GREEN GENERATOR: ADVANCING RECYCLABLE POWER FOR

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS

A Research Paper Presented to the

Senior High School Department
Tagum National Trade School
Apokon, Tagum City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

In Practical Research 2

Dongie Ana Marie A. Arapoc

Jerly Joy B. Baguio
Claire D. Carbonilla
Julia Marie A. Castañares
Francis Miguel Odilao
Kielle Q. Malanguiz
MM P. San Rojo
Fritz Kyle M. Torejos
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Project Context

According to CriticalPower.net (2023) Electrical generators are standalone

machines that provide electricity when power from the local grid is unavailable.
Industrial generators are often used to supply backup power to facilities, businesses,
or homes during power outages but they can also be used as a primary power
source in areas where a local electrical grid is unavailable or difficult to access such
as mining and farming operations or even new developments and construction.
According to Byjus.net (2023) Electric generators, also known as dynamos is an
electric machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electric
generator’s mechanical energy is usually provided by steam turbines, gas turbines,
and wind turbines. Electrical generators provide nearly all the power that is required
for electric power grids.

Despite Turkey being a developed nation according to the Human

Development Index (World Population Review, 2023), research on how to increase
the demand for recyclable products in the nation appears to be limited (Çetinkaya &
Özceylan,2017; Karaman, 2021; Bozpolat, 2021; Sarıo˘glu, 2022).To kick off
research on this topic, the following study examines Generation Z (Gen Z) attitudes
and intentions toward recycling. Gen Z consumers have been found to have better
levels of environmental consciousness and a more sophisticated understanding of
green consumerism than other generations (Choudhary, 2020), which led the current
study to focus on this generation.Turkey was placed 46th on the national air pollution
list in 2020, according to the World Air Pollution Report (IQAir, 2021). Additionally,
1.2 million tons of textile waste are produced annually (ITH 2022). To transform in
line with the European Green Deal by the year 2050, the Turkish government claims
to be acting (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Commerce, 2021). In addition, Turkey
ranks 5th in Europe and 12th globally for renewable energy (Karaarslan & Hançerli,
2023). The Zero Waste Project, which was established in 2017, aims to minimize
environmental pollution and promote the production of recyclable items. In 2022, the
nation finally started manufacturing its own electric vehicle, the TOGG (Yaprak,
2023)
 Electricity in developed countries is free-flowing and abundant, but there is a
struggle to find a reliable and consistent power source in developing countries. In the
Philippines, there is a struggle to provide the people there with sustainable
electricity, particularly in rural areas. Reliable energy sources are a constant problem
for those trying to live their daily lives and create a steady local economy (Thelwell,
2020) In this day and age, one would be amazed to see an entire town in the country
without electricity. Electricity remains a dream for Lanao del Norte town after more
than fifty years. Such a location can still be seen in ILIGAN, Philippines, a region
where the political dynasty of the Dimaporo family dominated for more than fifty
years. There are only a few solar-powered lights in the Nunungan town center, and
only a few families with small generators can afford to light up their homes at night
and enjoy the small luxury of a few appliances. Nunungan is the largest town in
Lanao del Norte in terms of land area, with a population of more than 18,500.
(Manos2022)

Power outages occasionally occurred in the middle of a lesson. Researchers

are conducting a study while paying attention to interruptions during class time in
order to address these temporary challenges in schools.

The urgency of developmental research into recyclable generators is

paramount in addressing the pressing environmental concerns associated with
energy generation. By creating generators that can be disassembled, components
reused, and materials recycled at the end of their life cycle, we can move towards a
more sustainable, environmentally responsible, and economically viable energy
generation system. This research is not just a call for environmental responsibility; it
is a strategic response to the pressing challenges of our time, one that will drive
innovation, reduce waste, and secure a sustainable energy landscape for
generations to come.

