Ii B.tech Cad Cam Lab

Basic CAD lab
Department of
Mechanical Engineering
Lab Manual for Basic CAD Lab
B.Tech II Year- I Semester
ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLAGE

(Accredited by NBA, Approved by A.I.C.T.E, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
Ananthagiri(V), Kodad(M), Nalgonda(Dt),(AP)
ANURAG Engineering College
Department of ME ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

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Basic CAD lab
Basic CAD LAB
II Year B.Tech ME- I sem.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Introduction to CAD
2. Selecting commands & Working with drawing.
3. Viewing drawing and Working with coordinates.
4. Creating simple entities by using draw commands
5. Modifying entities
a) Practice exercise-1
b) Practice exercise-2
c) Practice exercise-3
d) Practice exercise-4
6. Getting Drawing information
7. Working with text and practice
8. Dimensioning drawing and practice
9. 2D Drawing practice
10. Layers
11. Isometric views
12. Working with blocks

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Basic CAD lab
INTRODUCTION TO CAD
AUTOCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer aided design and drafting
available since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as a operator working at a separate mobile web
and cloud based app marked as autocad 360.developed and marketed by autodesk, inc autocad was first
released in December 1982 running on micro computer with internal graphics controller. prior to the
introduction of autocad commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computer or minicomputers with each
CAD graphics terminal AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries by architects project managers,
engineers, and other professionals. It is supported by 750 training centers worldwide as of 1944.
APPLICATION OF AUTOCAD
The AutoCAD software is being used for design and analysis purposes by the engineers and technicians in
the field of mechanical, civil, and electrical engineering for creating drawings.
- Mechanical Engineering for creating component drawings, assembly drawings, jigs
&fixtures drawings etc…
- Civil engineering for creating building drawings, drawings of road and railway bridges tect etc…
- Electrical engineering for creating drawings of electrical machines like motor, generator,
transformer, circuit diagram etc…
-
CAD SCREEN INTERFACE
Initial screen contains menu bar, standard tool bar, Object properties tool bar, Draw tool bar, Modifying
tool bar, command prompt window, co-ordinate display, status bar, scroll bar, cursor, drawing area etc.,
MENUBAR
Menu bar contains various menus. The various menus such as File, Edit, View, Insert , Format, Tools,
Draw etc.,From the menu bar you can choose menu options in the following way,Click on the desired
menu to display pull down menu, which contains various commands.Click the command from the list of
commands in the pull down menu.
STANDARD TOOL BAR
Standard tool bar is a collection of icons arranged in horizontal direction. The purpose of tool bar is to carry
out different management task such as opening a file, saving a file, printing a file etc.,
MODIFY TOOLBAR
This tool bar also contains various icons such as Erase, copy, Mirror, offset, Array, Move, Rotate, Scale,
stretch, trim, etc.,
DRAW TOOLBAR
This tool bar contains various icons such as Line, polyline, polygon, rectangle, arc, ellipse, etc.

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Basic CAD lab
SELECTING COMMANDS & WORKING WITH DRAWING
POINTING DEVICE (MOUSE):

AutoCAD uses either a mouse or digitizing tablet to select objects in a drawing.
Left Mouse Button
Used to pick or select objects
1. Click the left mouse button to select an object area in the drawing.
2. Press ESC twice to deselect an object (or to cancel a command).
Right Mouse Button
Used to enter a command, repeat last command, or access shortcut menus.
Click the right mouse button. ZOOM
Increases or decreases the apparent size of objects in the current viewport
1.Choose View, Zoom.
or
2.Click a Zoom icon.

or
Type ZOOM at the command prompt. Command: Zoom or Z
Type One of the following zoom options:
Creating a New Drawing

NEW Command
Creates a new drawing file.
Choose File, New.
or
Press CTRL + N
or
Click the New icon. o
Type NEW at the Command prompt.
Command: NEW
Choose One of the options for creating a new drawing.
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Basic CAD lab
Click The OK button.
Save the drawing as another name.
Open Existing Drawings

Choose File, OPEN.
or
Press CTRL + O.
or
Click the OPEN icon.
or
Type OPEN at the command prompt.
Command: OPEN
Press ENTER
Double Click the desired directory to find the drawing to open.
Click the drawing name to open.
Click The OK button.
Running Object Snaps
An object snap mode specifies a snap point at an exact location on an object. OSNAP
specifies running object snap modes, which remain active until you turn them off.
1.Choose Tools, Drafting Settings...

or
Type DDOSNAP at the command prompt Command: DDOSNAP
or
2.Click OSNAP on the Status Bar.
3.Right Click the Object Snap TAB.
4.Choose an object snap to turn ON/OFF from the dialog box.

