TABLE OF CONTENTS

“Difference on the Level of Customer Satisfaction Among

Private Senior High School Students in CALABARZON

Before and After Putting a Price Discount Label

on Binahiga’s Packaging” 1

“Effects of Nutritional Marketing to CALABARZON

Private Senior High School Students’ Buying

Attitude toward K19ookies” 19

 “Difference on the Level of Customer
Satisfaction Among Private Senior High
School Students in CALABARZON Before
and After Putting a Price Discount Label
on Binahiga’s Packaging”
Josiah Keil S. Dinglasan Max Alessandra B. Perez
De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City

Jhon Aerol E. Latina Jean A. Mendoza

De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City

ABSTRACT: In this research study, implementation of price discount labels as a

marketing strategy was assessed to identify the difference it makes to the
level of customer satisfaction on the product Binahiga. The study aimed to
address the identified research problem about the starting profitability of SEAty
Co. An embedded design, covering a pre-test, an intervention, and a post-test,
was conducted on a population of senior high school students. The respondents
of the study were chosen through random sampling from a population. In the
data analysis, quantitative data were analyzed through both descriptive and
inferential analysis; mean and paired t-tests were used, respectively. On the
other hand, qualitative data were analyzed through the Glaserian coding
process. Through these methods, the null hypothesis was rejected as the findings
reveal a significant difference between the level of customer satisfaction on
Binahiga before and after implementing the price discount label. However, the
mean difference (0.006) suggests that customers are almost equally
satisfied with Binahiga as a meal snack on the pre-test and the post-test.

KEYWORDS: marketing strategy; customer satisfaction; Binahiga; SEAty Co.; price

discount label

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INTRODUCTION

According to the 2019 MSME Statistics, 1,000,506 business enterprises are recorded

to be operating in the country (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2019), with 995,745 (99.5%)

falling under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) category. This figure then

represents the numerous competitors in the industry commonly linked to business

profitability.

Given that there are multitudes of start-up enterprises established (Department of

Trade and Industry, 2019), the products of other enterprises are threats to others.

However, this threat can be converted into an opportunity by offering the chance to push

and develop oneself. As stated by Chan (2017), the elements of competitive analysis,

when carefully studied, can be transformed into business profitability. Studying

enterprises’ competitors can help determine their revenue and profitability prospects.

Many researchers have investigated the importance of customer satisfaction.

Since the goal of business enterprises is to satisfy customers, it is vital to know the factors

of customer satisfaction. According to Razak et. al (2016), customer satisfaction is

determined by the customer's desire for the quality and price of products. When the price

is high, consumers perceive that the quality of the product is also high, while concerning

price discounts, consumers perceive that more highly discounted products are of lower

quality. As mentioned by Lee and Chen-Yu (2018), the price discount is a very prevalent

marketing strategy to attract consumers as it provides extra value or incentive, which

encourages consumers to purchase the promoted products immediately.

Since the price can be used as a resource to increase both profit and customer

satisfaction, the researcher, SEAty Co., assessed the customer satisfaction of the students

before and after putting the price discount label. SEAty Co. is a manufacturing start-up

enterprise that offers Binahiga, a convenient meal snack primarily featuring galunggong

incorporated with different flavors. In the latter part of the research, results produced data

revealing the effectiveness of a price discount label as a marketing strategy that has the

end goal of addressing the research problem of starting profitability.

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 The above-mentioned aspects of this research were extracted by having statements

of the problems (SOPs) as the backbone of the research process. In this study, there were four

SOPs of quantitative and qualitative aspects. First RQs were about SHS’ perception towards

Binahiga, the second was about the level of customer satisfaction towards Binahiga, the third

focused on the attractiveness of a price discount label, and the last was a mixed-method

question that determines the significant difference yielded from the data.

METHODOLOGY

The study implemented an embedded research design that includes collecting

quantitative and qualitative data through a pre-test, intervention, and post-test. The pre-test

and post-test highlight customer satisfaction, the dependent variable, while the independent

variable, the price discount label, serves as the study's intervention. Consequently, the

sampling design for data collection is simple random sampling. In this sampling, each person

in the population has an equal chance of being selected (Thomas, 2020). Research

instruments used in the study were a pre-test and post-test survey, as well as an interview

questionnaire formatted in Google Forms. In this regard, the avenue of the data collection

was online through Google Forms. Accordingly, the study population for its quantitative and

qualitative aspects is senior high school students. The sample size of the quantitative survey,

both pre-test, and post-test, were 40 randomly selected students, among which 15 were

randomly chosen to be key informants of the subsequent interview questions. With this data

collection, the quantitative results are explored in more depth through a qualitative follow-up

within the same sample (Creswell, 2014). The data analysis conducted in the study

for collecting quantitative data were measures of central tendency focused on the mean

(SOP#2 and SOP#3) and paired t-test using SPSS (SOP#4); while the qualitative data

were analyzed using the Glaserian coding process (SOP#1 and SOP#4).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents data collected in tabular form, supported with corresponding

interpretation and implications.

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Respondents’ perception of Binahiga in terms of its price and idealness as a meal snack

Majority of the data gathered regarding the respondents’ emotional approach to the

overall appearance of Binahiga is its quality of “visually appealing” that makes it look

“appetizing.” These responses were equally generated from both pre-discount and

post-discount. Moreover, in the aspect of quality, most respondents yielded the words

“eco-friendly” and “sustainable packaging” as the first words that came to their mind. In

addition, five of the respondents also mentioned “Filipino culture” and “familiarity,” stating

that the packaging reminds them of local Filipino food packaging. To summarize the

respondents’ overall perception towards Binahiga’s packaging hence, appearance, a

respondent stated:

“It’s eco-friendly and somehow represents (again) the culture and native delicacies

of Filipinos. Although some already use this kind of packaging for turon, bibingka,

puto-bumbong, etc., it still serves its purpose while also saving the environment.”

When it comes to Binahiga’s pre-discount price, eight (8) of the fifteen (15)

respondents’ thought experience was that of “affordability,” while four (4) other agreed that

the price is “fair.” On the contrary, one (1) respondent stated that it could be better

if Binahiga is sold at a lower price given its small serving and biodegradable banana leaf

packaging. Another thought expressed was that it would be more preferred if Binahiga is sold

in twos. Lastly, one (1) respondent specifically mentioned:

“Considering my limited student budget, I would not be tempted to buy this product

on a regular basis, probably only on the days I’m willing to splurge a bit, especially

because there are cheaper snack alternatives around.”