This research distinguishes itself by emphasizing the use of innovative

recyclable materials designed for green generators, prioritizing both environmental
sustainability and energy efficiency. Unlike other studies that mainly focus on
theoretical or traditional approaches to sustainable energy, this research uniquely
underscores the practical implementation and expandability of recyclable materials in
generator design and construction.
 Review of Related Literature

This section provides information to back-ups our study’s findings made by

different researchers.

A study in Vel University used a dynamo in generating energy from the

rotation of the wheel of a two-wheeler vehicle. Instead of using wind, the researchers
had the idea to use the motion of the wheels in generating electricity. The
researchers` goal was to store energy in a battery that could be used for further use
especially during the power cut periods or rural places where electricity is limited.
The study suggests that it is possible to generate electricity using a dynamo (Rubini
et al., 2017). In spain a study was also conducted developing electrical generators
using recycled materials for self consumption(Balbas et al.,2019)

Though a dynamo is an equipment that transforms kinetic energy to electrical

energy (Kumar Guduru & Suresh, 2015). They were the first electrical generators
capable of delivering power for industry,and the foundation upon which many other
later electric-power conversion devices were based, including the electric motor, the
alternating-current alternator and the rotary converter( guduru et al.,2018)A dynamo
is an electric generator that will be able to harness the rotary motion of the base of
the fan (kinetic energy) and convert it into electrical energy which can be used to
power small appliances such as mobile chargers via USB or can be stored in a
battery. (Barve, 2021) It provides an alternate approach to use dynamos for
electricity generation. A study was done to build a small wind propelled electricity
generator utilizing recyclable materials and everyday items like dynamos. The
researchers demonstrated successfully that a powerful wind-powered generator can
be built from inexpensive, readily available components, opening the door for a more
widespread use of this environmentally friendly technology. Such innovation has the
potential to significantly reduce our dependency on fossil fuels and mitigate the
negative effects of climate change. (Desalisa et al., 2022).
 In a study of CriticalPower.net company (2023) Electrical generators are
standalone machines that provide electricity when power from the local grid is
unavailable. Industrial generators are often used to supply backup power to facilities,
businesses, or homes during power outages but they can also be used as a primary
power source in areas where a local electrical grid is unavailable or difficult to access
such as mining and farming operations or even new developments and construction.
According to Byjus.net (2023) Electric generators, also known as dynamos is
an electric machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The
electric generator’s mechanical energy is usually provided by steam turbines, gas
turbines, and wind turbines. Electrical generators provide nearly all the power that is
required for electric power grids.

The use of generator energy is finally investigated as a potential remedy for

this (Strunik et al., 2020), as it can be used to lessen reliance on non-renewable
resources (Sahu & Raheman, 2020). Moreover, industrial units embracing eco-
friendly production methods exhibit higher production rates compared to traditional
counterparts, emphasizing the need to expand the presence of such environmentally
conscious and economically sustainable industrial units (Dwivedi et al., 2020).
Developed economies use waste-to-energy technologies to create a circular
economy. (Munir et al. 2021). Lately, researchers have concentrated on increasing
efficacy in power generation units for minimizing global warming. Integration of clean
and renewable energy frameworks can concurrently reduce environmental pollution,
enhance energy efficiency and reduce the total cost (Sharma et al. 2021)

Policies, strategies, and regulations have been amended across economic

and social sectors to enhance the capacity of all entities to promote environmental
sustainability. Similarly, the financial sector has actively implemented strategies to
combat pollution, encouraging renewable energy consumption during the pandemic
through green financing (Verma et al., 2021).Advanced production units that
generate no harmful waste materials are not just cost-effective but also contribute to
the growth and development of economic initiatives. Abundant biomass and
agricultural waste in developing countries like Pakistan can be harnessed for the
production of eco-friendly fuels and other innovative products, supporting the
country's infrastructure (Ehsanullah et al., 2021).
 According to Herez et al. (2018), one way that renewable energy sources help
the environment is by increasing power generation through the use of distributed
charging stations that are powered by renewable energy sources (Torreglosa et al.,
2016). More and more homeowners are installing small-scale distributed renewable
energy power production systems including solar power and wind energy due to
rising public awareness of environmental protection and improving ongoing
government assistance (Zatsarinnaya et al., 2020; Sun et al., 2020).(Song JZ et al.,
2022), A novel concept in the field of economics has been introduced. This theory
proposes the inclusion of a new element called "social organizational capital"
alongside the traditional economic factors like labor, land, and capital. Within the
context of the green economy, social organizational capital is highlighted as a crucial
component for achieving sustainable economic development. This perspective
moves beyond the historical heavy reliance on physical capital in economic models
and underscores the significance of non-material resources in achieving a
harmonious balance between material and non-material aspects.

