APPROVAL SHEET

Complete report of experiment Basic Chemistry with the title “Acid-Base

Neutralization” arranged by,
name : Ainun Febrianti
ID : 2101055110009
class/group : ICP Of Chemistry Education/ III (Three)
Has been and strictly corrected by the assistant and the assistant coordinator, so it
is accepted

Makassar, 28 October 2021

Coordinator Assistant
Assistant

Maipha Deapati Arief, S.Pd Tuski

ID.1713040009

Known by,
Responsibilty Lecturer

Dr. HJ. Army Auliah, M.Si

ID.1964030619920320
A. TITTLE OF EXPERIMENT
Acid base neutralization

B. OBJECTIVE OF EXPERIMENT
Perform an acid-base titration using an indicator

C. LITERATURE REVIEW
The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases In 1887, the Swedish
chemist Svante Arrhenius proposed that acids were substances which,
when dissolved in water, produced a solution of hydrogen ions.
Conversely, bases were substances that produced solutions containing
hydroxide ions. In each case, the ions were considered to arise from
dissociation reactions of the parent acid or base. The Lowry-Bronsted
Theory In 1923, within several months of each other, Johannes Nicolaus
Brønsted (Denmark) and Thomas Martin Lowry (England) published
essentially the same theory about how acids and bases behave. Their
ideas, taken together, overcame many of the problems inherent in the
Arrhenius theory. Since they arrived at their conclusions independently of
each other, it has become usual to refer to them collectively as the
Lowrie-Bronsted theory of acid-base behavior. The Lowrie-Brønsted
theory is based on the idea that an acid base reaction involves a transfer of
protons from one substance to another. The acid is the proton donor and
the base is the proton acceptor (Hunter,1998:1-2)
All acids and bases are electrolytes, that is, they form ions when
dissolved in water. But, not all acids and bases form ions to the same
degree. Some acids ionize completely (100%) in solution; others ionize
only slightly. The same is true for bases; some ionize completely (100%),
some only slightly in water. Acids and bases that are completely ionized
in solution are called strong acids and strong bases; they are all strong
electrolytes. Those that ionize only slightly are called weak acids or weak
bases; they are weak electrolytes (Hendrickson,2005:398)

A measure of acidity because the concentrations of H1 and OH2

ions in aqueous solutions are frequently very small numbers and therefore
inconvenient to work with, Soren Sorensen† in 1909 proposed a more
practical measure called pH. The pH of a solution is defi ned as the
negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration (in mol/L):
pH = -log [H3O+] or pH = -log [H+]
Thus, like the equilibrium constant, the pH of a solution is a
dimensionless quantity. Because pH is simply a way to express hydrogen
ion concentration, acidic and basic solutions at 25°C can be distinguished
by their pH values, as follows:

Acidic solutions: [H+] > 1.0 x 10-7 M, pH < 7.00

Basic solutions: [H+] < 1.0 x 10-7 M, pH > 7.00
Neutral solutions: [H+] = 1.0 x 10-7 M, pH = 7.00
(Chang, 2010: 663)

Another acid-base theory is the Lewis acid-base theory. According

to this theory, a Lewis acid will accept a pair of electrons and a Lewis
base will donate a pair of electrons. In order to make it easier to see which
species is donating electrons, it is helpful to use Lewis structures for the
reactants and if possible for the products. The following is an example of
a Lewis acid-base reaction:
H+(aq) + :NH3(aq)  H - NH3
The hydrogen ion accepts the lone pair of electrons from the
ammonia to form the ammonium ion. The hydrogen ion, because it
accepts a pair of electrons, is the Lewis acid. The ammonia, because it
donates a pair of electrons, is the Lewis base. This reaction is also a
Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction. This illustrates that a substance may
be an acid or a base by more than one definetion. All Brønsted-Lowry
acids are Lewis acids, and all Brønsted-Lowry bases are Lewis bases.
(Moore, and Langley, 2007: 227)
Neutralization is a reaction between an acid and a base to produce
a salt and water. The of an acid that can be strong or weak and the of a
strong base combine to form water as one product. The salt is the cation
from the base and the anion from the acid.Suppose we need to find the
molarity of a solution of HCl, which has an unknown concentration. We
can do this by a laboratory procedure called titration in which we
neutralize an acid sample with a known amount of base. In a titration, we
place a measured volume of the acid in a flask and add a few drops of an
indicator such as phenolphthalein. In an acidic solution, phenolphthalein
is colorless. Then we fill a buret with a NaOH solution of known molarity
and carefully add NaOH solution to the acid in the flask.
In the titration, we neutralize the acid by adding a volume of base
that contains a matching number of moles of We know that neutralization
has taken place when the phenolphthalein in the solution changes from
colorless to pink. This is called the neutralization endpoint. From the
volume added and molarity of the NaOH solution, we can calculate the
 number of moles of NaOH and then the concentration of the acid.
(Timberlake, 2012: 305-306)

An acid-base neutralization technique has generated interest for

the ability to achieve an enhanced dissolution of pH-dependent weakly
basic or acidic poorly water-soluble drugs. However, the underlying
nanonization mechanism, following acid-base neutralization, requires
further elucidation. We hypothesized that the nanosuspensions (NSPs) via
nanonization of drug particles could be attributed to the “salt-induced
effect” and surfactant-driven micellization after acid-base neutralization.
Rebamipide (RBM) and valsartan (VAL) were chosen as model drugs
owing to poor water solubility and pH-dependent aqueous solubility (Van
Ngo et. al, 2020:2).