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 As a related study aligned with the quoted response above, Loria (2019) mentioned in

her research that “Most shoppers (63 percent) are doing a quick Google search to find out if

they can find a better price for the products, they’re interested in to optimize their spending”.

In the end, Loria (2019) concluded that “it’s clear that shoppers are looking for the most

competitive pricing before making a purchase.”

On the other hand, nothing has changed in the post-discount thought experience of

the respondents on Binahiga’s price. The same “affordable”, “fair”, “better sold in two” codes

were generated. However, there were a few additional codes generated such as “satisfied”

and “fulfilled”. Overall, the majority of the respondents agreed that the wholeness of

Binahiga’s quality and features is fair and reasonable.

Upon implementation of the price discount, two (2) of the fifteen (15) respondents

stated that the price discount is not quite appealing and that the original price is more

preferred, respectively. On the contrary, thirteen (13) of the fifteen (15) respondents were

“attracted” more to purchasing Binahiga with the price discount imposed. As a post

evaluation, one respondent said:

“With the discounted price, I think the quality and features of the product exceed the

expectations of the consumers.”

On the other hand, although the majority’s perception of Binahiga’s quality and

features were positively moved after implementing a price discount, one (1) respondent

asserted that the price discount wasn’t a factor for the overall quality and features of

Binahiga; however, it can also be considered as a marketing strategy. In addition, one

(1) respondent’s opinion on the same matter is the “limited features” of Binahiga.

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 Table 1.

Level of Customer Satisfaction on Binahiga (Pre-test)

Customer Satisfaction Before Putting Price Discount Label

Customer Satisfaction Mean Interpretation

I am satisfied with the price of Binahiga. 3.68 Very Good

I am satisfied with the three flavors (Spicy GG, Cheesy

3.45 Very Good
GG and Honey GG) of Binahiga.

I am satisfied with the sustainable packaging of

3.68 Very Good
Binahiga.

I am satisfied with the benefits and nutrients I can

3.83 Very Good
receive from Binahiga

I am satisfied with Binahiga's overall quality. 3.6 Very Good

I am satisfied with the shelf life of Binahiga 3.75 Very Good

I am satisfied with the appearance of the product. 3.53 Very Good

I am satisfied with Binahiga’s serving size. 3.68 Very Good

I am satisfied with Binahiga, considering its overall

3.7 Very Good
details.

I would like to recommend Binahiga to my family

3.58 Very Good
and/or friends.

I am willing to purchase and support SEAty Co.’s

3.65 Very Good
Binahiga, considering its features, quality, and price?

OVERALL 3.65 Very Good

Table 1 shows the result of the respondents’ level of satisfaction with Binahiga, given

the product’s various features, before the implementation of the price discount.

All eleven (11) statements, each targeting a different feature of Binahiga, yielded

a mean equivalent to “very good,” which is the highest among the ranges’ corresponding

verbal interpretations. These findings imply that the respondents are highly satisfied with

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Binahiga in terms of its appearance, price, variety of flavors, packaging, benefits, shelf life,

serving size, and overall quality. Among these, the feature with the highest mean (3.83) of

customer satisfaction is the benefits and nutrients derived from Binahiga. This is upon

presenting Binahiga’s health benefits, such as containing high-quality protein, iodine, Vitamin

D, and Omega-3 fatty acids from its fish component. According to Wiley (2019), healthy

eating has become mainstream, with most consumers expecting foods and beverages that

meet increasingly nuanced attributes of health and wellness, ethics, and sustainability. This

explains why customers were satisfied most with Binahiga’s health benefits. On the contrary,

the statement from the research instrument, ‘I am satisfied with the three flavors (Spicy GG,

Cheesy GG, and Honey GG) of Binahiga,’ has the lowest value mean (3.45) among the

survey questionnaire. This could mean that senior high school students are looking for

more choices regarding Binahiga’s variety of flavors.

Table 2.

Level of Customer Satisfaction on Binahiga (Post-test)

Customer Satisfaction After Putting Price Discount Label

Customer Satisfaction Mean Interpretation

I am satisfied with the price of Binahiga. 3.63 Very Good

I am satisfied with the three flavors (Spicy GG, Cheesy 3.59 Very Good
GG and Honey GG) of Binahiga.

I am satisfied with the sustainable packaging of 3.76 Very Good

Binahiga.

I am satisfied with the benefits and nutrients I can 3.88 Very Good
receive from Binahiga

I am satisfied with Binahiga's overall quality. 3.63 Very Good

I am satisfied with the shelf life of Binahiga 3.88 Very Good

I am satisfied with the appearance of the product. 3.71 Very Good

I am satisfied with Binahiga’s serving size. 3.76 Very Good

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 I am satisfied with Binahiga, considering its overall 3.85 Very Good
details.

I would like to recommend Binahiga to my family 3.83 Very Good

and/or friends.

I am willing to purchase and support SEAty Co.’s 3.93 Very Good

Binahiga, considering its features, quality, and price?

OVERALL 3.77 Very Good

Table 2 shows the result of the respondents’ level of satisfaction with Binahiga, given

the product’s various features, after the implementation of the price discount. The overall

mean is 3.77, with the verbal interpretation of “very good.” This finding reveals that the

respondents are highly satisfied with Binahiga. Among the yielded mean values, the

statement about the respondents’ willingness to purchase and support SEAty Co.’s Binahiga,

considering its features, quality, and price, has the highest (3.93) mean. The statement

was more on the overall satisfaction of the respondents on Binahiga. The specific features

having the highest mean (3.88) are Binahiga’s health benefits and shelf life. According to a

study conducted by Ares and Gambaro (2008), “Ninety-five and seventy-nine percent of

the consumers stated that they read shelf-life information at purchase and consumption

stage, respectively, which suggests the importance of proper shelf-life labeling.” On the other

hand, 3.59 is the lowest mean value among the rest, with the corresponding statement, ‘I am

satisfied with the three flavors (Spicy GG, Cheesy GG, and Honey GG) of Binahiga.’. Roberts

(2020) stated that flavor is a measurable reason for higher price points. When flavors are

highly differentiated, this allows for price points that create consumer value and exceed the

competition. Then, it may be assumed that the respondents are looking for more options

from the given variety of flavors of Binahiga.