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Orthogonal Lines
Controls lines from being drawn at various angles to straight lines. When the snap grid is rotated,
ortho mode rotates accordingly.
1. Press Function Key F8.

or
1. Double Click ORTHO from the Status Bar.
or
3. Press CTRL + L.
USING THE PROMPT HISTORY WINDOW
The Prompt History window displays a history of the commands and prompts issued since you started the
current session of progeCAD. By default, the program tracks up to 256 command lines. There is no limit to
the number of command lines you can track, but program performance may be degraded if you choose to
track an excessively high number of line.

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F1 Online Help
F2 Flipscreen
F3 Osnap ON/OFF
F4 Tablet On/Off
F5 Isoplane Toggle
F6 Coords On/Off
F7 Grid On/Off
F8 Ortho On/Off
F9 Snap On/Off
F10 Polar On/Off
F11 Object Snap Tracking ON/OFF

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Basic CAD lab
VIEWING DRAWING AND WORKING WITH COORDINATES
SCROLL BAR
You can turn on the scroll bar in the Options dialog box. At the command prompt, enter OPTIONS to open
the Options dialog box. On the Display tab, select Display Scroll Bars in Drawing Window.
f you need to read and edit AutoCAD files, AutoCAD Drawing Viewer is a free tool that allows viewing,
editing, printing, converting and saving of AutoCAD drawing files.
PAN
Shifts the location of a view.
1. Choose View, Pan.
or
2.Click the Pan icon. or

3.Type PAN from the command prompt. Command: PAN or P
WORKING WITH COORDINATES

Types Of Coordinate System:
AutoCAD is provided with three co ordinate system to draw a line, they are
Absolute Co-ordinate
Polar Co-ordinate
Relative Co-ordinate
Absolute coordinates are based on the UCS origin (0,0), which is the intersection of the X and Y axes. Use
absolute coordinates when you know the precise X and Y values of the point.
To enter absolute polar coordinates (2D) :At a prompt for a point, enter coordinates in the tooltip using the
following format:
#distance <angle
If dynamic input is turned off, enter coordinates on the command line using the following format:
Distance <angle
To use polar coordinates to specify a point, enter a distance and an angle separated by an angle bracket (<

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To enter relative polar coordinates (2D)

At a prompt for a point, enter coordinates using the following format:
@distance<angle
Relative coordinates are based on the last point entered. Use relative coordinates when you know the
location of a point in relation to the previous point.
To specify relative coordinates, precede the coordinate values with an @ sign. For example, entering
@1<45 specifies a point at a distance of 1 unit from the last point specified at an angle of 45 degrees from
the X axis.
CO-ORDINATE METHOD
POINT ABSOLUTE RELATIVE POLAR
P1 0,0 0,0 0,0
P2 90,0 @ 90,0 @ 90 < 0
P3 90,35 @ 0,35 @ 35 < 90
P4 0,35 @90,0 @90<180
P5 0,0 @0,0 @35<270

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Basic CAD lab
CREATING SIMPLE ENTITIES BY USING DRAW COMMANDS
1. LINE
2. CONSTRUCTION LINE
3. POLY LINE
4. POLYLINE
5. RECTANGLE
6. ARC
7. CIRCLE
8. SPLINE
9. ELLIPSE
10. ARC
11. INSERT BLOKE
12. MAKE BLOKE
13. POINT
14. HATCH
15. REGION
16. MULTILINE TEXT
LINE (L):
Is the command used to draw line series of line segment by using Autocad
Command line
Command column:- specify first point (here specify the starting point)
There are four options for drawing a line. They are
1. Absolute co-ordinate option
2. Relative co-ordinate option
3. polar co-ordinate option

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CONSTRUCTION LINE (XL)
Lines that extended to infinity such as xlines can be used to create
Contraction and reference lines and for trimming boundaries
Command XL
Poly line (PL)
A polyline is a connected sequence of segment created as a single
Planar object and by this you can create straight line segment arc segments
Or a combination of the two
At least two points must be specified to use the closed option
Command POL
Rectangle (REC)
With this command you can specify the rectangle parameters (length, width, rotation) and control the type of
corner (fillet chamfer or square)
Specify first corner point (chamfer /elevation /fillet/thickness/width)
Specify a point or enter an option
Command REC
ARC(A)
This command is used to draw an arc by using Auto cad
Command ARC specify start point of arc or centre
(click start point)
Specify second point of an arc or (center/end)
(click second point)
Specify end point of arc (click end point)
Command A
Circle (C)
This command is used to draw a circle by using Autocad
Command specify center point by using Autocad

