NOTES LIFE PROCESSES (Respiration, Excretion

CH 6- LIFE PROCESSES
(RESPIRATION, TRANSPORTATION AND EXCRETION)
11.06.22
1.“All plants give out oxygen during the day and carbon dioxide during the night”.
Do you agree with this statement? Give reason.
Ans: Yes, respiration takes place throughout the day and night but photosynthesis takes
place only during the daytime. During the daytime, as the rate of photosynthesis is more
than the rate of respiration, the net result is the evolution of oxygen. At night there is no
photosynthesis, so they give out carbon dioxide due to respiration.
2. How do the guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomatal pores?
Ans: The swelling of guard cells due to absorption of water causes the opening of
stomatal pores while the shrinking of guard cells closes the pores. Opening and closing
of stomata occur due to turgor changes in guard cells. When guard cells are turgid, the
stomatal pore is open while in flaccid conditions, the stomatal aperture closes.
3. Why do fishes die when taken out of water?
Ans: Fishes respire with the help of gills. Gills are richly supplied with blood capillaries
and can readily absorb oxygen dissolved in water. Since fishes cannot absorb gaseous
oxygen from the atmosphere they die soon after they are taken out of water.
4. What is the advantage of having a four-chambered heart?
Ans: In a four-chambered heart, the left half is completely separated from the right half
by septa. This prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing. This allows a
highly efficient supply of oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. This is useful in
animals that have high energy needs, such as birds and mammals, and maintain body
temperature.
5. What will happen if platelets were absent in the blood?
Ans: In the absence of platelets, the process of clotting will be affected. When cut, the
blood will not stop oozing out.
6. Plants have low energy needs as compared to animals. Explain.

Ans: Plants do not move. In a large plant body there are many dead cells like
sclerenchyma as a result it requires less energy as compared to animals. Animals need
more energy as they have to move in search of food, shelter, and mates.
7. Why and how does water enter continuously into the root xylem?
Ans: Cells of the root are in close contact with soil and so actively take up ions. The ion-
concentration, increases inside the root and hence osmotic pressure increases the
movement of water from the soil into the root which occurs continuously. Transpiration
also plays a big role in causing, osmotic pressure.
8. Why is transpiration important for plants?

Ans: Transpiration is important because:
(i) it helps in the absorption and upward movement of water and minerals from roots to
leaves
(ii)it prevents the plant parts from heating up.
9. Which part of the roots is involved in the exchange of respiratory gases?

Ans: Root hair is the part of the root which is involved in the exchange of respiratory
gases.
10. Give two points of differences between respiration in plants and respiration in
animals.
Ans: The respiration in plants differs from respiration in animals in two respects, they
are
(i) There is minimal transport of gases from one part of the plant to another, unlike the
animals.
(ii) Plant respiration occurs at a much slower rate than animal respiration.
11. What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have
with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?
Ans: The terrestrial organism gets more oxygen as they get oxygen from the
atmosphere which has a high amount of oxygen. The quantity of oxygen is low in the
water, so the aquatic organisms get less oxygen than the terrestrial ones.
12. How are oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
Ans: Hemoglobin in red blood cells has a large affinity for oxygen. It temporarily
combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin and thus, oxygen is carried from the
lungs to various body parts. CO2 is highly soluble in water, so it is mostly transported in
dissolved form in our blood plasma.
13. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in

mammals and birds?
Ans: Mammals and birds are warm-blooded animals. They constantly use energy to
maintain their body temperature. They have a higher energy need and require more
oxygenated blood for their cells. It is important that their oxygenated blood does not
mix up with deoxygenated blood.
14. What are the components of the transport system in highly organized plants?
Ans: The transport system of highly organized plants consists of xylem and phloem.
Xylem: It is used in the transport of water and minerals. Xylem is made of tracheids,
vessels, xylem fibers, and xylem parenchyma. Tracheids and vessels constitute the
channels for the transport of water and minerals.
Phloem: It is used for the transport or translocation of organic solutes or food. Phloem
consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma. Sieve
tubes constitute the channels for the transport of food materials.
15. How are water and minerals transported in plants?

Ans: Water and Minerals are transported in plants by the Xylem. The roots of a plant
have hair called root hairs. These root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil
since these are directly in contact with the film of water in between the soil particles.
Water gets into the root hair by the process of diffusion
16. How is food transported in plants?

Ans: Food is transported in plants with the help of phloem tissue. The food made in the
leaves is loaded onto the phloem tubes by utilizing the energy from ATP molecules.
17. What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?
Ans: (i) The plants get rid of gaseous products-through stomata in leaves and lenticels
in stems.
(ii) The plants get rid of stored solid and liquid waste by shedding off leaves, peeling off
bark, and felling off fruits.
(iii) The plants get rid of wastes by secreting them in the form of gums and resins.
(iv) Plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.
18. What would be the consequences of a deficiency of hemoglobin in our bodies?
Ans. Hemoglobin is a red pigment present in our blood that carries oxygen to all the
parts of the body. If there is a deficiency of hemoglobin then the amount of oxygen
reaching our body cells will decrease which may lead to the release of less energy in our
body, leading to a disease called anemia. Breathlessness, tiredness, and weakness are
the symptoms of anemia.
19. Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary?

Ans. The heart of human beings consists of two sides right and left.
The right side of the heart receives de-oxygenated blood from the cells and tissues
and sends it further for purification to the lungs.
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs which are
pumped further and sent to all the parts of the body through blood vessels. This is called
double circulation. The energy demand of human beings is too large and hence it is
necessary for the separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to meet this energy
demand.
20. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with
respect to their structure and functioning.
Ans.
Alveoli Nephron
1. It is the structural and functional unit It is the structural and functional unit of
of the lungs. the kidneys.
2. It is thin-walled, has a large surface
It is thin-walled, has a large surface area,
area, and is richly supplied with blood
and is richly supplied with blood vessels.
vessels.
3. It removes carbon dioxide from the It removes nitrogenous wastes from the
blood. blood.

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CH 6- LIFE PROCESSES

(RESPIRATION, TRANSPORTATION AND EXCRETION)

6. Plants have low energy needs as compared to animals. Explain.

8. Why is transpiration important for plants?

9. Which part of the roots is involved in the exchange of respiratory gases?

13. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in

15. How are water and minerals transported in plants?

16. How is food transported in plants?

19. Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary?

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