The yielded overall mean of the post-test did not quite make a difference from the

pre-test’s–3.65 has little difference from 3.77. This suggests that with or without the

price discount label, consumers are almost equally satisfied with Binahiga as a meal snack.

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 Table 3.

Test of Attraction towards Binahiga with Price Discount Label on Packaging

Customer Satisfaction Mean Interpretation

Binahiga’s packaging without the price discount label is 3.12 Good

as attractive as Binahiga with a price discount label.

I am more attracted to Binahiga with the price discount 3.22 Good

label than without the price discount label.

Binahiga’s price discount label attracted me better than 3.1 Good

the Binahiga with the original price.

Binahiga looked better to buy with a price discount label. 3.39 Very Good

Binahiga did not look better with a price discount label 3.2 Good
for me to purchase it.

I am highly attracted upon seeing Binahiga with a “14% 3.27 Very Good
Discount” label.

I am attracted enough to buy Binahiga given the price 3.37 Very Good
discount label of 14%.

Binahiga’s price discount label increased my willingness 3.29 Very Good

to purchase it.

I am interested in buying a product that has 3.73 Very Good

environmentally friendly packaging with a discount
label.

Given the 14% price discount label of Binahiga above its 3.76 Very Good
environmentally friendly packaging, I am willing to
purchase it as a meal snack, should its price is within my
budget.

OVERALL 3.35 Very Good

Table 3 presents the respondents’ comparative attraction towards Binahiga with and

without price discount label. The pool of statements evaluated in this section serves as a

conclusion of the pre-test and post-test.

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 With an overall mean of 3.35, the data reveals that the respondents are more attracted

to Binahiga with the price discount label. The willingness of the market to purchase Binahiga

has increased with the price discount label factor. This is consistent with the related studies of

Lee and Chen-Yu (2018), stating that “positive affect increased as price discounts increased;

price discounts apparently cause consumers to have positive feelings, such as happiness,

pleasure, contentment, and excitement.” More particularly, the table shows the survey

question: “Given the 14% price discount label of Binahiga above its environmentally-friendly

packaging. I am willing to purchase it as a meal snack, should its price is within my budget”

has the highest mean of 3.76 (interpretation - Very Good) within all the questions

regarding respondents’ comparative attraction towards Binahiga with and without price

discount label. Thus, given Binahiga's fourteen percent discount (14%) and

environmentally friendly packaging, the respondents are more willing to purchase

Binahigaas as their meal snack if the product is within their budget. Homburg et al. (2010)

believe that one’s behavior towards spending on eating is dependent on his or her income

(or allowance, in this case), thereby aligning a consumer’s purchase behavior with

budgeting expenses. Also, given the fact that the income of every consumer varies,

enterprises should be familiar with and consider their target market budget range to have

successful and profitable operations. Going back to the data above, it can be seen that the

survey question that represents: “Binahiga's price discount label attracted me better than the

Binahiga with the original price.” has the lowest value of mean (3.10 or simple 3.1;

interpretation - Good) among the rest. This could mean that Senior High School Students

agreed that Binahiga with a price discount label is preferred rather than the Binahiga with the

original price. A price discount is a very prevalent marketing strategy to attract consumers by

providing an extra value or incentive, which encourages consumers to purchase the

promoted products immediately (Yin & Huang 2014).

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Table 4.

Test of Significant Difference between Customer Satisfaction Before and After Implementing

a Price Discount Label

Price Discount Label

Customer Mean Mean t-value p-value Interpretation

Satisfaction Difference

Pre-Test 3.6462
-0.061 -2.913 0.006 Significant
Post-Test 3.7072

Table 4 shows the results of the test of the difference between customer satisfaction

before and after putting a price discount label on Binahiga’s packaging.

The presence of a price discount label revealed a significant difference in the level of

customer satisfaction, particularly when it was withdrawn from and placed upon Binahiga’s

packaging. This is given evidenced by the mean difference of -0.061, which is acquired by

subtracting the given means of the pre-test and post-test. Moreover, this number entails that

having a price discount label on Binahiga during the post-test received different reception

from the respondents compared to the pre-test, in which the price discount label was

non-existent. Further, the probability value of 0.006 is less than 0.05 and within the

acceptance curve; thus, the null hypothesis associated with this difference is rejected.

The results mentioned above are supported by the statements made by the

respondents from the interview, in which they were asked about their reaction to Binahiga,

with and without a price discount label. Twelve (12) out of fifteen interviewed

respondents mentioned that they are “pleased” and “attracted to the product’s price

discount.” Moreover, several of these respondents described how they were already content

with the original price of Binahiga, and some deemed the product “expensive” because of

some of its features such as its size and, more importantly, its price. However, they explained

how these prior notions “shifted” as they came across the price discount label on Binahiga.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 11

The following statement of a respondent surmises their attraction and perception of the price

discount label o the product:

“I was already happy with the original price label as I could already see the product

[was] very worth it, but with the discounted price I have been more enticed exponentially, as

the product would be more inclusive and more people would be able to afford it.”

Meanwhile, three (3) out of fifteen respondents prefer and are inclined to the original

price of Binahiga even after witnessing the price discount label, because it seemed more

“pleasant” than the discounted price and discount did not meet their expectations for the

product.

Multiple authors explained that price discounts are significant in attaining positive

customer satisfaction. Miksen (2019) and Roque (2021) denote that implementing a

discount pricing strategy boosts customer attraction towards a product and allows them to

save money by lowering their financial risks. Moreover, Santini et al. (2015) stated that

promotional strategies such as discount pricing induce customer gratification as it gives

pleasure and excitement to customers.

Apart from this, thirteen (13) interviewed respondents were asked regarding the

elements of Binahiga that they found interesting as a whole, as well as features that they

might have found off-putting. Their statements are conducive to explaining how their

perception as customers affects the impact of the price discount label on the value of

Binahiga. All thirteen (13) respondents are satisfied with the overall features and benefits of

Binahiga, including its packaging, appearance, and quality, which the following response

highlights:

“I am satisfied with all the elements of the product, especially the sustainable

packaging and nutritious benefits. It really sets it apart from other products.”