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Command: specify center point of circle for (3p/2p/ttr(tan tan radius)
Located through center point by using the cursor
Specify radius of the circle or (diameter) (here specify the radius of circle or type D for entering diameter)
Command C
ELLIPSE (ELI)
by this command we can create an ellipse
defines the first axis by its two endpoints. The angle of the first axis
determine the angle of the ellipse. The first axis can define the major or the minor axis of the ellipse.
Command ELI
INSERT BLOCK (I)
By this command we can insert a block or drawing specifies the name and position of the block or drawing to
insert.
The last block or drawing to insert.
The last block or drawing to insert.
The last block you insert during the current editing session
Becomes the default block for subsequent uses of INSERT. The position of the inserted block depends on the
orientation of the UCS.
Command ELI
Make block(B)
Block command is used to create a block of objects and we can insert in to the drawing when
It requires. specifies the objects to include in the new block and whether to retain or delet the selected objects
or convert them to a block instance after you create the block.
Specify on screen
Prompts you to specify the objects when the dialog box is closed.
Select objects
Closes the block definition dialog box temporarily while you select the objects for the blocks.
When you finish selecting objects, press enter to redisplay the block. Definition dialog box.

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Quick select
Display the quick
Select dialog box which defines a selection test.
Retain
Retains the selected objects objects as distinct objects in the drawing after you create the block.
Delete
Delete the selected objects objects from the drawing after you create the block
Object selected
Displays the number of selected objects
Command B
POINT(PO)
Point command is used to create specified points in deferent styles to the drawing
Command PO
HATCH(H)
Hatching is filling of a specified and enclosed area of a drawing with a predefine or user define pattern
HACH is the command used for hatching the objects.
Command H
TEXT (T)
Text command is used for entering the related details on a drawing by using Auto cad.
There are two types of text command multiline text and single line text
Command T

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Basic CAD lab
MODIFYING ENTITIES
1. ERASE(E)
2. COPY(CO)
3. MIRROR(MI
4. OFFESET(O)
5. ARRAY(AR)
6. MOVE(M)
7. ROTATE(RO)
8. SCALE(SC)
9. TRIM(TR)
10. EXTAND (EX)
11. CHAMFER(CHA)
12. EXPLODE(X)
ERASE(E)
Erase command is used to remove the selected objects from a drawing
COPY(CO)
Copy command is used to create one or more copies of selected objects
MIRROR(MI)
Mirror command is used to create mirror image of an objects.
OFFESET(O)
Offset command is used to create a new object, which has shap of the object to be selected
ARRAY(AR)
Array command is used to create multiple copies of an objects in rectangular or circular pattern
MOVE(M)

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Move command is used to move an object or objects from a position to any required position without
changing their size.
ROTATE(RO)
Rotate command is used to rotate an object through any specified angle about its base.
SCALE(SC)
Scale command is used to change the size of an object according to scale factor if the scale factor is greater
than one the object enlarged and if it less than one the object is in reduced size.
TRIM(TR)
Trim command is used to cut and remove any drawn line at any required point.
EXTAND (EX)
Extend command is used an object an object between two points
CHAMFER(CHA)
Chamfer command is used to join two parallel lines and an arc circles polylines with an arc of specified
radius.
EXPLODE(X)
Explode command is used to split compound objects like polyline, block, multiline, text etc.

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Basic CAD lab
Exercise – 1
Aim: To create a 2D view of the given diagram using Auto CAD.
Software Used: Autocad-2018
Procedure:
Type limits in command menu &

set values to 45,45
1. Change the units to millimeters from inches and also precision to 0 by clicking format ->
units -> ok.
2. To set the paper size type zoom -> enter and type a -> enter in command bar
4.Draw the 3 concentric circles of diameters 85 ,62,32
5. Draw the 2 axes lines from the centre of the circles
6. Draw the circle with 14dia on 62dia of circle and offset of the vertical line with distance 4 to both
7.sides of the vertical line
8. Then trim the unwanted lines
9. Use the array command from modify tool bar to represent the 6 holes with 14 dia of centre of the
circles
10. Offset the vertical and horizontal axes with 47 and 52 distance
11. And draw the 2 circles with 14 radius and 12 dia at coincide of the offset axes
12.From the modify tool bar select the fillet command to represent the 12R fillet
13.Then mirror this to require the 2D drawing
14.Finally trim the unwanted lines and circles
Result: Hence the required 2D diagram is created using Auto CAD

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Exercise – 2
Software Used: Autocad-2018
Procedure:
1. Type limits in command menu & set values to 200,200.

