10.

FIRST HOMECOMING (1887- ARRIVAL IN MANILA

 August 3, 1887
1888) - the moon was full and Rizal slept soundly the whole night.
-Because of the publication of the Noli Me Tangere and the The calm sea, illuminated by the silvery moonlight, was a
uproar it caused among the friars, Rizal was warned by Paciano magnificent sight to him
(his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law), Chengoy  Near midnight of August 5, 1887 , the Haiphong arrived in
(Jose M. Cecilio) and other friends not to return home. Manila
-Rizal was determined to return to the Philippines for the
following reasons: HAPPY HOMECOMING
(1) to operate on his mother’s eyes  August 8, 1887
(2) to serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish - Rizal returned to Calamba
tyrants  In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first
(3) to find out for himself how Noli and his other writings were patient was his mother, who was almost blind.
affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines and  Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman” because he
(4) to inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent came from Germany, treated their ailments and soon he
 July 29, 1887 acquired a lucrative medical practice
- Rizal wrote to his father, announcing his homecoming, “on  Rizal opened a gymnasium for young folks, where he
the 15th of July, I shall embark for our country, so that introduced European sports
from the 15th to the 30th of August, we shall see each  Rizal suffered one failure during his six months of sojourn in
other”
Calamba—his failure to see Leonor Rivera
DELIGHTFUL TRIP TO MANILA
-Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, a French port, which he STORM OVER THE NOLI
reached without mishap.  Governor General Emilio Terrero (1885-1888)
 July 3, 1887 -requesting Rizal to come to Malacańang Palace
-Rizal boarded the steamer Djemnah, the same streamer  Don Jose Taviel de Andrade
which brought him to Europe 5 years ago -a young Spanish lieutenant assigned by Governor General
 July 30, 1887 Terrero to posed as bodyguard of Rizal
-at Saigon, Rizal transferred to another steamer, Haiphong,  Msgr. Pedro Payo (a Dominican)
which was Manila-bounded - sent a copy of Noli to Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of
 August 2, 1887 the University of Sto. Tomas for examination by a
- the steamer left Saigon for Manila committee of the faculty
 The report of the faculty members of University of Santo
Tomas stated that the Noli was “heretical, impious, and
scandalous in the religious order and anti-patriotic,
subversive of public order, injurious to the government of
1
 Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands in the  The friars asked Governor General Terrero to deport him,
political order” but latter refused because there was no valid charge against
 Permanent Commission of Censorship Rizal in court.
-a committee composed of priest and laymen  Rizal was compelled to leave Calamba for two reasons:
 Fr. Salvador Font (1) his presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and
- Augustinian cura of Tondo, head of the committee happiness of his family and friends
-found the novel to contain subversive ideas against the (2) he could fight better his enemies and serve his country’s
Church and Spain, and recommended “that the cause with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries
importation, reproduction, and circulation of this  Shortly before Rizal left Calamba in 1888, his friend from
pernicious book in the islands be absolutely prohibited.” Lipa requested him to write a poem in commemoration of
 Fr. Jose Rodriguez the town’s elevation to a villa (city) by virtue of the Becerra
- Augustinian priest, published a series of eight pamphlets Law of 1888
under the general heading Cuestiones de Sumo Interes  Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor)
(Questions of Supreme Interest) to blast the Noli and other - a poem written by Rizal dedicated to the industrious folks
anti-Spanish writings of Lipa
 Vicente Barrantes
- Spanish academician of Madrid, who formerly criticized 11. IN HONGKONG AND MACAO
the Noli in an article published in La Espańa Moderna (a
newspaper of Madrid) in January, 1890 (1888)
 What marred Rizal’s happy days in Calamba with Lt. -Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his
Andrade were country for a second time in February 1888. He was then a full-
(1) the death of his older sister, Olimpia, and grown man of 27 years of age, a practicing physician, and a
(2) the groundless tales circulated by his enemies that he recognized man-of letters
was “a German spy, an agent of Bismarck, a Protestant, a
Mason, a witch, a soul beyond salvation, etc.” THE TRIP TO HONGKONG
 Rev. Vicente Garcia  February 3, 1888
