Summary and Reflection

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SOCIAL WORK 50

KNOWLEDGE AND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION

Summary and Reflection

Chapter 2: The Development of Social Welfare In The Philippines

The Pre-Historic Period

In those days, Social Welfare activity focused on mutual protection and economic survival.

The Spanish Period

The Spaniards introduced the doctrine of "to do good to others for the salvation of their
souls," which was the underpinning idea driving all social welfare operations for many
years. Don Miguel Lopez de Legaspi constructed the first hospital in the Province of the
Cebu Republic of the Philippines in 1565 to care for the sick and injured. In 1882, Hospicio
de San Jose was created to accommodate the elderly and orphans, the mentally ill, and
young boys in need of rehabilitation, but eventually limited entry to children who were
discharged, later to be adopted or employed. In 1885, the Asilo de San Vicente de Paul, a
girls' institution, was founded, providing religious instruction, elementary education, and
household training to its prisoners. The Spanish government used subsidies and grants to
support hospitals, asylums, orphanages, and schools. However, these were insufficient, and
donations from charitable persons were also sought.
The American Period

Americans conquered the nation in 1899, introducing a new educational system, new
health procedures, and religious freedom. The Civil Government established the Insular
Board in 1902 to coordinate and monitor private organizations involved in charitable
activities. The Philippine branch of the American Red Cross was founded in 1905 to handle
disaster assistance in the nation and to administer Red Cross funds from the United States.
La Gota de Leche was founded in 1907 to provide fresh cow's milk to child-care facilities
from a dairy farm in City Pasay, Metro Manila, Republic of the Philippines, monitored by a
veterinarian. This organization eventually established a free consultation clinic for moms.
A school for the deaf and blind was established in 1910. Asociacion de Damas Filipinas was
founded in 1913 by civic-minded women to assist poor mothers and their children. The
American government established the Public Welfare Board on February 5, 1915, with the
passing of Legislative Act No. 2510, to coordinate the welfare efforts of numerous existing
philanthropic groups. The first Government institution to serve as a welfare agency, and
the first step in child welfare services, was established in January 1917. The Office of the
Public Welfare Commissioner was established in 1921. It took over the functions of the
Public Welfare Board, which, while charged with coordinating and intensifying the
activities of child welfare organizations and agencies, was unable to deal with mounting
healthcare problems, as evidenced by the high infant mortality rate in the second decade of
the century. The Office of the Public Welfare Commissioner issued solicitation papers in
1922, requiring the public to demand any individual soliciting contributions and charity.
This was done to safeguard the people and organizations against unethical fundraisers.
However, this practice was not officially sanctioned until 1933. In 1924, The Associated
Charities became an autonomous institution under the supervision of the Public Welfare
Commissioner, with funding provided partly by the government and partly by private
contributions. The Philippine Legislature enacted legislation (Philippine Legislative Act No.
3203) dealing with the care and custody of neglected and delinquent children and the
provision of probation officers for them. When Frank Murphy became Governor-General of
the Philippines in 1933, considerable changes occurred in the administration of social
welfare in the Philippines. Scholarship awards for professional social work training in the
United States have been made available. The Legislature authorized funding to operate
government infant and maternal health facilities in every town with a population of at least
2,000. The 1930s economic slump caused significant financial concerns. Despite
appropriations given by the Office of the Public Welfare Commissioner and its head, Dr.
Jose Fabella, the Associated Charities could not meet the demand for relief and other social
services.

The Commonwealth Period

The Office of the Commissioner of Health and Public Welfare was disbanded in 1940 and
replaced by the Department of Health and Public Assistance Service, which took over the
functions formerly handled by the Associated Charities, which had ceased to exist by then.
The Japanese Occupation

During that time, social welfare efforts mainly consisted of providing medical care and
treatment, as well as food and clothes, to injured troops, prisoners, and civilians.