2. Change the units to millimeters from inches and also precision to 0 by clicking format -> units -
>ok.
3. To set the paper size type zoom -> enter and type a -> enter in command bar
4.Draw 2 lines as the axes and draw concentric circles of specified diameter.
0 0
5. Draw a ray of 30 angle to the +ve Y axis as shown in the figure and a ray of angle 60 to the –ve
Y axis as shown in the figure.
6. Draw concentric circles from the point where the circle meets the positive Y axis as show.
7.Now trim the circles to get appropriate shape.
8.Continue with the design until the AutoCAD drawing his complete.
9.Give the dimensions from the dimension tool bar as in diagram.
Result: Hence the required 2D diagram is created using Auto CAD

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Exercise – 3

Software Used:Autocad-2018
Procedure:
1. Type limits in command menu & set value to 297,290.
2. Change the units to millimeters from inches and also precision to 0 by clicking format -> units -
>ok.
3. To set the paper size type zoom -> enter and type a -> enter in Command bar.
4 . Draw the 3 concentric circles with diameters 94, 74 & 54
5 .Draw the two axis lines from centre of circles
6 .Draw the vertical line from the centre of circle
7 .From the modify tool bar, use the array command to draw the 6holes with 12dia from centre of circles
8. Now draw the 300 line by use the vertical line.Then mirror the 300 line, with vertical line.
9. Again draw the concentric of radius 100 from centre of circle
10. From the modify toolbar, use the offset command to draw the 12 & 23 distance circle.
11. Draw 2 circles. With radius 23 & 12 on the 100R circle where the 300 line co-inside.
13 . From modify toolbar, mirror these circle to represent the another side.
14. And offset vertical line from centre of circle with a distance both side of vertical line.
15 . From modify toolbar, use the fillet command to represent fillet of radius 10 &9 to the offset line.
16 . Trim the unwanted lines to get required 2D drawing
Result: Hence the required 2D diagram is created using Auto CAD.

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Exercise – 4

Software Used:Autocad-2018
Procedure:
Type limits in command menu

&set value to 297,290.
1. Change the units to millimeters from inches and also precision to 0 by clicking
format -> units -<ok
2. To set the paper size type zoom -> enter and type a -> enter in Command bar.
4.Draw the 2 axes lines
5.Draw 2 concentric circles of diameter 58 and 40 above the axes
6.Draw the 10dia circle on the 40dia of the circle
7. And use the array command from modify tool bar to represent the 8 holes with 10dia from centre of
the circles.
8. Draw the 2 concentric circles of diameter 58 & 36 below the axes
9.Draw the circles of the diameter 8 on the circle of 36dia
10. Use the array command from the modify tool bar to represent the 6 holes with 8dia
11. Draw the 2 concentric circles of diameter 22 and 20 radius at the right side of the vertical line from the
vertical axes.
12. Fillet the circles of radius 20 with 15 radiuses.
13. And again draw the circles of diameter 16& 20R at left side of the vertical line from the vertical axes.
14.And chamfer the circles of radius 20 with 58dia circle
15.Then trim the unwanted lines to get the required 2D drawing.
Result: Hence the required 2D diagram is created using Auto CAD.

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GETTING DRAWING INFORMATION
Measuring intervals on entities
You can mark specified length increments along a selected entity using either a point entity or a block.
To measure intervals along an entity and mark them using point entities
Advanced experience level
1. Do one of the following:

o Choose Modify > Measure.
o On the Modify toolbar, click the Measure tool ( ).
o Type measure and then press Enter.
2. Select the entity.
3. Specify the segment length, and then press Enter.
When you select the entity by pointing, intervals are measured from the end closest to the point at which you
select the entity (A). Blocks or point entities (B) are placed along the entity at the specified interval.
Dividing entities into segments
You can place markers along a selected entity, dividing that entity into a specified number of equal-length
segments. You can use either a point entity or a block to mark the segments.
To divide an entity into segments and mark them using point entities
Advanced experience level
1. Do one of the following:

o Choose Modify > Divide.
o On the Modify toolbar, click the Divide tool ( ).
o Type divide and then press Enter.
2. Select the entity.
3. Specify the number of segments, and then press Enter.

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Basic CAD lab
WORKING WITH TEXT AND PRACTICE
AIM: To study and practice TEXT by using AutoCAD software.