-a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila -Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro
Cathedral and a Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation  February 7, 1888
of Christ by Thomas A. Kempis - Zafiro made a brief stopover at Amoy
-writing under the penname Justo Desiderio Magalang,  Rizal did not get off his ship at Amoy for three reasons:
wrote a defense of the Noli which was published in (1) he was not feeling well
Singapore as an appendix to a pamphlet dated July 18, (2) it was raining hard
1888, he blasted the arguments of Fr. Rodriguez (3) he heard that the city was dirty
 Rizal, himself defended his novel against Barrantes’ attack,  February 8, 1888
in a letter written in Brussels, Belgium in February 1880. - Rizal arrived in Hong Kong
 Victoria Hotel
FAREWELL TO CALAMBA
2
 - Rizal stayed while in Hong Kong. He was welcomed by - Rizal left Hong Kong on board the Oceanic, an American
Filipino residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino steamer, his destination was Japan
Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte (son of Francisco Yriarte,  Rizal’s cabin mate was a British Protestant missionary who
alcalde mayor of Laguna) called Rizal “a good man”
 Jose Sainz de Varanda
- a Spaniard, who was a former secretary of Governor 12. ROMANTIC INTERLUDE IN
General Terrero, shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong
-it is believed that he was commissioned by the Spanish
JAPAN (1888)
authorities to spy on Rizal -One of the happiest interludes in the life of Rizal was his
 “Hong Kong”, wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, sojourn in the Land of the Cherry Blossoms for one month and
1888, “is a small, but very clean city.” a half (February 28-April 13, 1888)
 February 28, 1888
- early in the morning of Tuesday, Rizal arrived in Yokohama.
VISIT TO MACAO
He registered at the Grand Hotel
-Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong.
 Tokyo Hotel
-According to Rizal, the city of Macao is small, low, and gloomy.
- Rizal stayed here from March 2 to March 7
There are many junks, sampans, but few steamers. It looks sad
 Rizal wrote to Professor Blumentritt: “Tokyo is more
and is almost dead.
expensive then Paris. The walls are built in cyclopean
 February 18, 1888
manner. The streets are large and wide.”
- Rizal, accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer,
 Juan Perez Caballero
Kiu-Kiang for Macao
-secretary of the Spanish Legation, who visited Rizal at his
 Don Juan Francisco Lecaros
hotel who latter invited him to live at the Spanish Legation
- A Filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady
 Rizal accepted the invitation for two reasons:
-Rizal and Basa stayed at his home while in Macao
(1) he could economize his living expenses by staying at the
 February 18, 1888
- Rizal witnessed a Catholic possession, in which the legation
devotees were dressed in blue and purple dresses and were (2) he had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the
carrying unlighted candles Spanish authorities
 February 20, 1888  March 7, 1888
- Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong, again on board the - Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish
ferry steamer Kiu Kiang Legation
 Rizal was favorably impressed by Japan. The things which
favorably impressed Rizal in Japan were:
(1)the beauty of the country—its flowers, mountains,
streams and scenic panoramas,
DEPARTURE FROM HONG KONG (2) the cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese
 February 22, 1888 people
3
 (3)the picturesque dress and simple charm of the - Rizal registered here which was then considered a first-
Japanese women class hotel in the city
(4) there were very few thieves in Japan so that the houses  Rizal stayed in San Francisco for two days—May 4 to 6, 1888
remained open day and night, and in hotel room one could  May 6, 1888
safely leave money on the table -Sunday, 4:30PM, Rizal left San Francisco for Oakland
(5) beggars were rarely seen in the city, streets, unlike in  May 13, 1888
Manila and other cities -Sunday morning, Rizal reached New York, thus ending his
 Rickshaws trip across the American continent
-popular mode of transportation drawn by men that Rizal  Rizal stayed three days in this city, which he called the “big
did not like in Japan town.”
 April 13, 1888  May 16, 1888
-Rizal left Japan and boarded the Belgic, an English steamer, - Rizal left New York for Liverpool on board the City of
at Yokohama, bound for the United States Rome. According to Rizal, this steamer was “the second
 Tetcho Suehiro largest ship in the world, the largest being the Great
- a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist and champion of Eastern”
human rights, who was forced by the Japanese government  Rizal had good and bad impressions of the United States.
