3 Energy

Asst. Prof. Dr.
Korntip Tohsing
Nature of Energy
o Energy is all around you!
 You can hear energy as sound.
 You can see energy as light.
 And you can feel it as wind.
1
Nature of Energy
You use energy when you:
- hit a softball.
- lift your book bag.
- compress a spring.
2
Nature of Energy
Living organisms need

energy for growth and
movement.
3
Nature of Energy
Energy is involved when:
o a bird flies.
o a bomb explodes.
o rain falls from the sky.
o electricity flows in a wire.
4
What is Energy?
Energy is like water... It can be stored many different ways
Sometimes there’s more, sometimes there’s less...

5
What is Energy?
... it can be moved from one store to another
... but it is always water.
H₂O 6
What is Energy?
- Energy is the ability to do work.
- Energy is the ability to cause a change.
- Energy can change an object’s:

motion shape
temperature color.
- Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
- Unite of energy is Joule (J).
7
Various forms of Energy
stored energy - Form of energy which is less obvious.
- Stored and can be released by a

conversion process.
Forms of Energy
Working energy - Form of energy that involves

work being done.
- Effect of energy change can be seen.
8
Various forms of Energy
Kinetic energy
Heat energy
Electrical energy
Working energy
Sound energy
Forms of Energy
Light energy
stored energy
Potential energy
Nuclear energy
Chemical energy
9
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy (KE) : the energy of an object due to its motion.
All moving objects possess KE
A moving car
A rolling ball
KE depends on MASS and SPEED of moving object A spinning Ferris wheel
- Bigger MASS, greater KE

- Faster SPEED, greater KE
10
Potential energy
Potential energy (PE) : the energy stored by objects due to its position.
All objects above the ground have gravitational PE
Gravitational PE depends on MASS, Height or Position and

STRENGTH of gravitational Force of object
- Bigger MASS, greater PE
- Higher POSITION, more PE
- Greater STRENGTH, more PE
11
Potential energy
Potential energy (PE) : stored in objects which are compressed,
stretched or bent ELASTIC Potential Energy
A stretched rubber band
A stretched string of bow
A compressed string
12
Chemical energy
Chemical energy : stored in substances such as FOOD or FUELS
It is released and converted into other form

of energy when substances undergo
Chemical reactions.
Food
Firewood (fuel)
Candle (fuel)
13
Sound energy
Sound energy is produced by vibrating objects.
It can be transferred from one place to

another in the form of wave through a
medium such as gas, liquid or solid
Talking
Singing
Playing guitar
14
Heat energy
Heat energy is found in hot objects.
- The hotter the object, the more energy it can give out.
- Heat energy can increase object’s temperature.
- The Sun is our man source of heat energy.
Heat from the Sun Heat from a hair dryer Heat from burning wood
15
Light energy
Light energy : radiated by luminous object. It enables us to see.
Light from the Sun
Light from a burning match
Light from electric bulb

16
Electrical energy
Electrical energy : consists of electric charges, which travel through
electrical conductors. It is supplied in form of
electric power by generators, batteries, dry cells
and solar cells.
Car battery
(accumulator)
Generator
Solar cell
Dry cells
17
Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.
18
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is the energy possessed

by objects due to its position.
PE = mgh
19
Example 1
What is the gravitational potential energy of a 3 kg ball
kicked into the air at a height of 5 metres?
20
Example 2
If an airplane with a mass of 200 kg has gravitational
potential energy of 1000 kilojoules, what is its height?
20
Kinetic Energy (KE)
Kinetic Energy (KE) is the energy due to the motion.
𝟏
KE = 𝟐
𝐦𝐯 𝟐
21
Kinetic Energy (KE)
Example 3
What is the kinetic energy of a ball with a mass of 5 kg
rolling at 10 m/s?
22
Kinetic Energy (KE)
Example 4
What kinetic energy has a 4 kg shot put thrown with a
velocity of 5 m/s?
22
Energy changes
Law of conservation
of Energy
 Energy can change from one form into another.

 Energy cannot be destroyed or created.
Activity Observation Energy change

Clapping The sound of clapping is Kinetic energy  Sound
heard. energy
Lighting a bulb The bulb lights up and Chemical energy 

becomes hot Electrical energy  Light
energy + Heat energy
23
Energy changes
Activity Observation Energy change
Strom, Lightning , Thunder
The sky lights up and Electrical energy  Light

Sound of thunder is heard energy + sound energy
Camp fire
The woods burn up. Chemical energy 
Light energy + Heat energy
24
Change between PE and KE
Swinging pendulum
1. At position A : maximum amount of gravitational PE
2. From A to B : pendulum bob starts to

swing down, PE starts to
change to KE
A C
3. At position B : maximum KE
B
4. From B to C : KE changes back to PE
as pendulum bob swings
higher
5. At position C : maximum PE as it is in
A B C the highest point.
Total Mechanical Energy (TME) = KE + PE

25
Roller coaster
- A roller coaster is a
type of amusement ride
- It is a form of elevated railroad track designed with tight turns,

steep slopes and sometimes inversions
26
Roller coaster
A:
- PE = 0
- KE = 0
- At A , as a coaster car at the ground, it has no motion.
TME = PE = KE = 0
27
Roller coaster B:
- Maximum PE
- KE = 0
A:
- PE = 0
- KE = 0
- At B , as a coaster car at the top, it has maximum PE
PE = maximum, KE = 0
28
Roller coaster B:
- Maximum PE
- KE = 0
C:
- PE  KE
A:
- PE = 0
- KE = 0
- At C , as a coaster car loses height, it increases speed
PE is transferred to KE
29
Roller coaster B:
- Maximum PE
- KE = 0
C:
- PE  KE
D:
A: - KE = Maximum
- PE = 0 - PE = 0
- KE = 0
- At D , a roller car gets the highest speed
KE = Maximum, PE =0
30
Roller coaster
Total Mechanical Energy (TME) = KE + PE = constant
31
Design of roller coaster by your own
32

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Asst. Prof. Dr.

Living organisms need

Sometimes there’s more, sometimes there’s less...

... but it is always water.

- Energy is the ability to do work.

- Energy is the ability to cause a change.

- Energy can change an object’s:

- Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

- Unite of energy is Joule (J).

stored energy - Form of energy which is less obvious.

- Stored and can be released by a

Working energy - Form of energy that involves

- Effect of energy change can be seen.

KE depends on MASS and SPEED of moving object A spinning Ferris wheel

- Bigger MASS, greater KE

Gravitational PE depends on MASS, Height or Position and

A stretched rubber band

A stretched string of bow

It is released and converted into other form

It can be transferred from one place to

Light from the Sun

Light from a burning match

Light from electric bulb

Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is the energy possessed

Kinetic Energy (KE) is the energy due to the motion.

 Energy can change from one form into another.

Activity Observation Energy change

Lighting a bulb The bulb lights up and Chemical energy 

The sky lights up and Electrical energy  Light

2. From A to B : pendulum bob starts to

Total Mechanical Energy (TME) = KE + PE

- It is a form of elevated railroad track designed with tight turns,

- At A , as a coaster car at the ground, it has no motion.

- At B , as a coaster car at the top, it has maximum PE

- At C , as a coaster car loses height, it increases speed

- At D , a roller car gets the highest speed

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