Requirements:
1. Auto CAD software,
2. Computer Set up
PROCEDURE:
Create Single-line Text
For short, simple notes and labels, use single-line text.
1. Click Home tab Annotation panel Single Line Text. Find
2. Specify the insertion point.
If you press ENTER, the program inserts the new text immediately below the last text object you created, if
any.
3. Enter a height or click to specify the height of the text.
Note: If a specific text height is set in the current text style, this prompt is skipped.
4. Enter an angle value or click to specify the rotation angle.
5. Enter the text.
Note: While typing, the text may be displayed horizontally and at a legible size.
6. To create another single-line text, do one of the following:
Press ENTER to start another line of text immediately below.
Click a location for the next text object.
7. Press ENTER on a blank line to end the command.
Create Multiline Text:
For longer notes and labels with internal formatting, use multiline text.
1. Click Home tab-Annotation panel-Multiline Text.
2. Specify opposite corners of a bounding box to define the width of the multiline text object.
If the ribbon is active, the Text Editor contextual tab displays.
If the ribbon is not active, the Text Formatting toolbar displays.
3. Specify the initial formatting.
To indent the first line of each paragraph, drag the first-line indent slider on the ruler. To indent the other
lines of each paragraph, drag the hanging indent slider.
To set tabs, click the ruler where you want a tab stop.
To change the current text style, select the desired text style from the drop-down list.
4. Enter the text.
Note: While typing, the text may be displayed horizontally and at a legible size.
5. To change individual characters, words, or paragraphs, highlight the text and specify the formatting
changes.
Note: SHX fonts do not support boldface or italics.
6. To save your changes and exit the editor, use one of the following methods:
On the Text Editor ribbon contextual tab, in the Close panel, click Close Text Editor.
Click OK on the Text Formatting toolbar.
Click in the drawing outside the editor.
Press Ctrl+Enter.
Note: Press Esc to exit the editor without saving your changes.
RESULT: TEXT commands have been practiced by using AutoCAD software.

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DIMENSIONING DRAWING AND PRACTICE
AIM: To dimension the drawing by using Auto CAD software

Description: DIMLINEAR: DIMLINEAR creates linear dimensions
From Dimension menu, select Linear
At the command prompt, enter DIMLINEAR or DLI
Command: DIMLINEAR
First extension line origin or RETURN to select: Specify a point or press Enter for automatic extension lines
Point specification If you specify a point (P1) for the first extension line, AutoCAD prompts for the second
extension line origin
Second extension line origin: specify a point (P2 )
Object selection-Automatic extension lines
If you press enter to select an object, AutoCAD automatically determines the origin points of the first and
second extension lines.
If you select a circle, the endpoints of its diameter are used as the origin points. When the point used to select
the circle is close to the north or south quadrant point,
AutoCAD draws a horizontal dimension. When the point used to select the circle is close to the east or west
quadrant point, AutoCAD draws a vertical dimension. Dimension line location
(Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated):
Specify a point (P2) or enter an option.
Text: Allows you to customize the text.
Angle: Changes the angle of the dimension text.
Enter text angle: specify an angle
After you specify the angle, AutoCAD prompts
Dimension line location (Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated)
Horizontal: Creates horizontal linear dimensions
Dimension line location (Text/ Angle): Specify a point or enter an option
Vertical: Creates vertical dimensions
Dimension line location (Text/ Angle): Specify a point or enter an option
Rotate: Creates rotated linear dimensions
Dimension line angle: specify an angle or press enter

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DIMALIGNED
DIMALIGNED creates an aligned linear dimension
From dimension menu, select Aligned.
At the command prompt, enter DIMALIGNED or DAL
Command: DIMALIGNED
First extension line origin or RETURN to select: Specify a point for manual
extension lines, or press enter for automatic extension lines.
Object selection for Automatic extension lines Automatically determines the origin points of the
Select object to dimension: Select an object
DIMRADIUS
DIMRADIUS Creates radial dimensions for circles and arcs
From Dimension menu, select Radius
At the command prompt, enter DIMRADIUS or DRA
Command: DIMRADIUS
Select arc or circle: select an arc or a circle
AutoCAD measures the radius and displays the text with the letter R in the front of it
Dimension line location (Text/ Angle): specify a point or enter an option
Text
Dimension text < measured value>: Enter text or press
Angle
DIMDIAMETER
DIMDIAMETER creates diameter dimensions for circles and arcs
From Dimension menu, select Diameter
At the command: prompt, enter DIMDIAMETER or DDI
Command: DIMDIAMETER
Select arc or circle: select an arc or circle
AutoCAD measures the diameter and displays the text with symbol in front of it. The next prompt is
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Dimension line location (Text/ Angle): specify a point or enter an option

