DOROTHEA OREM (1914-2007) 1949-1957 spent 8 years in Indiana working at the

division of hospital and institutional services of the

SELF CARE DEFICIT THEORY Indiana state board of health
 Born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1914 Orem’s goal was to upgrade the quality of nursing in
general hospitals throughout the state. During the
Early 1930s began nursing career & received
span of time she developed her definition of nursing
diploma at Providence Hospital School of Nursing in
practice.
Washington DC
1957 moved t Washington DC to take position at the
1939 received BS degree in Nursing Ed at Catholic
office of education and welfare as a curriculum
University of America
consultant
1946 Received master of science degree in nursing
1958 – 1960 worked on a project to upgrade
ed at CUA
practical nurse training
Early nursing experiences
 what is the subject matter of nursing?
 included operating room nursing, private duty  As a result, guides for developing curricula for
nursing, hospital staff on nursing on pediatric the ed of practical nurse was developed
and adult medical surgical units, evening  Served as acting dean of SoN and associate
supervisor in the emergency room and prof of nursing ed
biological science teaching  Orem died on June 22,2007 in Savannah,
1940 to 1949 held the directorship of both the Georgia where she spent the last 25 years as
nursing school and the department of nursing at consultant and author
Providence Hospital, Detroit  Orem was 92
THEORY OF SELF CARE DEFICIT
I Theory of Self Care requisites by using valid methods and related
sets operations and actions"
Self Care
II THEORY OF DEPENDENT CARE
 comprises the practice of activities that
maturing and mature persons initiate and Dependent Care
perform, within time frames, on their own
 refers to the care that is provided to a person
behalf in the interest of maintaining life,
who, because of age o factors, is unable to
healthful functioning, continuing personal
perform the self-care needed to maintain life,
development, and well-being by meeting
healthful fun continuing personal
known requisites for functional and
development, and well-being
developmental regulations (orem,2001)
 practice of activities that individuals initiate Dependent Care Agency
and perform independently on their behalf in  refers to the acquired ability of a person to
maintaining life, health, and well-being. know and meet therapeutic self-care demand
Self Care Agency of the dependent person and/or regulate the
develop exercise of the dependent's self-care
 is a human ability which is the "ability for
agency
engaging in self care activities: conditioned by
age, developmental state, life experience,
sociocultural orientation, health, and available
resources
Dependent Care Deficit
Therapeutic Self Care Demand
 relationship that exists when the dependent-
 "totality of self care actions to be performed care provider’s agency is not adequate to meet
for some duration in order to meet self-care
 the therapeutic self-care demand of the person his or her powers of self-care agency in which
receiving dependent care the constituent-developed self-care
capabilities within self-care agency are
Dependent care demand
inoperable or inadequate for knowing and
 summation of care measures at a specific point meeting some or all components of the
in time or over a duration of time for meeting existent or projected therapeutic self-care
the dependent's therapeutic, self-care demand demand
when his or her self-care agency is not  specific when nursing is needed because the
adequate or operational person cannot carry out self-care
III THEORY OF SELF CARE DEFICIT  nursing is required when an adult (or in the
case of a dependent, the parent) is incapable
 self-care deficit is the relationship between an or limited in the provision of continuous
individual's therapeutic self-care demand and effective self care

IV THEORY OF NURSING SYSTEMS

Nursing System
 series and sequences of deliberate practical  describes how the patient's self- care needs
actions of nurses performed at times in will be met by the nurse, the patient or both
coordination with the actions of their patients
3 Classification of Nursing systems to meet the self-
to know and meet components of patients'
care requisites of the patient :
therapeutic self-care demands and to protect
and regulate the exercise of development of 1 Wholly Compensatory System
patients' self-care agency  patient is dependent
  nurse is expected to accomplish all the b. the patient had undergone surgery
patient's therapeutic self-care or to (appendectomy) a day ago. he has slight fever
compensate (temperature is 37.7°c), still in pain and needs
 for the patient’s inability to engage in self care analgesic to relieve the pain. he is still on NPO.
or when the patient needs continuous 3 Supportive Educative system
guidance in self-care.
 E.g. is unconscious bc, he had a stroke.  patient can meet self-care requisites, but
 the patient has quadriplegia because of SCI needs assistance with decision making or
after falling from the roof of their house  knowledge and skills to learn self-care
 the patient will be dependent on the nurse's  E.g. the patient is pregnant for the first time.
care for his needs air, water, food, elimination, the physician told her that her pregnancy is
 activity/rest, solitude/social interaction, normal. the patient is capable of self-care but
prevention of hazards, promotion of normalcy. she needs to learn self care for pregnancy.
 the patient had been newly diagnosed to have
diabetes mellitus
Nursing
2 Partially Compensatory System
 nursing is an art through which the practitioner
 the patient can meet some needs. of nursing gives specialized assistance to
 needs nursing assistance. persons with disabilities, making more than
 both the nurse and the patient engage in ordinary assistance necessary to meet self-care
meeting self-care needs. needs
a. the patient fell from the stairs in his school  nurse also intelligently participates in the
and had fracture of his right leg. his leg is now medical care the individual receives from the
on cast. physician
Humans
 humans are defined as “men, women, and
children cared for either singly or as social
units” and are the “material object” of nurses
and others who provide direct care
Environment
 environment has physical, chemical, and
biological features. it includes the family,
culture, and community
Health
 “being structurally and functionally whole or
sound.” also, health is a state that
encompasses both the health of individuals
and groups, and human health is the ability to
reflect on oneself, symbolize experience, and
communicate with others
Universal Self Care Requisites
 associated with life processes and the
maintenance of the human structure and
functioning integrity