Additionally, one of the best options for long-term energy security may be the
production of power using renewable energy sources that are connected to a smart
grid system. A smart network system overcomes resource limitations, increases the
effectiveness of electricity distribution, and uses contemporary information
technology for communication. However, it is expected that this renewable energy
will also be produced at the household or individual level, as well as at the industrial
level (such as by a sizable state or private corporation) (Strielkowski et al., 2019).

Studies in the pertinent literature reveal that consumer behavior has not yet
been fully understood, despite the fact that nations and businesses recognize the
significance of changes in consumer behavior in the policies they will develop.
Regarding the elements that influence consumer behavior and the potential effects
of modifying these factors, no firm conclusion has been reached (Rhein and Schmid,
2020).

The manufacture and consumption of green products can be a solution to the

problems that the increased usage of non-green products is causing in the world's
environment (Beaumont et al., 2019).The development of low-carbon economy,
promote green development, based on the theory of sustainable development, is an
important idea and solution to solve the global climate problem, it is different from the
traditional mode of economic development model (Meng et al., 2020).

In contemporary times, businesses and factories must prioritize investment in

strategies to combat environmental crises. Consequently, governments globally are
integrating new policies to promote the development of a green economy. This
approach emphasizes the utilization of renewable energy resources, including fossil
fuels and biodegradable materials like plastic and paper (Sardianou & Kostakis,
2020) (Asbahi et al., 2019; Shair et al., 2021). Consequently, investing in renewable
energy resources plays a crucial role in preserving the environment during these
challenging times (Hager & Hamagami, 2020; Nawaz, Seshadri, et al., 2021).
Furthermore, the recycling processes for different plastic scraps may differ due to the
different in the resin characteristics (Rick Leblanc 2020). Additional recycling
processes for different types of plastic scraps may increase the costs of the recycled
plastics which increases the difficulty for the manufacturer to accept recycled plastics
materials in production (Rick Leblanc 2020). Further studies are important to study
the recycling processes for different plastic scraps.However, the studies were
beyond the scope of this paper.

Green jobs are at the heart of sustainable development and key to addressing
global challenges such as environmental protection, economic development
andsocial inclusion (Wang et al., 2022)It is imperative to implement innovative
measures to maximize the usage of biomass for fertilizers and ignition materials,
ensuring minimal harm to the environment. Furthermore, the by-products from these
biodegradable materials are eco-friendly and can be economically recycled using
uncomplicated machinery.(Herez et al., 2018),

More and more homeowners are installing small-scale distributed renewable

energy power production systems including solar power and wind energy due to
rising public awareness of environmental protection and improving ongoing
government assistance (Zatsarinnaya et al., 2020; Sun et al., 2020). Therefore, it is
widely anticipated that this technology would experience rapid expansion in future
markets with various forms of distributed generation (Wang et al., 2020).

Additionally, one of the best options for long-term energy security may be the
production of power using renewable energy sources that are connected to a smart
grid system. A smart network system overcomes resource limitations, increases the
effectiveness of electricity distribution, and uses contemporary information
technology for communication. However, it is expected that this renewable energy
will also be produced at the household or individual level, as well as at the industrial
level (such as by a sizable state or private corporation) (Strielkowski et al., 2019).