Text
Dimension text < measured value>: Enter text or press return
Dimension line location:
Angle
Changes the angle of the dimension text
After you specify the angle, AutoCAD redisplays
Dimension line location (Text/ Angle):
DIMANGULAR
DIMANGULAR creates angular dimensions.
From dimension menu, select Angular
At the command prompt, enter DIMANGULAR or DAN
Command: DIMANGULAR
Select arc, circle, line or RETURN
Select the appropriate object or press enter to specify three points
Three point specification Angle vertex: Specify a point (P1)
First angle end point: specify a point (P2) Second angle end point: specify a point (P3)
Arc selection
If you select an arc, AutoCAD determines the defining points for a three-point angular dimension. The center
of the arc is the angle vertex. The arc endpoints become the origin points of the extension lines.
Circle selection
If you select a circle, the centre of the circle is the angle vertex. The selection point is used as the origin of
the first extension line AutoCAD draws the dimension line as an arc between the extension lines. The
extension lines are drawn from the angle endpoints to the intersection of the dimension line.
DIMBASELINE
DIMBASELINE creates a linear, angular, or ordinate dimension from the baseline of the previous or selected
dimension
From the Dimension menu,
select Baseline or DBA
Command: DIMBASELINE
Second extension line origin or RETURN to select: specify a point or press to select a base dimension
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If the previous dimension was linear, angular or ordinate, AutoCAD uses the first extension line origin of
that dimension for the first extension line origin of the baseline dimension. After you specify a point,
AutoCAD draws the baseline dimension and redisplays the prompt.
Second extension line origin
If the previous dimension was linear, angular or ordinate, if you press enter at the second extension line
origin prompt, AutoCAD prompts you to select linear, angular or ordinate dimens ion to use as the basis for
the baseline dimension Select base dimension: Select a linear, angular or ordinate dimension
DIMCONTINUE
DIMCONTINUE continues a linear, angular or ordinate dimension from the second extension line of the
previous or a selected dimension
From Dimension menu, select Continue
At the command: prompt enter DIMCONTINUE or DCO
Command: DIMCONTINUE
If the previous dimension was linear, angular or ordinate,
AutoCAD uses the origin of that dimensions second extension line for the origin of the next dimension’s first
extension line.
Select extension line origin or RETURN to select:
Specify a point or press enter to select a continued dimension After you specify a point, AutoCAD draws the
next dimension.
AutoCAD redisplays the prompt
Select extension line origin or RETURN to select:
To end the command, press enter

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DIMORDINATE DIMORDINATE crates ordinate point dimensions

From Dimension menu, select Ordinate.
At the Command prompt, enter DIMORDINATE or DOR
Ordinate dimensions display the X or Y coordinate of a feature along with a simple leader line. These
dimensions are also known as datum dimensions. AutoCAD uses the current UCS to determine the
measurement. Command: DIMORDINATE Select feature: specify a point or snap to an object
Leader endpoint (X datum /Y datum /Text): Specify a point or enter an option
RESULT: DIMENSIONING commands have been practiced by using AutoCAD software.

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2D DRAWING PRACTICE
AIM:- To Draw The Part Drawing Of Knuckle Joint In 2D drawing Representation.
SOFTWARE USED:- AUTOCAD 2018
LIST OF COMMANDS USED:-
LINE: To Draw Straight Line
CIRCLE: To Draw Circle Of Any Diameter
ARC : To Draw Arc Of Any Radius
TRIM : To Remove The Unwanted Portion In Any Element
BATCH : To Do Sectioning In The Given Drawing
MIRROR: To Reflect The Image On The Other Side Of Axis
FILLET: To Join The Sharp Corners With The Curve
RESULT :- Thus The Part Drawing Of Knuckle Joint Is Drawn In Orthographic Representation Using
Autocad

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Basic CAD lab
LAYER
Aim: To study the AutoCAD layers in detail

Requirements:
1. AUTOCAD software
2. Computer setup
AutoCAD Layers:
The Layer command is a very important tool of AutoCAD. It lets you create layers to separate your drawing
objects. Layers are used to group, change the visibility and to control objects.
Layers allow you to easily control properties of a group of objects; line-weight, color, line-type.
Layers allow you to turn object or group of objects off, both on screen and on the plot.
Each layer you create has its own associated properties that are unique to that layer. A list of things you can
do using layers:
Control objects by locking and unlocking layers so they are not accidentally modified.
Allow layers to be plotted or not.
Create as many layers as you want.
Group layers by colors, line types, names, etc... Also, you can create a group filter inside the layer manager
that can be saved within the drawings so other sharing users can use it later.
• Isolate layers and objects with the same properties in the drawing space. For example, you want to show
only walls and hide all doors
• Change the visibility of drawing layouts.
• Turn on or off, freeze or thaw layers in model space or in the viewport layouts in paper space.
• Globally change objects properties.
Steps to create a layer:
1. Type LAYER in the command line or select from the layer toolbar.
2. By default AutoCAD will name the layer “layer1”.
3. Double click and rename it.