The Post-War Years

The Bureau of Public Welfare reopened in 1946, but a shortage of money hampered its
operations. On October 4, 1947, the Bureau was renamed the Social Welfare Commission
and transferred to the President's Office. President Quirino established the President's
Action Committee on Social Amelioration in August 1948. It is a comprehensive health,
education, welfare, agricultural, public works, and financial program. The United Nations
General Assembly established the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
(UNICEF) in 1946 to promote maternal and child health in economically developing
nations. On October 4, 1947, the Bureau was renamed the Social Welfare Commission and
transferred to the President's Office. President Quirino established the President's Action
Committee on Social Amelioration in August 1948. It is a comprehensive health, education,
welfare, agricultural, public works, and financial program. In 1948, the United Nations
International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) established essential health care
services for women and children in the Philippines, including medical treatment, feeding
programs, and health education. Republic Act 4373, "An Act to Regulate the Practice of
Social Work and the Operation of Social Work Agencies in the Philippines," became law in
1965. For license or registration as a social worker, the legislation requires the completion
of a Bachelor of Science in Social Work Degree, 1000 hours of supervised field practice, and
passing a government board examination in social work. It is the Philippines' statutory
acknowledgement of social work as a profession.
The Seventies

The Department of Social Welfare was renamed the Department of Social Services and
Development on September 8, 1976, moving the emphasis from conventional, typically
institution-based social welfare to community-oriented programs and services. President
Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 1397 on June 2, 1978, turning departments into
ministries, and creating the Ministry of Social Services and Development. The
organizational structure, functions, and programs all remain unchanged. The 1960s and
1970s saw voluntary groups rise and even more, organizations develop.

The Eighties

The Self-Employment Assistance program has been improved to meet its clients'
requirements better. The Case Management System has been deployed. Social Welfare
Indicators track the well-being of Ministry of Social Services and Development service
recipients. President Corazon C. Aquino issued Executive Order No. 123 on January 30,
1987, reforming and renaming the Ministry of Social Services and Development of the
Department of Social Welfare and Development. The Department transitioned from a
welfare or relief organization to a more significant development goal. The agency's
approach during this period has been defined as preventative and developmental,
participatory, and client-managed.
The Nineties

During the early 1990s, the DSWD maintained the five program areas of concern. It also
prioritized Low-Income Municipalities (LIMs) and other socially disadvantaged barangays.
Crisis Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), a type of crisis intervention used with disaster and
other crisis victims, was employed in the aftermath of the Mount Pinatubo eruption. On
October 10, 1991, The Republic Act No. 7160 Local Government Code was adopted.
Implementation tasks, as well as programs and services, were delegated to its local
government entity. However, the Department maintained its specialized social services,
divided into four categories; center/institution-based services, community-based
programs, and services, locally funded and foreign-assisted projects, and disaster relief
and rehabilitation augmentation.

Thousand and Eighth

In today's world, numerous social agencies, organizations, and institutions supported by


private donations provide a wide range of social services. Non-Governmental
Organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in meeting the needs of our society's growing
disadvantaged segments. R.A. According to Republic Act No. 1967 Section 4373 or the
Social Work Law, no social welfare agency may function or be authorized unless it is first
registered with the Social Welfare Administration, which will give the relevant registration
certificate. The Department is empowered by Republic Act No. 5416 (1968), which are set
standards and policies, accredit public and private institutions and organizations, and
coordinate government efforts in social welfare work to avoid duplication, friction, and
overlapping of responsibility in social services.
Some Government Agencies/Organizations

Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA)

The Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) was established in 1976 and is
affiliated with the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). The primary goal of the
OWWA is to offer welfare support to Overseas Filipino Welfare (OFW) and to ensure the
viability of Overseas Filipino Welfare (OFW).

National Housing Authority (NHA)

The National Housing Authority (NHA) was in 1975 by Presidential Decree No. 757. Their
goal is to provide housing to the metropolitan population.

Public Attorney's Office (PAO)

The Public Attorney's Office (PAO), originally the Citizen's Legal Assistance Office (CLAO),
is part of the Department of Justice (DOJ) and provides free legal services and counselling
Some Private Social Welfare Agencies and Non-Government Organizations

Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP)

The Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP) is a private non-profit organization
founded on December 16, 1970 that acts as the commercial sector's social development
implementation arm.

The SOS Children's Village

Outside of adoption, The SOS Children's Village is the only agency that strives to execute
Alternative Parental Care as a purposefully planned long-term care for orphaned and
abandoned Filipino children. Dr. Hermann Gmeirer started it in Austria following World
War II.