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 12

 Although, two (2) of the same set of respondents added some qualities of Binahiga

that they are not attracted to, such as having a “small portion size”, as well as ingredients and

flavors of the product that are not their own preference.

Al-Salamin and Al-Hassan (2016) mentioned that a positive relationship transpired

between customer satisfaction and promotional pricing strategies such as discount pricing.

In which products, having price discount labels and originated through corporate social

responsibilities would encourage more customers to patronize such items.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

The study sought to identify the customer satisfaction of Senior High School students

before and after putting a price discount label on the product Binahiga. Based on the

qualitative and quantitative results and findings of the study, the following conclusions are

formulated:

1. Results show that in terms of Binahiga's quality, customer satisfaction is invariable.

However, in terms of preferred price, the discounted price is more preferred.

2. Most respondents acknowledged that Binahiga's content and functionality are fair

and reasonable in their totality.

3. After knowing about the features, quality, and price of Binahiga, the respondents

concluded that they would buy and support it.

4. The results based on the overall mean upon paired t-test yielded an interpretation

that there is a significant difference in the customer satisfaction between the pre-test

and post-test. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study is rejected.

5. With such a level of satisfaction, the willingness of the consumers to purchase

Binahiga has increased with the price discount label factor.

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Recommendation

With the results and findings of the study, it is identified that there is a difference in

customer satisfaction before and after putting the price discount label. Moreover, with the

results gathered, the researchers forward the following recommendations:

1. It is recommended that the variable “price” is emphasized in the instruments

(pre-test and post-test). That is to clarify that respondents’ evaluation of

their satisfaction with “price” should be wholly based on Binahiga's features,

packaging, and flavors; for instance, whether with Binahiga’s food components,

they perceive the price fair or unfair.

2. If the study is to be conducted with the same variables, it is recommended to

perform it face-to-face rather than online in order to more accurately evaluate

and observe the environment whilst the pretest and posttest.

It is recommended to consider other variables in measuring the

effectiveness/efficiency of price discount labels as a marketing strategy.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 14

REFERENCES

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Chan, M. (2017, July 31). Pricing, quality, perception and profits: A complex relationship.

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Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods

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Delayco, M. C., & Biana, H. T. (2015). Dine in or out: Understanding the budgeting and

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The completion of this research could not have been successful without the

collaborative effort of the following individuals:

Azer Anne M. Alvarez, Guil Ayessa C. Bagsit, Marichelle Anne M. Dimaano, Josiah Keil S.

Dinglasan, Jhon Aerol E. Latina, Lorelyn U. Lipa, Angeli Kathryn E. Mallare, Kathyreen E. Mendoza,

Michaella G. Pangilinan, Joyce D. Peña, Max Alessandra B. Perez, Zyrene S. Perez, Anne Cheska

C. Raymundo, Charlotte K. Recio, and Agatha Mikaela D. Vedia.

The group would like to express their indebtedness to Ms. Jean Mendoza for her

continued support and assistance in the whole process of the research. Her passion for

helping the group produce a competent paper is truly fervent.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 17

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Josiah Keil S. Dinglasan

Josiah Dinglasan is the Chief Executive Officer of SEAty Co. She

is an undergraduate of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy.

Jhon Aerol E. Latina

Jhon Latina is the Executive Secretary of SEAty Co. He is an

undergraduate of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy.

Max Alessandra B. Perez

Max Perez is the Vice President of the Human Resources

department of SEAty Co. She is an undergraduate of Bachelor of

Science in Accountancy.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 18

 “Effects of Nutritional Marketing to
CALABARZON Private Senior High School
Students’ Buying Attitude toward
K19ookies”
Ivan Joe Vincent V. Brosoto Katrina A. Laboriante
De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City

Frank Ivan Cedric V. Coronacion Kristin Elisha L. Tobias

De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City

Jean A. Mendoza
De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of nutritional marketing of UniTreats

Co.'s K₁₉ookies on the buying attitude of its target market, the Senior High School
(SHS) students. Moreover, this study sought to gather precise and relevant data
on both variables and further define and understand them. This is to weigh
positive and negative outcomes of the said variables and develop more or divert
from nutritional marketing strategies in the future. As a mixed-method research
study, self-administered questionnaires and one-on-one interviews were used to
gather data from the respondents. Thirty (30) SHS students participated in
answering the questionnaires provided by the researchers. On the other
hand, ten (10) interviewees were engaged in one-on-one interviews held by the
researchers. Further, the study revealed that the average respondent has a
“Middle-level of awareness,” indicating that they are aware of the several forms
of nutritional marketing by K19ookies. In the context of the students’ buying
attitude toward K19ookies, the study revealed that the average
respondent has “Medium Involvement.” Finally, the researchers have concluded
that nutritional marketing significantly affects the buying attitude of SHS students
toward K19ookies.

KEYWORDS: nutritional marketing; buying attitude; marketing awareness; and levels of

involvement

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 19

INTRODUCTION

Nutritional Marketing is one of the many advertising strategies currently in the

economy. It features the use of a specific nutritional value as the main selling point of a

particular product and choosing the right audience or stakeholders to show it (Higuera,

2016). To exemplify, famous manifestations of nutritional marketing in big Philippine

corporations are Nestle’s Milo’s “Beat Energy Gap,” Del Monte’s Pineapple Juice’s “Counters

Cholesterol,” and Mead Johnson Nutrition’s Lactum’s “BIBO: Brain, Immunity, and Bones.” One

primary goal of marketing is improving the customer buying attitude, which is the intent to

purchase, affected by many distinct factors and can be defined by consumer involvement

or behavior. In this study, the main factor would include health problems and consciousness,

as nutritional marketing expectedly caters to it.

UniTreats Co.'s K19ookies are developed by Grade 12 ABM students aiming to

achieve innovation in health with their products and, eventually, the community. The social

enterprise’s selling point is that its weight-loss-friendly product also has more nutritional

value than its competitors.