Titration simulation of AMD with a commonly used base,

portlandite or Ca(OH)2, is a useful application when planning a
neutralization plant to treat acid waters. Simulations for two different acid
mine waters show clearly that sulfuric acid, Fe(III), and Al not only play
the main role in buffering, but quantify the amount needed to neutralize
AMD. One example from Leviathan mine water data required more than
twice the amount of base than the other mine water from the Berkeley Pit
because of the substantial difference in acid, Fe, and Al concentrations.
Strong acid and Fe(III) buffering occurs in the pH range of 2.2–2.8 and Al
buffering occurs at a pH close to 4. In this study, a well-constrained
mixing phenomenon of two streams, one with AMD at a pH of 3.25 with
a clean tributary increased the pH to 4.90 by dilution and carbonate
buffering. This example is a field titration in a single mix. (Nordstorm,
2020:10)

D. APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS

1. Apparatus
a. Measure pipette 10 ML ( 1 piece )
b. Erlenmeyer flask 150 ML ( 1 piece )
c. Erlenmeyer flask 125 ML ( 1 piece )
d. Erlenmeyer flask 100 ML ( 1 piece )
e. Burette 50 ML ( 1piece )
f. Clamp stand ( 1 piece )
g. Clamp holder ( 1 piece )
h. Funnel ( 1 piece)
 i. Wash bottle ( 1 piece )
2. Chemicals
a. Hydrochloric acid ( HCL )
b. Sodium hydroxide ( NaOH)
c. Universal indicator
d. Phenophtalein
e. Aquadest ( H2O )
E. WORK PROCEDURES
1. Attach the burette to the clampand stand, then insert 0,2 M NaOH
2. Insert 0,1 M HCL solution into the erlenmeyer flask using a 10 ML
measure pipette
3. Measure the PH of the solution using universal indicator
4. Add 3 drops of phenolphtalein indicator
5. Add 1 ML of NaOH solution from the burette and measure the PH of the
titration at least twice

F.OBSERVATION RESULT
Titration of Hydrocloric Acid solution with sodium hydroxide solution.
 Ph of HCl before NaOH is added :1
 Ph of the solution when 1 Ml NaOH is added (1)
 Ph of the solution when it equivaline point (8)
 Ph of the solution when it puss equivaline point (11)

Burette 1st Titration 2nd Titration 3rd Titration

Reading
NaOH Final 7,6 ml 16,6 ml 24,9 ml
NaOH Initial 0 ml 7,6 ml 16,6 ml
Volume NaOH 7,6 ml 9,0 ml 8,3 ml

Average volume of NaOH = 8,3 ml

G. DATA ANALYSIS
1. HCl solution before addition of NaOH
Known = M HCl = 0,1 M
Asked = pH =…?
Resolved = [H+] = M.a
= 0,1 x 1
= 10-1
pH =-Log [H+]
=-Log 10-1
=1
2. HCl solution after addition of NaOH
Known = M HCl = 0.1 M
M NaOH = 0,2 M
V HCl = 10 ML
V NaOH = 1 ML
Asked = pH =…?
Resolved = Mol HCl = M HCl . V HCl
= 0,1 x 10
= 1 MMol = 1 x 10-3 Mol
Mol NaOH = M NaOH . V NaOH
= 0,2 x 1
= 0.2 MMol = 2 x 10-4 Mol
HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O
Before 1x10-3 2x10-4 - -

After -2x10-3 -2x10-4 2x10-4 2x10-4 +

8x10-4 - 2x10-4 2x10-4
M HCl leftover= n leftover
V total
= 8x10-4
1x10-3+1x10-2
= 7,273x10-2 M
So, PH =-Log 7,273x10-2
=-2 Log 7,273
= 1,14 (Acid)
3. Solutions pH when it reach equivalent
M1V1=M2V2
V2= M1V1
 M2
=10 ML x 0,1 MMol/ML
0,2 MMol/ML

Known = M HCl = 0.1 M

M NaOH = 0,2 M
V HCl = 10 ML
V NaOH = 5 ML
Asked = pH =…?
Resolved = n HCl = M HCl . V HCl
= 0,1 x 10
= 1 MMol
n NaOH = M NaOH . V NaOH
= 0,2 x 5
= 01 MMol
HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O
Before 1MMol 1MMol - -

After 1MMol 1MMol 1MMol 1MMol +

- - 1MMol 1MMol
M HCl leftover= n leftover
V total
= 8x10-4
1x10-3+1x10-2
= 7,273x10-2 M
So, PH =-Log 7,273x10-2
=-2 Log 7,273
= 1,14 (Acid)
kW =[H+].[OH-]
[H+] =10-14
√10-14
=