Women's Crisis Services

The Women's Crisis Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to ending all types of
violence against women.

The Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Sexual Abuse (CPTCSA)

The Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Sexual Abuse (CPTCSA) was founded
to assist sexually abused children and their families.

The Cribs of the Philippines, Inc.

The Cribs Philippines, Inc. is a receiving home for abandoned, neglected, and relinquished
newborns and abused female teenagers.

The Norfil Foundation, Inc.

The Norfil Foundation, Inc. is a non-profit organization that assists abandoned, neglected,
and dependent children, unwed pregnant women and girls, mentally retarded/physically
challenged children and teenagers, and poor and disadvantaged families.

The Tribal Development Foundation in the Philippines

In the Philippines, the Indigenous Development Foundation is an organization that


addresses the concerns of tribal communities around the country.
The Development of Social Work Profession In The Philippines

The Association of Charities, founded in 1917, is a family welfare organization often


regarded as the "Mother of the Social Work Profession." They are the first to employ the
casework approach of assisting others. They are also the first to hire Social Workers on a
full-time basis. They are also the first to appoint a qualified Social Worker as its Executive
Secretary, Ms. Jose Jara Martinez, who graduated from the New York School of Social Work
in 1921.

Associate Charities had previously engaged college graduates as Home Visitors by the late
1930s to give in-service training. Non-Degree Social Work Courses were already presented
at the University of the Philippines just before World War II, and their form of Licensure
Examination at the time was Civil Service Examination.

Mr. or President Quirino, Elpidio formed the President Action Committee on Social
Amelioration (PACSA), an initiative to alleviate rural social unrest.

The Republic of the Philippines School of Social Workers was established in 1950, offering
a one-year degree program called "Master of Social Administration," which later expanded
into a two-year program called "Master of Social Work," after which the University of the
Philippines and Centro Escolar University began to offer Social Work programs at the
graduate level.

Republic Act No. 4373 was already passed on June 19, 1956, governing the practice of
Social Work and the administration of Social Work Agencies. It also requires one to be a
The Philippine Association of Social Workers Incorporated (PASWI)

The Philippine Association of Social Workers Incorporated (PASWI) is a national


organization created on November 19, 1947. PASWI's mission is to promote and maintain a
professional standard of social work practice, to strengthen members' competence, to
work for better understanding, acceptance, and recognition of the profession, to work for
social legislation in social welfare and development, and to expand through local chapters
and linkages. According to the 2007 Annual Report, it has 36 active chapters around the
country, with 429 lifetime members and 1,036 regular members. It also belongs to the
International Federation of Social Workers (there are 1.5 million professional social
workers globally).

The School of Social Work Association of The Philippines (National Association For Social
Work Education, Inc.

When the Social Work Legislation (Republic Act No. 4373) was issued in 1965, it
necessitated a re-evaluation of the content of both undergraduate and graduate social
work curricula, as the law established the former as the educational preparation required
for social work practice. As a result, three national workshops on social work education
were convened in 1967, 1968, and 1969 to provide schools time to make the required
revisions to their curricula.
Reflection:

Back then, Social Welfare or Social Work concentrates only on collective protection and
good survival. During the Spaniards' period, they impacted their belief videlicet" to do
good to others for the deliverance of their souls,". As a result, they established Hospitals for
those with sickness and orphans for those who had demanded maternal guidance. Shelter
or housework numerous times passed by, and this is still one of the beliefs that continues
passing on in our society at that time, so volunteerism expanded to meet the unmet
requirements of the people, and so they ultimately hired people with a degree in social
work. Ultimately they produce more and more programs so that numerous people will
reach the services of Social Workers together with Government and Non-Government
Organizations. From the lens, history gives us the elaboration of social weal in society and
the sweats of levy to extend their endeavours to those in need. Cooperation makes a
significant impact on social work as time passes by to create a foundation to have vital
changes in our society that leads to annihilate Poverty, Malnutrition, Unstable Jobs,
Etcetera. that utmost of the lower good experience currently because of the limiting factors
one of those are Affectation or the sound problems that our society is frequently
experience.

Montaril, Angel Jay Quiza


Bachelor of Science in Social Work (BS SW) 1-1
Ms. Bacor, Maria Catherine

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