From the data of over 30,000 consumers spread across 60 nations, Nielsen Global

Health and Wellness Survey (2015) stated that Generation Z is the most health-centered age

group, takes a holistic view of health, emphasizing physical fitness, healthy eating, and

mental well-being. Seventy-one percent (71%) of them are already saving for their future, with

41% willing to increase expenses to get natural consumption (p. 15). With sales of healthy food

variants, overindulgent ones increasing (p. 17) and 75% of people on weight-loss

changes their diets over other methods (p. 5), there is evidence that over the past years,

people, especially the youth, have been more health-conscious about the food they eat and

how it affects their well-being. Locally, Manila Standard Lifestyle (2020) states that even

before the COVID-19 pandemic, Amway Philippines’ survey showed an increase in consumer

want for healthier diet options, which increased more with the imposing of quarantine and

virus threat.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 20

 Here is where nutritional marketing comes into play. This advertising mostly affects

people who are experiencing health problems or want to improve their well-being and

lifestyle. The same problem is posed and the same solution with nutritional marketing. With

the Filipino youth currently at their highest point of health consciousness following many

years, the effects of nutritional marketing on the customer buying attitude may yield several

positive/negative effects. This is what the study will focus on finding.

The study is a mixed-method research study that uses a convergent parallel design.

According to Creswell (2014), using a convergent mixed-method approach allows the

researchers to merge quantitative or qualitative data to analyze the research problem

comprehensively. The researchers compared and related both data gathered in the

qualitative and quantitative phases of the study to help in the overall interpretation.

Moreover, it helps the researchers enhance the evaluation by ensuring that the strengths of

another balance the limits of one form of data. Through these, the researchers gained a

deeper understanding of the customer attitude in response to the nutritional marketing of the

SHS students. Additionally, the researchers aimed to find new and old perspectives about and

effects of nutritional marketing, their relevance and size, and how an increase of one variable

can lead to more of a particular effect. It also sought to find the correct balance of nutritional

marketing tactics that provide the desirable effects through examining customer perception.

According to Ikonen et al. (2020), a positive influence of nutritional marketing improves

health perceptions of both vice and virtue products. However, possible negative

consequences can affect different types' differences (p. 2). If positive results arise,

nutritional marketing can improve upon the existing marketing strategy of the social

enterprise or other manufacturers; hence, increasing sales, brand awareness, and other

aspects affected by customer buying attitude. If negative or insignificant results are obtained,

future researchers may look at what factors the study did wrong and improve upon it or look

at other target audiences. Generalizability is sought.

In brief, this study aimed to analyze and investigate the effects of nutritional marketing

on the target respondents’ buying attitude toward a product. Additionally, the respondents’

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 21

 qualitative perception of the K19ookies and their nutritional marketing was

considered. These two objectives were used to explain one another to deepen the

understanding of the topic.

METHODOLOGY

The study used a convergent-parallel mixed-method research design through

qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The respondents of the study are SHS students.

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic restrictions, the researchers employed convenience

sampling as the sampling method for both quantitative and qualitative data. For the

quantitative data, a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to 30 respondents

via Google Forms and statistically treated with IBM® SPSS® Statistics using simple linear

regression. Ten (10) respondents were interviewed via Google Meet for the qualitative data,

and their responses were transcribed and coded using the Glaserian Grounded Theory

Method (Biaggi & Wa-Mbaleka, 2018). Both types of data were first analyzed separately, then

together, to answer the research questions.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents data collected in tabular form, supported with corresponding

interpretation, implications, and theoretical bases.

Perception of SHS students toward nutritional marketing and buying K19ookies

After interviewing the ten (10) respondents, the researchers used the Glaserian coding

of the grounded theory method to arrive at a main theoretical code to answer SOP1.

Below are the open, selective, and theoretical codes derived from the responses:

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 22

Table 1.

Respondents’ Perception on buying K19ookies using Nutritional Marketing

Frequency of the
Open Codes Selective Codes Theoretical Code
codes

Self-discovery 5

Through friends Widespread brand 6

discovery
Via social media
9
platforms

Brand promotions 12

Survey 2

Students 6

Sales Talks 3

Aware High nutritional 11

Positive customer
marketing
Social media perception
awareness 12
advertisements

Health claims 11

Media
4
advertisements

Label Marketing 6

Unique 2

Good way of
7
marketing

Efficient 1
Favorable brand and
Very effective marketing 5
impressions
Useful 3

Relevant to needs 3

Beneficial 8

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 23

 Healthy alternative 5

Presentable 6

Improved impression 9

Intriguing 3

Interested 9

Has strong opinions High Consumer 3

involvement
Highly involved 2

Interest piquing 9

Wanting to buy 5

Considers information 3
carefully

Uses detailed
1
information

Most of the interview responses showed that SHS students perceive K19ookies and its

nutritional marketing in a positive view, with easy brand discoverability, good marketing

retention, effective branding, and involvement-piquing products. First, on-brand

discoverability, respondents found K19ookies on many forms of media and advertising,

which is positive regarding its customer reach and accessibility. Further, a respondent

claimed that they discovered the product through different means and forms of media

and advertising: “I discovered your product through different, um, uh, social media

advertisements that I saw on Facebook and through the [background noise] word of mouth

from other batchmates and people that I’ve met.” Second, while a tiny percentage of

respondents still did not know the product existed, most respondents were aware of the

enterprise's nutritional marketing. One respondent said, “Uhm... I think-I saw-I think... I observe

label marketing and, uhm, label marketing and health claims because I think I saw that it had

it should I mean it causes lower risk of diabetes I think,” while another claimed that they

weren’t able to come across the company’s nutritional marketing: “Uhmm, to be honest, I

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 24

haven’t seen any nutritional marketing regarding K19ookies.” Third, answers suggest that

the respondents were intrigued by the brand’s effective product and its benefits, but there

was still a degree of skepticism suggesting customers’ critical thinking. This is in line with

Garavente’s (2018) study on how some products that allegedly offer all-natural

ingredients have reservations about their characteristics, often misleading the public and

causing skepticism with health claims. Particularly, one respondent answered: “I think that it’s

very smart, especially for health-conscious and fitness people... but it does give me some sort

of skepticism because I want to have at least a bit of evidence on the nutritional facts or at

least the percentages of… the vitamins that you claim to have in the cookies.” Lastly, even with

the wide variety of answers, the respondents were still skewed toward the perceived

“benefits” of the product leading them to be involved with K19ookies. Accordingly, this

matches Azman and Sahak’s (2014) conclusions on the effectiveness of nutritional labels

on customer buying decisions, which they discovered were significant and supported by

many reviews.