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Basic CAD lab
4. In the right column you can assign color, line type to the layer, freeze or thaw it.
5. Select the object in the drawing to which the layer will be assigned.
6. Click on the layer icon bar and select the appropriate layer.
Layer Settings:
The following are the most commonly used layer settings in the Layer Properties Manager. You click the
icon to turn the setting on and off.
Turn off layers. You turn off layers to reduce the visual complexity of your drawing while you work.
Freeze layers: You freeze layers that you do not need to access for a while. Freezing layers is similar to
turning them off, but improves performance in very large drawings.
Lock layers: You lock layers when you want to prevent accidental changes to the objects on those layers.
Also, the objects on locked layers appear faded, which helps reduce the visual complexity of your drawing,
but still lets you see the objects faintly.
Set default properties: You set the default properties for each layer, including color, linetype, line weight, and
transparency. New objects that you create will use these properties unless you override them. Overriding
layer properties is explained later in this topic.
Filters:
1. Click on the very first button on the top left side above the tree navigation and renamed it. Within the filter
dialogue you can double click below any column. For example, you want to create a filter for all layers with
the color blue.
2. Double click below the color column and select the blue color.
3. You can use the layer group filter to group layers that you define regardless of their properties.
Group Filter:
To create a new group filters:
4. Click on the second button on the top left side above the tree navigation.

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Basic CAD lab
5. Drag the layers you want to group from the right side to the group filter on the left. We only covered a few
procedures, but there are many more advantages for using layers.
Result: We studied about AutoCAD layers and practiced with an example.
EXAMPLE:

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Basic CAD lab
ISOMETRIC VIEWS
EXCERSICE: 1
AIM:
To draw the isometric view to full size of the parts from the orthographic view by using AutoCAD software.
Commands to be used:
DDunits, limits, zoom, line, arc, circle, mirror, trim, erase, extend, offset, move, copy, fillet,
chamfer, hatch, dimension etc.
PROCEDURE:
Set the DDUNITS, LIMITS, SNAP, ORTHO and OSNAP as per the dimension standards.
First create the Isometric box using Line, offset, sketch, trim, and erase commands
Then create the isometric view using the plan, elevation and side view of the given orthographic view
by using the commands circle, arc, fillet, line, offset, mirror, trim, Chprop and erase etc…,
RESULT:Thus the given practice on isometric drawing was created by using AutoCAD software.

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Basic CAD lab
EXCERSICE:2
AIM:To draw the isometric view to full size of the parts from the orthographic view by using AutoCAD
software.
Commands to be used:
DDunits, limits, zoom, line, arc, circle, mirror, trim, erase, extend, offset, move, copy, fillet,
chamfer, hatch, dimension etc.
PROCEDURE:
Set the DDUNITS, LIMITS, SNAP, ORTHO and OSNAP as per the dimension standards.
First create the Isometric box using Line, offset, sketch, trim, and erase commands
Then create the isometric view using the plan, elevation and side view of the given orthographic view
by using the commands circle, arc, fillet, line, offset, mirror, trim, Chprop and erase etc…,
RESULT: Thus the given practice on isometric drawing was created by using AutoCAD software.

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Basic CAD lab
EXCERSICE-3
AIM: To create a 2D isometric view of given diagram using Auto CAD.
PROCEDURE:
1. Type limit in command menu and set value to 217, 240.
2. Change the units to mm from inches and also precision to “0” by clicking format >units> OK
3. To set the paper size type zoom >enter and all > enter in command bar.
4. Go to drafting setting and turn on isometric snap.
5. Use f5 key to change between the view of isometric plans.
6. Start from the front view and draw the line of the length 104 using f8 key and continue with the
length line.
7. Change top plane and draw 72mm line.
8. Continue in the same funtion to complete the whole figure.
9. Give the dimension from dimension tool bar.
Result: Hence the required 2D isometric diagram is created using AutoCAD.

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Basic CAD lab
Exercise – 4
Aim: To create a 2D isometric view of the given diagram using Auto CAD
Procedure:
1. Type limits in command menu & set value to 297,290.
2. Change the units to millimeters from inches and also precision to
0 by clicking format -> units ->ok.
3. To set the paper size type zoom -> enter and type a -> enter in
Command bar.
4. Go to drafting settings and turn on isometric snap. Use the F5 key to
change between the views of isometric planes.
5. Start from the front view and draw the the line of length of line 54.
6. Draw the semi circle using the Iso circle option from the ellipse command.
7. Continue drawing using F5 and F8 snap keys.
8. Give proper dimensions to the figure and practice at home.
Result: Hence the required 2D isometric diagram is created using Auto CAD.

