang-prod-media.s3.amazonaws.com/images/5b89d272-904d-
47fc-965c594a4ddbc5d3.jpg

2. Accessed Date: August 17, 2021, Retrieved from

https://memorang-prod-media.s3.amazonaws.com/images/5b89d272-904d-
47fc-965c-594a4ddbc5d3.jpg

3. Accessed Date: August 17, 2021, Retrieved from

http://www.sliderbase.com/images/referats/1416/image040.png

4. Accessed Date: August 17, 2021, Retrieved from

http://bio1151b.nicerweb.net/Locked/media/ch08/08_11ATPTransMechWork-
L.jpg

5. Accessed Date: August 17, 2021, Retrieved from

https://slideplayer.com/slide/9403114/28/images/18/ATP+%25E2%2580%2593+AD
P+Cycle+H2O+Energy+for+cellular+work+%2528endergonic%252C.jpg

6. Accessed Date: August 17, 2021, Retrieved from

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/atpproduction-190222134527/95/atp-
production-19-638.jpg?cb=1550843159

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO Palawan

Curriculum Implementation Division Office

2nd Floor DepED Palawan Building
Telephone no. (048) 433-3292

Learning Resources Management Section

LRMS Building, PEO Compound
Telephone No. (048) 434-0099

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