Overall, with the four selective codes indicating an average skew on the good side of

the respondent's perception, the researchers set “Positive Customer Perception” as the

theoretical code. Datumize (2019) defines customer perception as “a marketing concept that

refers to the customers’ thoughts about a brand or a company’s services.” Although there

were some negative or unsure thoughts and answers from the respondents, most of them

acknowledged and perceived buying K19ookies and its nutritional marketing positively. Finally,

the researchers used these codes to interpret both qualitative and quantitative data. After all,

when the researchers analyzed the data, the codes served as a supplemental heuristic for

analysis (Saldaña, 2013).

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 25

Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Table 2.

Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Gender

Gender Frequency Percent

Male 9 30

Female 21 70

Total 30 100.0

Table 2 shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of gender, whether

male or female. Out of 30 respondents, the female group ranked one and had a frequency of

twenty-one (21) or 70.00 percent. The male group, however, had a frequency of only nine (9)

or 30.00 percent of the total respondents, which placed it second.

Table 3.

Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Age

Age Frequency Percent

16 4 13.33

17 6 20.00

18 19 63.33

19 1 3.33

Total 30 100.0

Table 3 presents the profile of the respondents in terms of age, with all the ages of the

respondents ranging from the lowest, 16, to highest, 19. As seen in the table, the highest

frequency of the respondents belonged to 18-year-olds which covered a frequency of

nineteen (19) or63.33 percent, while the least number of respondents by age was from the

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 26

19-year-olds with a frequency of one (1) or 3.33 percent of the total respondents. Lastly,

the mean age of respondents for the study resulted in 17.57 years old, a little lower than the

18-year-old age group with the highest frequency.

Following the UNFPA Philippines’ (2016) article, all the respondents are within the 10 to

24 age group, which has been booming in population these past few years. Furthermore, the

respondents consist of the same generation/age range that has shown increasing trends in

health consciousness and diet awareness very recently, as presented by Packaged Facts

(2014) in their January report.

Table 4.

Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Grade Level

Grade Level Frequency Percent

Grade 11 8 26.67

Grade 12 22 73.33

Total 30 100.0

Table 4 manifests the demographic profile of the students in terms of Grade Level. It

shows the total number of respondents for each grade level who participated in answering

the administered test. As all the chosen respondents were from Senior High School, they were

split into two grade levels, 11 and 12. The twelfth-grade students with a frequency of

twenty-two (22) or 73.34 percent ranked one, while the Grade 11 students ranked second with

eight (8) total respondents at 26.67 percent.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 27

Level of Awareness of SHS students on the Nutritional Marketing of K19ookies

Table 5.

Respondents’ Awareness on the Nutritional Marketing of K19ookies

Statement Mean Interpretation

Middle level of
1. I often see K19ookies being marketed or advertised. 2.56
awareness

2. I often see disease risk reduction and therapeutic claims

(reduces the risk for heart disease by 27%, reduces the risk of Middle level of
3.16
type 2 diabetes) when I read the labels on the packaging of awareness
K19ookies.

3. I often see disease risk reduction and therapeutic claims

(reduces the risk for heart disease by 27%, reduces the risk of Middle level of
3.06
type 2 diabetes) in the video/photo advertisements of awareness
K19ookies.

4. I often hear disease risk reduction and therapeutic claims

(reduces the risk for heart disease by 27%, reduces the risk of Middle level of
2.66
type 2 diabetes) when my peers/families/friends talk about awareness
K19ookies.

5. I often see nutrient emphasis (high in Fiber, more

Middle level of
Calcium) when I read the labels on the packaging of 3.23
awareness
K19ookies.

6. I often see nutrient emphasis (high in Fiber, more Middle level of

3.23
Calcium) in the video/photo advertisements of K19ookies. awareness

7. I often hear nutrient emphasis (high in Fiber, more

Middle level of
Calcium) when my peers/families/friends talk about 2.9
awareness
K19ookies.

8. I often hear nutrient emphasis (high in Fiber, more Middle level of

3.03
Calcium) in sales talks about K19ookies. awareness

9. I often see lower X content stress (low in trans fat, zero

Middle level of
calories) when I read the labels on the packaging of 3.1
awareness
K19ookies.

10. I often see lower X content stress (low in trans fat, zero Middle level of
3.06
calories) in the video/photo advertisements of K19ookies. awareness

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 28

 11. I often hear lower X content stress (low in trans fat, zero
Middle level of
calories) when my peers/families/friends talk about 2.9
awareness
K19ookies.

12. I often hear lower X content stress (low in trans fat, zero Middle level of
2.8
calories) in sales talks about K19ookies. awareness

13. Overall, I am aware of the different forms of Nutritional

Marketing utilized by K19ookies in photo/video Middle level of
3.03
advertisements, package labels, social/relationship awareness
marketing through peers/families/friends, and sales talks.

Middle level of
OVERALL 2.98
awareness

1.00 - 1.74 = Not Available

1.75 - 2.49 = Low level of awareness

2.50 - 3.24 = Middle level of awareness

3.25 - 4.00 = High level of awareness

Source: Alkaaf, F., AlMaqbali, D., & Al-Sinani, Y. (2020). Reality of Linguistic

Competencies of Pre-Service and In-Service Female Physical Education

Teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(5),

184. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n5p184

Table 5 shows the average of the respondents’ answers on their awareness of

K19ookies’ nutritional marketing.

Out of the 13 statements, both statement 5, “I often see nutrient emphasis (high in

Fiber, more Calcium) when I read the labels on the packaging of K19ookies.”, and statement 6,

“I often see nutrient emphasis (high in Fiber, more Calcium) in the video/photo

advertisements of K19ookies.”, received a mean of 3.23 interpreted as “Middle level of

awareness.” These two statements are the highest of the batch despite some also being

interpreted as “Middle level of awareness.” This can mean two things: (1) that

nutrient emphasis is the most used/observed form of nutritional marketing in K19ookies

and (2) that package labeling and photo/video advertisements are the most effective forms

of nutritional marketing of K19ookies.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 29

 For the former (1), nutrient emphasis statements (statements 5-8) with an average

mean of 3.10 does outweigh the other two forms of health claims presented: disease risk

reduction (statements 2-4) and lower X content stress (statements 9-12), both of which only

have a mean of 2.97. This is inconsistent with Colby et al. (2010)’s findings which solidified

lower X content stress types of health claims like “Reduced-fat, low-fat, or fat-free”, “Reduced,

low, or trans fat–free,” and “Lower calories” in three of the overall top five nutrition marketing

approaches used on all products.