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Basic CAD lab
WORKING WITH BLOCK

Aim: To study the AutoCAD layers in detail
Requirements:
1. AUTOCAD software
2. Computer setup
Creating Local Blocks (BMAKE)

Create the objects you want to use in the block definition.
Click Insert tab Block Definition panel Create Block. ...
In the Block Definition dialog box, enter a block name in the Name box.
Under Objects, select Convert to Block. ...
Under Base Point and Objects, make sure Specify On-screen is not selected.
Select Objects.
Inserting Blocks
1. Choose Insert, Insert Block or
2. Click the Insert icon from the INSERT toolbar.
3. Type INSERT at the command prompt. Command: INSERT
4. Choose the name to insert a local block and Browse...to insert a Wblock.
5. Choose the insertion point, scale, and rotation of the block

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Basic CAD lab
Typing Insert (-INSERT)

1. Type INSERT at the command prompt. Command: -INSERT
2. Type Block name to insert. Insert block name or (?) type name
3. Pick An insertion
Point. Insertion
point: pick point
4. Press ENTER to keep the same x scale factor as the original block.
5. Press ENTER to keep the same x scale factor as the original block.
6. Press ENTER to keep a rotation angle of zero. Rotation angle: or
7. Pick A rotation angle.
Defining Attributes
1. Choose Draw, Block, Define Attributes... or
2. Type ATTDEF at the command prompt. Command: ATTDEF
3. Choose TAG to specify each attribute occurrence in the drawing.
4. Choose Prompt to fill in the prompt that the user sees when placing the attribute.
5. Choose Value to fill in a default value.
6. Pick An insertion point for each attribute
7. Create a block which includes the new attributes.

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Basic CAD lab
Toggle the following mode settings to on or off .

Invisible Does not display, but allows extraction.
Constant All occurrences of this Attribute have the same value.
Verify Issues extra prompts to verify a proper value.
Preset Does not prompt for this Attribute during Block insertion
Editing Attributes:
1. Choose Modify, Object, Attribute, Single... or
2. Click the Edit Attribute icon from the Modify II Toolbar. Or
3. Type ATTEDIT at the command prompt Command: ATTEDIT
4. Pick The block to edit and Select block: pick
Block Attribute Manager
1. Open a drawing with attributes.
2. Type BATTMAN at the command prompt. Command: BATTMAN or
3. Choose Modify, Object, Attribute, Block Attribute Manager or
4. Click the Block Attribute Manager icon from the Modify II Toolbar
Result: We studied and practiced about AutoCAD blocks and practiced with an example.

37

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Basic CAD lab

B.Tech II Year- I Semester

ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLAGE

Ananthagiri(V), Kodad(M), Nalgonda(Dt),(AP)

ANURAG Engineering College

Department of ME ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Basic CAD LAB

II Year B.Tech ME- I sem.

Department of ME ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Department of ME ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SELECTING COMMANDS & WORKING WITH DRAWING

POINTING DEVICE (MOUSE):

Used to enter a command, repeat last command, or access shortcut menus.

Click the right mouse button. ZOOM

Increases or decreases the apparent size of objects in the current viewport

1.Choose View, Zoom.

2.Click a Zoom icon.

Type One of the following zoom options:

Creating a New Drawing

Click The OK button.

Save the drawing as another name.

Open Existing Drawings

1.Choose Tools, Drafting Settings...

Department of ME ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Press Function Key F8.

USING THE PROMPT HISTORY WINDOW

Department of ME ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

F10 Polar On/Off

F11 Object Snap Tracking ON/OFF

Department of ME ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

VIEWING DRAWING AND WORKING WITH COORDINATES

2.Click the Pan icon. or

WORKING WITH COORDINATES

Department of ME ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

To enter relative polar coordinates (2D)

Department of ME ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

CREATING SIMPLE ENTITIES BY USING DRAW COMMANDS

11. INSERT BLOKE

12. MAKE BLOKE

16. MULTILINE TEXT

There are four options for drawing a line. They are

1. Absolute co-ordinate option

2. Relative co-ordinate option

3. polar co-ordinate option

CONSTRUCTION LINE (XL)

Lines that extended to infinity such as xlines can be used to create

Contraction and reference lines and for trimming boundaries

Poly line (PL)

A polyline is a connected sequence of segment created as a single

Or a combination of the two

At least two points must be specified to use the closed option

Specify first corner point (chamfer /elevation /fillet/thickness/width)

Specify a point or enter an option

This command is used to draw an arc by using Auto cad

Command ARC specify start point of arc or centre

(click start point)

Specify second point of an arc or (center/end)

(click second point)