Oral Comm Di Ko Alam

Speech Writing Process
Just like event planning, or any other activities, writing an

effective speech follows certain steps or practices. The process for
writing is not chronological or linear; rather, it is recursive. That
means you have the opportunity to repeat a writing procedure
indefinitely, or produce multiple drafts first before you can settle on
the right one.
And these are the speech writing process:
1. Conducting An Audience Analysis- Audience analysis involves

identifying the audience and adapting a speech to their interests, level
of understanding, attitudes and beliefs.
-Taking an audience-centered approach is important because a
speaker's effectiveness will be improved if the presentation is created
and delivered in an appropriate manner.
2. Determining The Purpose Of The Speech-the general purpose of the

speech will be either to inform; motivate/persuade; or entertain your
audience.
- As soon as you know the general purpose of your speech you can
develop your specific purpose statement. And your specific purpose
statement is used to develop your speech.
3. Selecting a Topic-selecting a topic is a process. We often start by

selecting a broad area of knowledge and then by narrowing the topic to
one that is manageable for a given rhetorical situation.
4. Narrowing Down a Topic- It's a process of working from the outside

in: you start with the world of all possible topics (or your assigned
topic) and narrow down until you've focused your interest enough to be
able to tell precisely what you want to find out, instead of only what
you want to "write about."
5. Data Gathering- is the stage where you collect ideas, information,

sources and references relevant or related to your specific topic.
-Writing patterns in general, are structures that will help you organize
the ideas related to your topic.
6. Editing and/or Revising- During revising, you add, cut, move, or

change information in order to improve content. During editing, you take
a second look at the words and sentences you used to express your ideas
and fix any problems in grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure.
7. Selecting a speech pattern- Will help you to organize your ideas.
8. Preparing an outline- Can help you arrange your thoughts to make it

easy for you to write speech in an organized way.
9. Creating the body of speech- Involves writing explanations, examples,

and details about the topic you have chosen. Be sure to focus on the
main idea.
10. Preparing the introduction- Must catch the attention of your

audience and present the subject or topic of your speech.
11. Preparing the conclusion- Restates the main point of your speech.
You can summarize, emphasize your point, and call for action. Your goal
is to leave a memorable mark to your audience.
12. Rehearsing- It gives you an opportunity to identify what works and

what does not work for you and for your target audience. Best thing to
remember at this stage is "Constant practice makes perfect."
Audience Analysis - Involves identifying the audience and adapting

a speech to their interests, level of understanding, attitudes, and
beliefs. Taking an audience-centered approach is important because the
speaker's effectiveness will be improved if the presentation is created
and delivered in an appropriate manner. Audience adaptation often
involves walking a very fine line over between over-adapting and under-
adapting — a distinction that can be greater appreciated by
understanding the general components of this skill.
Example: A secondary teacher may think that his/her main audiences
are just the 'students', but in fact she/he could give and develop
specific audiences such as kindergarten, primary schooler, or tertiary
students that could understand his/her speech because it is leveled to
their level of understanding, and interest.
Under Audience Analysis, the audiences should include:
•Demography - Demographic Audience analysis defines and examines an
audience by its demographics, such as, gender classification, sexual
orientation, educational background and level, income, and other
statistical data.
Note: Demographical Data are the data that can be gathered easily,
rather than the psychology and situation.
Demographic information is pretty clear and easy to check, but

psychographic information is not that easy to understand. A
psychographic analysis looks at things like values, beliefs, attitudes,
preferences, cultural and racial ideologies and needs of the audiences.
Another one is the situational analysis, Situational Analysis can be

defined as an audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such
as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech,
disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the
occasion.
In broad terms, an entertaining speech is a speech designed to

captivate an audience's attention and regale or amuse them while
delivering a message. Like more traditional informative or persuasive
speeches, entertaining speeches should communicate a clear message, but
the manner of speaking used in an entertaining speech is typically
different. Entertaining speeches are often delivered on special
occasions (e.g., a toast at a wedding, an acceptance speech at an awards
banquet, a motivational speech at a conference), which is why they are
sometimes referred to as special-occasion speeches. However, they can
also be given on more mundane occasions, where their purpose is
primarily to amuse audience members or arouse them emotionally in some
way. Remember, when we use the word "entertain," we are referring not
just to humor but also to drama. The goal of an entertaining speech is
to stir an audience's emotions.
A persuasive speech provides the audience with a well argued ideas
that can influence their beliefs and decision
A successful persuasive speech effectively convinces the audience
to your point of view
A persuasive speech is a speech that is given with the intention of
convincing the audience to believe or do something. This could be
virtually anything - voting, organ donation, recycling, and so on.
AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH PROVIDES THE AUDIENCE WITH THE CLEAR

UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT OR IDEA PRESENTED BY THE SPEAKER.
The purpose of the informative speech is to provide interesting, useful,
and unique information to your audience. By dedicating yourself to the
goals of providing information and appealing to your audience, you can
take a positive step toward succeeding in your efforts as an informative
speaker.
Topic - topic is your focal point of your speech. The meaning of

FOCAL is of, relating to, being, or having a focus. So your topic is the
center and focus of your speech. It can determined once you have decided
on your purpose. If you are to decide your topic, choose one that really
interest you. There are a variety of strategies used in selecting a
topic, such as your personal experiences, discussing with your family
members or friends, free writing, listing, asking questions, or semantic
webbing. Semantic webbing is a method used to organize information.
Narrowing Down A Topic

- making your main idea more specific and focused.
Steps for Narrowing a Topic
1. You need to start out with a general topic. Take the topic and break
it down categories by asking the five W's and H.
• Who?
• What?
• Where?
• Why?
• When?
• How?
2. Also you can refine your ideas by considering the S.O.C.R.A.P.R
model. You can further narrow down your topic to something you can
easily write.
• S - Similarities
• O - Opposites
• C - Contrasts
• R - Relationship
• A - Anthropomorphisms
• P - Personifications
• R - Repetition
It is a no-fail option, and when nothing comes to your mind at all, you
can rely on the S.O.C.R.A.P.R model.
A more specific topic is much more easier to research than a broad
topic. Your topic should be narrow enough to discuss in a few pages.
Data Gathering is the stage where you collect ideas, information,

sources, and references relevant or related to your specific topic.
This can be done by:
1. Visiting the library
2. Browsing the web
3. Observing a certain phenomenon or event related to your topic
4. Conducting an interview or survey
This data that you will gather will be very useful to make your speech
informative, entertaining and persuasive.
The data gathering is used for us to make our speech reliable.
Writing Pattern
- writing pattern is a specific way of organizing ideas to convey a
certain type of argument. Writing pattern are also sometimes referred to
as patterns of organization, rhetorical modes, or rhetorical styles.
These are the several writing styles from which you can choose the one
that most closely matches your topic.
1. Biographical
-dealing with a particular person's life.
-most used part
2. Categorical/Topical
-create categories of information that go together to help support your
original specific purpose.
3. Causal
-relating to or acting as a cause.
4. Chronological
-relating to the establishment of date and time sequences.
5. Comparison/Contrast
-comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar, while
contrast in writing discusses elements that are different.
6. Problem-solution
-is an essay that describes a problem and discusses possible solutions
to the problem.

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Speech Writing Process

Just like event planning, or any other activities, writing an

And these are the speech writing process:

1. Conducting An Audience Analysis- Audience analysis involves

2. Determining The Purpose Of The Speech-the general purpose of the

3. Selecting a Topic-selecting a topic is a process. We often start by

4. Narrowing Down a Topic- It's a process of working from the outside

5. Data Gathering- is the stage where you collect ideas, information,

6. Editing and/or Revising- During revising, you add, cut, move, or

7. Selecting a speech pattern- Will help you to organize your ideas.

8. Preparing an outline- Can help you arrange your thoughts to make it

9. Creating the body of speech- Involves writing explanations, examples,

10. Preparing the introduction- Must catch the attention of your

12. Rehearsing- It gives you an opportunity to identify what works and

Audience Analysis - Involves identifying the audience and adapting

Demographic information is pretty clear and easy to check, but

Another one is the situational analysis, Situational Analysis can be

In broad terms, an entertaining speech is a speech designed to

AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH PROVIDES THE AUDIENCE WITH THE CLEAR

Topic - topic is your focal point of your speech. The meaning of

Narrowing Down A Topic

Data Gathering is the stage where you collect ideas, information,

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