For the latter (2), package labeling got a mean of 3.17, and visual advertisements got

3.12, which are significantly higher than peer/family marketing at 2.82 and sales talk at 2.92.

This supports the notion that the first two media of marketing are much more known to the

potential consumers of K19ookies. In agreement with this, Woschnick (2020) lists “social

media marketing,” “paid advertising,” and “internet marketing” as the top three Business to

Consumer (B2C) marketing strategies, all of which are present in the photo/video advertising

of K19ookies in social media. For the other media, Driver (2016) argues that food labeling with

nutritional marketing is a great form of advertising to attract consumers; however, it does

carry risks of misleading and misinformation.

On the lower end of the spectrum, statement 1, “I often see K19ookies being marketed or

advertised.” received the lowest mean of 2.56 and is still interpreted as “Middle level of

awareness.” This could mean that although the respondents can easily distinguish between

what form of nutritional marketing is more prevalent than the other, they still find a lack of

overall marketing for K19ookies.

Overall, with a total mean of 2.98 interpreted as “Middle-level awareness,” the average

respondent agrees with all of the statements and that they are indeed aware of the several

forms of nutritional marketing of K19ookies by UniTreats Co. Walgrove (2020) agrees with this,

stating that in most cases, digital marketing (which was employed by K19ookies) or any form

of good marketing can increase awareness in certain levels.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 30

Level of Buying Attitude of the SHS students toward K19ookies

Table 6.

Respondents’ Buying Attitude toward K19ookies

Statement Mean Interpretation

1. I feel that the product’s features can lead to achieving its

3.40 High Involvement
purpose of fulfilling my goals (weight-loss, healthy lifestyle).

2. I feel that this product is relevant to the solutions I have Medium

3.17
been looking for. Involvement

3. It is important that this product satisfies my expectations

3.60 High Involvement
the first time I use it.

4. I perceive this product as my go-to product when it Medium

3.17
comes to its benefits. Involvement

5. I know a lot about this product in terms of its benefits, Medium

2.93
ingredients, etc. Involvement

Medium
6. I have strong opinions and feelings about this product. 3.03
Involvement

7. I believe that knowledge of this product in terms of its

3.50
benefits, ingredients, etc. is highly needed. High Involvement

8. I usually ignore and think that discrepant information Medium

2.57
about this product is untruthful. Involvement

9. I am not easily swayed by advertising or even by Medium

3.13
persuasive sales pitches from other products. Involvement

Medium
10. I can say that I am involved in this product. 2.67
Involvement

Medium
OVERALL 3.12
Involvement

1.00 - 1.74 = Not Available

1.75 - 2.49 = Low Involvement

2.50 - 3.24 = Medium Involvement

3.25 - 4.00 = High Involvement

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 31

 Source: Alkaaf, F., AlMaqbali, D., & Al-Sinani, Y. (2020). Reality of Linguistic

Competencies of Pre-Service and In-Service Female Physical Education

Teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(5),

184. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n5p184

Table 6 shows the respondents' level of involvement, measuring their buying attitude

toward K19ookies.

Based on the 10 statements above, statement 3 “It is important that this product

satisfies my expectations the first time that I use it.”, gained the highest mean of 3.60 which is

interpreted as “High Involvement.” Statement 3 is actually a first-person perspective of a

statement in Chand (2014a)’s Involvement Index as part of the characteristics of

Highly Involved consumers. This means that most of the respondents rely on how their first

impression of K19ookies meets their expectations on what it tastes like, how it benefits them,

and what results in it shows. Supporting this, Cockburn (2020) argues that consumers find

first impressions vital in their opinion of the company’s branding, and disappointed

customers won’t likely return unless in a monopolistic industry.

On the other hand, with a mean of 2.57, statement 8, “I usually ignore and think that

discrepant information about this product is untruthful.” ranked the lowest in respondent

agreement but is still interpreted as “Medium Involvement.” Chand (2014a) defines discrepant

information as “a salesperson’s attempt to persuade him to try another brand, for example.”

In short, information can lead the consumer to challenge their previous opinion of the product

to which they are loyal. Once again, this statement indicates a high-involvement consumer in

Chand’s Index, but the lower mean can indicate that this borders around medium to high

involvement.

Overall, on the buying attitude toward K19ookies, the answers resulted in a mean of 3.12,

interpreted as “Medium Involvement,” indicating a positive level of involvement with K19ookies.

In this regard, Chand (2014b) presents five major characteristics of high-involvement

products: high price, technical features, variance in alternatives, self- projecting, and risk.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 32

 First, Chand (2014b), in his article, states that pricey designer products lead to

high involvement. While this can be true, the results show that a cheap everyday product like

K19ookies can also receive high involvement. Second, technical features play a big role in

involvement, with photographers wanting certain specifications on their chosen brands. This

can be in agreement with K19ookies, as some specifications like “high in fiber” and “lower risk

of diabetes” can attract and involve people specifically looking for them. Third, Chand argues

that brands that are differentiated from their competitors can lead customers to purchase

intent better. While this can be present, there is not enough evidence to solidify it as a

variable. Fourth, personalized products, where people can see themselves represented, are

most likely to have high involvement. This is not present in K19ookies. Lastly, Chand said that

risky products have, in turn, higher returns, making more loyal customers. This is also not seen

in the product.

Effect of Nutritional Marketing toward Buying Attitude and Perception of the SHS students

Table 7.

Significant Effect in Students’ Buying Attitude toward K19ookies

Customer Buying Attitude

Unstandardized t- p-val
Model R R² Interpretation
Coefficients (Beta) value ue

Constant 1.574 3.556 0.001 Significant

Nutritional 0.556 0.309

Statistically
Marketing 0.517 3.543 0.001
Significant
Awareness

Buying Attitude (Dependent Var), Nutritional Marketing Awareness (Independent Var.)