=10-7
Ph =-Log[H+]
 =-Log 10-7
=
7

Graphic of the titration

14

12

10

8 Theory
1st titration
6 2nd titration
3rd titration
4

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

H. DISCUSSION
A neutralization reaction is a reaction in which acids and bases react with
a solution to produce salt and water. The salt produced is neutral if it comes from
strong acids and strong bases. The purpose of the experiments that have been
done is to titration acid bases using indicators. This experiment conducted strong
acid titration and strong bases namely HCl solution 0.1 M and NaOH 0.2 M.
NaOH as titer is placed in burette and HCl as a substance to be titrated. The basic
principle of titration is to perform acid base titration using indicators. The
working principle of titration is the addition of setets after drop of acidic solution
to the base or vice versa counting on the known, which is known to be placed in a
burette and which is sought after the amount placed in the Erlenmeyer gourd. The
equivalence point is a state in which acids and bases are the same
stoichiometrically.
This experiment was conducted by filling the burette with a solution of
NaOH 0.2 M then using a measuring pipette of 10 ml inserted HCl as much as 10
ml into 3 pieces of Erlenmeyer squash. The phenolftalein indicator is added as
much as 3 drops which serves as a marker that the solution has changed from acid
to base because it has a pH tray of 8.3 - 10 so that it can raise the pH from acid to
base. Three experiments were conducted so that the results of the experiment
obtained could be more accurate.
This experiment was conducted by measuring pH first, i.e. the pH HCl
resulted in pH HCl = 1 done using universal indicators. This has been in
accordance with the theory of the addition of universal indicators as a
determination of the pH of the solution. After that, added indicator phenolftalein
peerk 3 drops then titrated NaOH as much as 1 ml and the pH solution is 1. The
results of this experiment are close to the theory that the pH of naoh titration
solution as much as 1 ml is 1.2 this difference is because in the universal
indicator only measures the pH of integers so that it cannot measure the pH of
decimal numbers. After that, it is titrated until it reaches the equivalent point
when the initially colorless solution begins to change color. pH titration at
titration 1, 2, 3 in a row is 7 with the addition of NaOH consecutive 7.5 ml, 7 ml,
7 ml, and dark pink. This has been in accordance with the theory that the
equivalent point is reached when the pH is equal to :
HCl + NaOH à NaCl + H2O

I. CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION

1. Conclusion
Acid-base titration is curried out with the addition of indicators namely
universal indicators and phenolphtalein indicators which function to measure
the pH solution and as a marker that the solution and as marker that the
solution has changed from acid to alkaline because it has a pH range of 8-11.
Where the addition of phenolphthalein indicator must match or equal to the
addition of all solutions in there will be errors or differences in pH differences
when measured using universal indicators.
2. Suggestion
Please carefully in using the solution in the laboratory and be carefull to
observe the NaOH in the burette. The guide need to be updated because a lot
of the content in it is different from what we have done in the laboratorium.
For example is the apparatus, and the work procedures is different.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hunter, Keith A., 1998, Acid-base Chemistry of Aquatic Systems, New Zealand.

Kirk Nordstrom, D. (2020). Geochemical modeling of iron and aluminum

precipitation during mixing and neutralization of acid mine drainage.
Minerals, 10(6), 547.

Henrickson, Charles. 2005. Chemistry. USA: Wiley Publishing Inc

Chang, Raymond. 2010. Chemistry 10th edition. New York: The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc

Moore, John T., and Langley, Richard H., 2007. Chemistry for the Utterly
CONFUSED. USA. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc

Timberlake, Karen C., 2012. Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and

Biological Chemistry. USA: Prentice Hall
Van Ngo, H., Park, C., Tran, T. T., & Lee, B. J. (2020). Mechanistic
understanding of salt-induced drug encapsulation in nanosuspension via
acid-base neutralization as a nanonization platform technology to enhance
dissolution rate of pH-dependent poorly water-soluble drugs. European
Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 154, 8-17.
 BIOGRAPHY
Ainun Febrianti, lahir di Barru, 13 Februari 2003.
Anak pertama dari tiga bersaudara pasangan dari Zainal
Amrin Nurdin dan St.Aminah.S. penulis menyelesaikan
pendidikan sekolah dasar di SD Impres Mattirowalie.
Penulis melanjutkan jenjang pendidikannya di SMPN 1
Barru pada tahun 2015 dan berhasil melewati jenjang ini
pada tahun 2018. Penulis kemudian melanjutkan
pendidikannya di SMAN 1 Barru. Berbagai pengalaman
yang dilakukan untuk melanjutkan pendidikan ke tingkat
yang lebih serius yaitu perguruan tinggi negeri. Saat
inilah yang menjadi moment yang banyak memantapkan
doa dan tawakkal. Akhirnya pada saat bulan maret 2021 penulis berhasil lulus
dalam jalur SNMPTN dan melanjutkan pendidikan di Universitas Negeri
Makassar Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Jurusan Pendidikan
Kimia ICP