ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

I/ Adjective clause pronouns used as the subject : Ex:1. The man is Mr Pike. He is standing over there. ->The man who/ that is standing over there is Mr Pike. an adjective clause 2. The book is mine. It is on the table. -> The book which / that is on the table is mine. an adjective clause WHO/ WHICH is the subject of the adjective clause. THAT can replace for WHO/ WHICH. II/ Adjective clause pronouns used as the object of the verb: Ex:1. The students were very nice. We visited them yesterday. -> The students who(m) / that we visited yesterday were very nice. 2. I like the composition. You wrote it. -> I like the composition which/ that you wrote. THAT can replace for WHOM/ WHICH. III/ Adjective clause pronouns used as the object of a preposition. Ex:1. She is the teacher . I told you about her. -> She is the teacher about whom I told you. -> She is the teacher who(m)/ that I told you about. 2. The music was good. We listened to it last night. -> The music to which we listened last night was good. -> The music which/ that we listened to last night was good. Note : If the preposition comes at the beginning of the adjective clause, only whom or which may be used. A preposition is never immediately followed by that or who. IV/ Using WHOSE in adjective clauses : Ex: 1. I know the boy. His bicycle was stolen. -> I know the boy whose bicycle was stolen. 2. Mr. Catt has a painting. Its value is inestimable. -> Mr. Catt has a painting whose value is inestimable. V/ Using WHERE and WHEN in adjective clauses: Ex: 1. The building is very old. He lives in that building (there). -> The building where he lives is very old. 2. Ill never forget the day. I met you on that day (then) -> Ill never forget the day when I met you. VI/ Defining and Non- defining relative clauses : Ex: 1. The man whom (that) I met yesterday teaches chemistry. 2. Mr Lee, whom ( that ) I met yesterday, teaches chemistry. NOTES: + Defining relative clauses are used to clearly define who or what are being talk about. The information provided in a defining relative clause is essential to understand the meaning of the sentence. In defining relative clause commas not used. (ex 1) + Non- defining relative clauses provide additional information which is not essential to understand the meaning of the sentence.(ex2) + THAT may not be used in non- defining relative clause. Remind relative pronouns in defining relative clauses and non- defining relative clauses :

Persons
Subjects Objects Possessives - who, that ( used in RC) - who (used in non RC) - who, whom, that ( used inRC) - who, whom( used in non - RC) Whose ( used in non RC and RC)

Things
- which, that ( used in RC) - which (used in non RC) - which, that ( used in RC) - which (used in non RC) whose, of which ( used in non RC and RC)

VII/ Reducing adjective clauses to adjective phrases: . Relative clauses replaced by present participle phrase Eg:1. Those people who are taking photos over there come from Sweeden. Those people taking photos over there come from Sweeden. Relative clauses with active meaning can be reduced by present participial phrase. . Relative clauses replaced by past participle phrase: Eg:1. The boy who was given a present is my son. The boy given a present is my son. Relative clauses with passive meaning can be reduced by past participial phrase. VIII/ Omission of Relative Pronouns. 1. Relative pronoun in defining/ restrictive relative clauses can be omitted if it is object of the verb. Eg: I enjoy the book which / that you lent me yesterday. -> I enjoy the book you lent me yesterday. 2.Relative pronoun in defining/ restrictive relative clauses can be omitted if it is object of apreposition and the preposition stands at the end of the relative clauses. Eg: - The school which I used to go to is very big. - The school to which I used to go is very big. -> The school I used to go to is very big.

EXERCISES

( ADJECTIVE CLAUSES )

I/ Rewrite these sentences: 1. The blue whale is considered the largest animal that ever lived. It can grow to 100 feet and 150 tons.
2.The gaint anteater lipks up ants for its dinner. Its toungue is longer than 30 centimeters.

3.The mans wife had been admitted to the hospital. I spoke to him. The man has been imprisoned. He shot two policeman. 5. The building has now been rebuilt. It was destroyed in the fire. 6. The science has won the Nobel Prize . He discovered a new planet 7. The bomb caused a lot of damage. It went off this morning 8. Vicky is away from home often .Her job involves a lot of travelling. 9. Algebra problems contain letters. They stand for unknown numbers. 10. Aunt Joan is a bit deaf, She couldnt hear the phone. 11.Henry is also a member of our club. You will meet him tomorrow. 12. The city was very beautiful. We lived there three years ago. 13.Is this the city ? It was founded over three hundred years ago.

14.They own an original Picasso painting. The value of the painting is more than a million dollars.. 15.Its a book . The content of the book will interest children of all ages. 16.Summer is the time . We have a lot of recreations during the time. 17.You have no need to tell me the reason. You are often late for work for that reason. 18.I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.. 19.The children who attent that school receive a good education. 20.He read The Old Man and the Sea , which is a novel which was written by Ernest Hemingway. 21.The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. 22.Be sure t follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.. 23.The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary. 24.The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries. 25.Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia. 26.I love my parents house . I was born in that house. 27. This is the house. We often stay in this house in the summer. 28.The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers. 29. I never forget the park. We met each other for the first time at this park 30. I must thank the people. I got a present from them. 31. I ran into a woman. I had gone to elementary school with her. 32.The scientist is well known for her research. We met her yesterday. 33. Mr. North teaches a class for students. Their native language is not English. 34. Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spottedwild cat that is native to tropical America. 35. Mt. Everest is in Himalayas. It is the highest mountain in the world. II/ Correct the errors. 1. One of the people which admire most is my uncle. 2. Baseball is the onlt sport in which I am interested in it. 3. My favorite teacher, Mr. Chu, he was always willing to help me after class. 4. Do you know the woman who coming toward us? 5. The playground wasnt used by the children for who it was built. 7. The house into which the thieves broke is owned by Peter Brown. 8. It is almost impossiple to find two persons who their opinions are the same. 9. The party, to which Ive been looking forward all week, is at Marys house. 10. The water that she fell into was freezing cold.
11. The college is home to 30 students from Nepal, almost all of who are studying economics.

15.There are ten universities in Thailan,seven of them locate in Bangkok is the

16. My sister has two childrens, who their manes are Ali and Talal. 17. he comfrom Venezuela that is a Spanish-speaking country. 18. I have some good advice for anyone who he wants to learn a second language. 19. An old man was fishing next to me on the pier was muttering to himself. 20. When I was child, I was always afraid of the beggers who they went from house to house in my neighborhood. 21. At the national park, there is a path leads to aspectacular waterfall. 22. The road that we took it through the forest it was narrow and steep. 23. There is a small wooden screen separates the bed from the rest of the room. 24.At the airport,I was waiting for some relatives which I had never met them before. 25. On the wall, there is a colorful poster which it consists of a group of young people who dancing. 3. Why do you say we are fond of luxuries? For one thing, the streets of BangKok are full of private cars, ------ are expensive. A. almost of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 4. Chilren --------------- mothers drink heavily during pregnancy are often born with innate defects. A.their B. whose C. who have D. who 19.These adults, ________ come to my night class, are very eager to learn. a). whose b). who c). that d). which

12. I have heard her on the violin and clarinet, both which she plays extremely well. 13. The sixth member of our household is Alex that is my sisters son. 14. The film was made at Tulloch Castle, part of it dates back to 1466