to leave the country The good impressions were
-passenger which Rizal befriended on board the Belgic (1) the material progress of the country as shown in the
 April 13 to December 1, 1888 great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries and busy
- eight months of intimate acquaintanceship of Rizal and factories
Tetcho (2) the drive and energy of the American people
 December 1, 1888 (3) the natural beauty of the land
- after a last warm handshake and bidding each other (4) the high standard of living
“goodbye”, Rizal and Tetcho parted ways—never to meet (5) the opportunities for better life offered to poor
again immigrants
 One bad impression Rizal had of America was the lack of
13. RIZAL’S VISIT TO THE UNITED racial equality: “America is the land par excellence of
STATES (1888) freedom but only for the whites”
 April 28, 1888
- the steamer Belgic, with Rizal on board, docked at San 14. RIZAL IN LONDON (1888-1889)
Francisco on Saturday morning -After visiting the United States, Rizal lived in London from May,
 May 4, 1888 1888 to March, 1889 for three reasons:
- Friday afternoon, the day Rizal was permitted to go ashore (1) to improve his knowledge of the English language
 Palace Hotel

4
(2) to study and annotate Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, -He was impressed by Rizal’s learning and character and he
a rare copy of which he heard to be available in the British gladly recommended him to the authorities of the British
Museum Museum. He called Rizal “a pearl of a man” (una perla de
(3) London was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against hombre)
Spanish tyranny  Both good and bad news from home reached Rizal in
London. Of the bad news, were the injusticescommitted by
TRIP ACROSS THE ATLANTIC the Spanish authorities on the Filipino people and the Rizal
 The trans Family
-Atlantic voyage of Rizal from New York to Liverpool was a  The greatest achievement of Rizal in London was the
pleasant one. annotating of Morga’s book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
 Rizal entertained the American and European passengers (Historical Events of the Philippine Islands), which was
with his marvelous skills with the yo-yo as an offensive published in Mexico, 1609.
weapon.  September 1888
 Yoyo - Rizal visited Paris for a week in order to search for more
-is a small wooden disc attached to a string from the finger. historical materials in the Bibliotheque Nationale
 May 24, 1888  Rizal was entertained in this gay French metropolis by Juan
-Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England Luna and his wife (Pas Pardo de Tavera), who proudly
 Adelphi Hotel showed him their little son Andres (nickname Luling)
-Rizal spend the night here while staying for one day in this  December 11, 1888
port city -Rizal went to Spain, visiting Madrid and Barcelona
 According to Rizal, “Liverpool is a big and beautiful city and  Rizal met, for the first time, Marcelo H. del Pilar and
its celebrated port is worthy of its great fame. The Mariano Ponce, two titans of the Propaganda Movement
entrance is magnificent and the customhouse is quite  December 24, 1888
good.” -Rizal returned to London and spent Christmas and New
Year’s Day with the Becketts
LIFE IN LONDON  Rizal sent as Christmas gift to Blumentritt a bust of
 May 25, 1888 Emperador Augustus and a bust of Julius Caesar to another
- a day after docking at Liverpool, Rizal went to London friend, Dr. Carlos Czepelak (Polish scholar)
 Rizal stayed as guest at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma.  The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the
Regidor, an exile of 1872 and a practicing lawyer in London. Ventriloquist
By the end of May, Rizal found a modest boarding place at -a Christmas gift from Rizal’s landlady, Mrs. Beckett
No. 37 Chalcot Crescent, Primrose Hill
 Dr. Reinhold Rozt
- librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and an authority
on Malayan languages and customs
RIZAL BECOMES LEADER OF FILIPINOS IN EUROPE
5
 Asociacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association)  Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers)
- a patriotic society, which cooperate in the crusade for - Rizal’s first article which appeared in La Solidaridad which
reforms, was inaugurated on December 31, 1888, with the is published on March 25, 1889, six days after he left
following officers: London for Paris
President: Galicano Apacible
Vice-president: Graciano Lopez Jaena ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN LA SOLIDARIDAD
Secretary: Manuel Santa Maria -Rizal wrote articles for La Solidaridad in defense of his
Treasurer: Mariano Ponce oppressed people and to point out the evils of Spanish rule in
Accountant: Jose Ma. Panganiban the Philippines
 By unanimous vote of all members, Rizal was chosen
honorary president 1. “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa), April 30, 1889
 January 28, 1889 - this was a reply to an anti-Filipino writing of a Spanish