For disposal, e-waste is typically abandoned and transferred from rich nations to
underdeveloped nations on the Asian continent. (Li & Achal, 2020) Using recyclable
materials and common items in making a small-scale wind powered electricity
generator is a good source of electricity for emergencies and to those who do not
have access to electricity,By testing at different speeds at equal distances, the
device was successful at creating the necessary current to start charging the power
bank. With the results observed from the device, it was able to serve its purpose to
give a sustainable and practical source of electricity.(Desalisa et al.,2022)

Jingjing Zhao (2018) gave an overview of approaches for improving the

performance of micro magnetic generators, such as rotating magnetic generators,
vibration magnetic generators, and hybrid magnetic generators. Because of
scientific and technological advancements, the demand for tiny, extremely reliable,
and long-lasting energy sources has undoubtedly increased in recent years.
Environmental energy is transformed to electric energy using micro magnetic
generator systems, which have advantages such as high reliability, high power
density, long life, and some applicability in difficult situations. Wearable gadgets,
wireless sensor networks, and micro electromagnetic systems can all benefit from
it.A micro-magnetic generator solves issues with miniaturization, rapid assembly,
and reduced resistance. For micro generators, design theory and methodology
should be improved, as well as manufacturing and assembly methods appropriate
for producing an understudy.

The generation, collection and processing of waste, and its emission to water,
soil and air affect the health of the environmental and public in various ways (Saeidi
et al., 2021)Waste management in an environmentally and economically with social
acceptability leads to waste management sustainably (Rosdin et al., 2021)

Solar energy's uses are only constrained by human ingenuity, according to

Rahman (2018), who also concluded that solar powered electrical generation relies
on heat engines and photovoltaic. A partial list of solar applications includes space
heating and cooling through solar architecture, potable water through distillation and
disinfection, day lighting, solar hot water, solar cooking, and high temperature
process heat for industrial purposes. A building's orientation toward the Sun, the use
of materials with favorable thermal mass or light-diffusing properties, and the
creation of naturally ventilated spaces are all examples of passive solar techniques.

The financial sector of developed nations has replaced their antiquated financial
planning with fresh, creative, and green economic and financial development
initiatives. The Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3 R)approach is the foundation for the
recently developed green economy-related businesses. According to Jahid et al.
(2020), the green economy approach is practical, user-friendly, and adaptable.

The innovative strategy of the green economy is founded on the observation

that the ecological crisis has significantly changed over the past few years. The
world has completely changed as a result of issues with global warming and ozone
depletion. Population pressure and the expansion of factories have also altered the
atmosphere. Environmental harmony and ecological well-being have been upset. It
is urgent that the green economy and related businesses make an honest effort
(Muller & de Klerk, 2020).

One of the main focuses of the program for green economic development is
green financing. Investments in environmentally and socially responsible projects are
referred to as "green financing" and can be made by both private and public sector
businesses. Energy resources are a vital component of business organizations,
including those in the manufacturing, transportation, mining, and tourism industries,
among other sectors. The green financing facility encourages investment in the
acquisition or development of environmentally friendly resources in business
organizations. Both renewable and nonrenewable energy sources are possible
(Zeidan, 2020).

Green credit is an investment made in a particular interest rate for green

business projects. To support the green economy, developed nations have
developed and organized infrastructures (Mengyao, 2020).Initiatives related to green
credit are crucial for Pakistan's economy to become established and stable. The use
of recyclable materials and eco-friendly biofuels is crucial for the expansion of the
economy (Chien, Ajaz, et al., 2021; Mohsin et al., 2021). Pakistan's prosperity will
benefit from greencredit investment options (Pan et al., 2020). Fossil fuels and the
use of biodegradable materials like paper and plastic are both part of the green
economy's foundational energy sources (Sardianou & Kostakis, 2020).As a result,
spending on renewable energy sources benefits the during the pandemic in
challenging conditions (Hager & Hamagami, Nawaz, Seshadri, et al., 2020; 2021)