Orems Theory and Process

OREM’S SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY
A. Theory of Self-Care
B. Theory of Self-Care Deficit
C. Theory of Nursing System
Theory of self-care
1. Self Care
▪ practice of activities that individuals/patients
caring for themselves to maintain health and
state of well-being.
2. Self-Care Agency
▪ human ability for engaging in self care activities
conditioned by basic conditioning factors.
3. Therapeutic Self-Care Demand

▪ Totality of self care action to be performed for some duration of time in order to
meet self requisite by using valid methods
4. Self-Care Requisites
▪Action directed towards provision of self care.
▪ 3 categories: Universal, Developmental, Health
Deviation.
4.1. Universal Self-Care Requisites
▪ Common to all ADL
▪ Maintenance of sufficient intake of air, water,
▪ Maintenance of sufficient intake of food
▪ Maintenance of balance between activity and rest
4.2. Developmental Self Care Requisites
 Associated with developmental processes derived from condition Or
associated with an event.
4.3. Health Deviation Self Care
 Required in conditions of illness, injury, or disease these include:
 Seeking aware of and attending to the effects and result of pathologic
conditions
 Learning to live with effects of pathologic conditions
Theory of self-care deficit

 Specifies when nursing is needed
Orem identifies 5 methods of helping:
 Acting for and doing others
 Guiding others
 Supporting another
 Providing an environment promoting personal development in relation to meet
future demands
 Teaching another
Theory of Nursing system
 Describes how the patient’s self care needs will be met by the nurse, patient , or
both
 General and specific roles of nurses and patient
 Scope of nursing responsibility in health care situation.
3 Classification of Nursing System

 Wholly Compensatory System
 Partly Compensatory System
 Supportive – Educative System
Wholly Compensatory Nursing System

 This represented by a situation in which the individual is unable to engage self-
care action.
 Person with this limitation are socially dependent on others for their continued
existence and well- being.
Partly Compensatory Nursing System

 This is represented by situation in which “The patient or the nurse may have a
major role in the performance of care measure.”
Supportive – Educative System

 This is also known as “Supportive Developmental System”
 The person is able to perform or can and should learn to perform required
measures of externally or internally oriented therapeutic self – care but cannot do
so without assistance.
Major assumptions of orem’s sdnt

1. People are supposed to be self-reliant, responsible for your personal care
and anyone else of their family who may be in need of care.
2. Each person is a distinct individual.
3. Nursing should be considered a form of action because it is an interaction
which occurs between 2 or more people.
4. One of the most important components of
prevention and the removal of ill health at a
primary care level is to successfully meet
developmental and universal self-care
requisites.
5. The knowledge an individual has about their potential health issues is a
necessary component of any self-care behaviors they may be able to
implement.
6. Self-care and dependent care are both learned behaviors within the context
of a socio-cultural element.
Nursing Process Orem’s Nursing Process

Assessment  Diagnosis and prescription; determine why nursing is
needed.
 Design of a nursing system and plan for delivery of care.
 Production management of nursing system.
Step 1 - COLLECT DATA IN SIX AREAS
 Person’s health status.
 The physician’s perspective of the person’s health status
 The person’s perspective of his or her health.
 The health goals within the context of life history , life style
, and health status.
 The person requirement’s for self- care.
 The person capacity to perform self-care.
Nursing Diagnosis Step 2 : The nurse design a system that is wholly or partly
Plan compensatory or supportive- educative.
THE TWO ACTIONS ARE:

 Bringing out a good organization of the components of
patient’s therapeutic self-care demand.
 Selection of combination of ways of helping that will be
effective and efficient in compensating for/overcoming
patient’s self care deficit.
Implementation and Step 3 :

Evaluation  Nurses Assist the patient or family in self- care matters to
achieve identified and described health and health related
result. Collecting evidence in evaluating results achieved
against results specified in nursing system design.
 Action are directed by etiology component of nursing
diagnosis.
 Evaluation

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OREM’S SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY

3. Therapeutic Self-Care Demand

Theory of self-care deficit

3 Classification of Nursing System

Wholly Compensatory Nursing System

Partly Compensatory Nursing System

Supportive – Educative System

Major assumptions of orem’s sdnt

Nursing Process Orem’s Nursing Process

THE TWO ACTIONS ARE:

Implementation and Step 3 :

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