As shown in Table 7 above, nutritional marketing awareness, the independent variable,

was a predictor of the customer buying attitude, the dependent variable, as seen in the

p-value of 0.001. Meaning, for every unit increase in nutritional marketing awareness, the

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 33

model predicts that the customer buying attitude will then be affected by an increase of 0.517

as seen in the unstandardized coefficient, for every unit increase shows the effects of how the

customers will be eager to buy the enterprise's products. An R² of 30.9% indicates that the

variance in the customer buying attitude can be accounted for by nutritional marketing

awareness, which explains the intensity of its effect on the dependent variable.

These results show that the p-value of 0.001, which is less than alpha or the statistical

significance level of 0.05, means that nutritional marketing awareness is a successful

predictor of customer buying attitude. Thus, the researchers rejected their null hypothesis: Ho

- Nutritional marketing has no statistically significant effect on the buying attitude of the

respondents toward K19ookies, which indicates that nutritional marketing has a statistically

significant effect on the buying attitude of SHS students toward K19ookies.

Furthermore, for this study, a variance of 30.9% and a direct growth of 0.517 is a good

value to be at as it shows the effects of how the customers will be eager to buy the

enterprise's products. In agreement, Correard and Amrani (2011) suggested that, while

marketing plays a significant role in affecting the buying process, there are still other factors

to consider like need-want-demand, personal, and environmental factors.

Quantitative data in linear regression showed that nutritional marketing significantly

affects the buying attitude of SHS students. This explains why some respondents are involved

with the product in their interview answers, and some do not.

Qualitatively, when asked about their knowledge and awareness of the nutritional

marketing of K19ookies, most respondents said they saw its different forms, discovered how

the product benefitted them, and in turn, implied their interest and involvement in the

product. However, one respondent answered how they did not see advertisements, heard

sales talks, and/or experienced recommendations about K19ookies; hence, their response

about their personal involvement and buying attitude toward the product showed little to no

interest.

Overall, Zarkin and Anderson (as cited in Azman & Sahak, 2014) agree that the use of

nutritional information significantly affects the purchasing behavior and attitude of

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 34

consumers as they shift away from the unhealthy food categories and lean toward

consumption of healthy products. In addition, Aschemann-Witzel and Hamm (2010) also

commented on how nutritional products with the right characteristics

(e.g., condition-relation, scientifically proven premise, previous product relationship, and

information depth) showed high levels of effectiveness.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In the wake of the youth’s increasing health consciousness trends, the study sought to

determine how the SHS students’ customer buying attitude, measured by involvement, can

be affected by K19ookies’ nutritional marketing. Based on the qualitative and

quantitative analysis of the perception of nutritional marketing and the buying attitude

toward K19ookies, in general, the researchers have concluded that the students’ customer

buying attitude increases significantly in the introduction of nutritional marketing, directly

proportional way. The results indicate that while other factors might influence the buying

attitude, K19ookies’ nutritional marketing’s proposed benefits can convince customers to show

interest and a higher level of involvement in the product. The qualitative findings complement

the numbers, too, with “negative” statements that relate to a lower level of awareness value

and positive statements with high values of awareness. However, ethical implications include

factual labeling, and non-misleading claims about nutritional substances, as they effectively

manipulate customers’ buying attitudes. For the limitations, with the COVID-19 pandemic and

the lack of resources accompanying it, the researchers managed to find respondents

through convenience sampling, which yielded forty respondents, a low-medium number for

the study. Finally, the researchers discovered that nutritional marketing has a significant

effect on the buying attitude of SHS students toward K19ookies, thus rejecting the study's

null hypothesis.

Overall, the study solidified nutritional marketing as a feasible program for UniTreats

Co. and other small businesses. Moreover, with the results gathered, the researchers forward

the following recommendations. To UniTreats Co., the study has shown the effectiveness of

health benefits as a selling point, which can now be used for social enterprise and other

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 35

start-up businesses, with special consideration for the legal and expectational repercussions

of false health claims. To the respondents, the study has presented how the youthful,

health-conscious attitude can be affected by health claims. It is recommended to be vigilant

with products that offer the same type of benefits. For future researchers, it is recommended

to include other populations, especially those not in the scope of this study: lower-income

families, adults, and people with specific health problems related to the product’s benefits.

Furthermore, the mixed-method research model provided a deeper understanding of the

topic, so it is recommended to use it and keep all verified data and information in the study.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 36

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Influence or Manipulation?

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 Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods

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 Weight Management: U.S. Consumer Mindsets : Market Research Report. (2014, August 28).

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Foremost, we would like to thank the Almighty God for helping us in every step of the

way. To the guidance and intercession of our patron saint, St. John Baptist De La Salle, we

express our deepest gratitude.

To De La Salle Lipa, without whom we could not have accomplished this paper, thank

you. For all the teachers and staff who have helped us in accomplishing this feat, especially

our research adviser, Ms. Jean Mendoza, thank you for all your help.

To our parents, for all their love and support in our academic journey, you deserve all

the praise in the world. To our friends and classmates, who we consider brothers and sisters,

your company has helped make whatever challenges we have faced like a fun walk at the

park at the very least.

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 40

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Ivan Joe Vincent V. Brosoto

As a grade schooler in Bawi Elementary School,

Ivan Joe Vincent V. Brosoto has shown leadership and

excellence up until he graduated with Highest Honors at

De La Salle Lipa, in Batangas. Today, he is a college

student at the University of the Philippines Diliman

Psychology Department.

Frank Ivan Cedric V. Coronacion

Frank Ivan Cedric V. Coronacion was born in Quezon City on

the 20th of August 2003. He finished his upper secondary

education at De La Salle Lipa in Lipa City, Batangas. Currently, he is

a freshman student at De La Salle University in Manila, taking up

achelor’s degree in accounting.

Katrina A. Laboriante

Katrina A. Laboriante was born on March 1, 2003, in

Lipa City, Batangas. She is currently studying for a degree

in accounting at De La Salle Lipa. She aspires to become a

Certified Public Accountant. She loves to read, watch

documentary films, play games and enjoys doing arts and

crafts. Her favorite quote is from Margaret Thatcher, "You

may have to fight a battle more than once to win it."

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 41

 Kristin Elisha L. Tobias

Kristin Elisha L. Tobias, a first-year college student

taking up Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management

at De La Salle Lipa. She loves cooking, painting, singing &

writing stories. Her favorite quote is from Alice in

Wonderland "You can't change the past but you can learn

from it".

Volume 01, Issue 01 (2022) | Accountancy, Business, and Management 42