- Rizal wrote a letter addressed to the members of the author Patricio de la Escosura which was published by
Asociacion La Solidaridad La Defensa on March 30, 1889
2. La Verdad Para Todos” (The Truth For All), May 31,
RIZAL AND THE LA SOLIDARIDAD NEWSPAPER 1889
 February 15, 1889 - Rizal’s defense against the Spanish charges that the
- Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the patriotic newspaper native local officials were ignorant and depraved
called La Solidaridad in Barcelona 3. Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo”, June 15, 1889
 La Solidadridad - in this article, Rizal exposes Barrabtes’ ignorance on
-fortnightly periodical which served as the organ of the the Tagalog theatrical art
Propaganda Movement 4. Una Profanacion” (A Profanation), July 31, 1889
 Its aims were as follows: - a bitter attack against the friars for denying Christian
(1) to work peacefully for political and social reforms burial to Mariano Herbosa in Calamba because he was a
(2) to portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so brother-in-law of Rizal. Herbosa, husband of lucia died
that Spain may remedy them of cholera on May 23, 1889
(3) to oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism 5. “Verdades Nuevas” (New Truths), July 31, 1889
(4) to advocate liberal ideas and progress - a reply to Vicente Belloc Sanchez’ letter published in La
(5) to champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino Patria, Madrid newspaper, on July 4, 1889, which
people to life, democracy and happiness asserted that the granting of reforms in the Philippines
would ruin the“peaceful and maternal rule” of the friars
6. “Crueldad” (Cruelty), August 15, 1889
- a brilliant defense of Blumentritt from the scutrillous
attack of his enemies

FIRST ARTICLE IN LA SOLIDARIDAD 7. “Diferencias’ (Differences), September 15, 1889

6
 - a reply to a biased article entitled “Old Truths”  While busy in research studies at the British Museum, Rizal
published in La Patria on August 14, 1889, which received news on Fray Rodriguez’ unabated attack on his
ridiculed those Filipinos who asked for reforms Noli
8. “Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences), November 30,  La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Vision of Fray
1889 Rodriguez)
- a defense of Antonio Luna against the attack of Pablo -pamphlet wrote by Rizal which published in Barcelona
Mir Deas in the Barcelona newspaper El Puieblo under his nom-de-plume Dimas Alang in order to defense
Soberano his novel
9. “Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughter), November 30, -In La Vision del Fray Rodriguez, Rizal demonstrated two
1889 things: (1) his profound knowledge of religion (2) his biting
- a denunciation of Spanish racial prejudice against satire
brown Filipinos  Letter to the Young Women of Malolos
10. “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude), January 15, 1890 - a famous letter wrote by Rizal on February 22, 1889 in
- a reply to Governor General Valeriano Weyler who, Tagalog
while visiting Calamba, told the people that they -this letter is to praise the young ladies of Malolos for their
“should not allow themselves to be deceived by the vain courage to establish a school where they could learn
promises of their ungrateful sons.” Spanish, despite the opposition of Fr. Felipe Garcia, a
 Simultaneous with Rizal retirement from the Propaganda Spanish parish priest of Malolos
Movement, Rizal ceased writing articles for La Solidaridad  The main points of this letter were:
 August 7, 1891 (1) a Filipino mother should teach her children love of God,
- M.H. del Pilar wrote to Rizal begging forgiveness for any fatherland, and mankind
resentment and requesting Rizal to resume writing for the (2) the Filipino mother should be glad, like the Spartan
La Solidaridad mother, to offer her sons in the defense of the fatherland
 Rizal stopped writing for La Solidaridad, it was because of (3) a Filipino woman should know how to preserve her
several reasons: dignity and honor
(1) Rizal need to work on his book (4) a Filipino woman should educate herself, aside from
(2) He wanted other Filipinos to work also retaining her good racial virtues
(3) Rizal considered it very important to the party that there (5) Faith is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing
be unity in the work religious pictures, but rather it is living the real Christian
(4) Marcelo H. del Pilar is already at the top and Rizal also way, with good morals and good manners
have his own ideas, it is better to leave del Pilar alone to  Dr Reinhold Rost, editor of Trubner’s Record, a journal
direct the policy devoted to Asian studies, request Rizal to contribute some
articles. In response to his request, the latter prepared two
articles—
WRITINGS IN LONDON (1) Specimens of Tagal Folklore, which published in the
journal in May, 1889
7
 (2) Two Eastern Fables, published in June, 1889
 March 19, 1889
- Rizal bade goodbye to the kind Beckett Family and left
London for Paris