New Era University – Gensan Branch

Academic Year 2021-2022

Mathematics 9– Fourth Quarter

Module 1

Name: Lorene Vinesse L. Polestico Grade 9- Peter

Teacher: Virgie B. Flaviano

MODULE 1 – SIMILARITY

In this module, the learner will examine similar figure by knowing the concepts regarding similarity
specifically in different types of triangles. Also, the learner will study and apply the similarity test and
Pythagorean Theorem.

Introduction/Overview

        Can we measure tall structures to obtain lengths without using measurements? How can we reduced or
enlarge sizes of objects? How can architects and engineers show their projects before they are built?

       These concepts of similarity in Geometry will help us answer problems related to measurements.

 Learning Competencies

At the end of this module, the students should be able to:

1. solve problems involving ratio,
2. examine whether two triangles are similar,
3. apply the four similarity tests to determine whether to determine whether two or more triangles are similar,
4. recognize and apply Pythagorean Theorem; and
5. use Pythagorean Theorem to calculate the length of one side of a right triangle.

Lesson 1 - Concept of Ratio

The ratio is used to compare two or more quantities of the same kind which are measured in the same unit. 
When we compare two quantities by division, we are finding their ratio.
Given two numbers a and b such that b ≠ 0, a ratio of a to b is the quotient a divided by b. This can be written
in four ways:

 Example # 1 - Problem involving Ratio

 There are 17 boys and 19 girls in a class. Find the ratio of

 (i) the number of boys to the number of girls,

 (ii) the number of girls to the number of boys.

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Solution:

     (i) Ratio of the number of boys to the number of girls = 17:19

     (ii) Ratio of the number of girls to the number of boys = 19:17
       
Example # 2 - Simplifying Ratios
Simplify each of the following.
       a. 600g : 1.6kg

        Solution:

         600g: 1.6kg = 600g : 1600g ( convert to the same unit)

                               =  3  : 8 ( divide both parts by 200)

             Alternatively, 
                  600g : 1.6kg = 600g : 1600g ( convert to the same unit)
                                        =  3 : 8 ( divide both parts by 200)

                   therefore, 600g : 1.6kg = 3 : 8

Example # 3 - Expressing Ratios as Fractions

                Given that 4x : 9 = 7 : 3, calculate the value of x. 

      

Example # 4 - Problem Involving Ratios of Two Quantities

               The ratio of the number of female participants to the number of male participants at a webinar is 4 : 9.
If there are 30  
              more male participants than female participants, calculate the total number of people who attended
the webinar.
              Solution:
                       Let the number of female participants = 4x
                       Then the number of male participants = 9x 

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From the model, we form the equation:
                                              9X - 4X = 30
                                                       5X =  30
                             X=6
                        The total number of people who attended the party = (4 + 9) x 6
                                                                                                                          = 13 x 6
                                                                                                                          = 78

Example # 5 -  Ratios Involving Three Quantities

                        If x = 18, y = 27 and z = 54, then x : y : Z = 18 : 27 : 54 = 2 : 3 : 6
                  Solution:
                        From the above, we can deduce that   x : y = 2 : 3, : z = 3 : 6 = 1 : 2, x : z = 2 :
6 = 1 : 3.
            Note: The ratio of three quantities can be simplified by multiplying or dividing each term by the same
constant but it cannot be written as a fraction.

Lesson 2 - Similar Figures

This figure shows three cups which look alike but are of different sizes.

This figure shows the projection of a photograph on a screen using a visualizer.

Two figures are similar if they have exactly the same shape but not necessarily the same size.

If two polygons are similar, then

 all the corresponding angles are equal, and 

 all the ratios of all the corresponding sides are equal.

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Similar Triangles
Example # 1 - Identifying Similar Triangles
            Is ΔABC similar to ΔPQR?

    Solution:
  a. <A = 1800 - 700 - 490 (<sum of ΔABC)
            = 610
      <R = 1800 - 610 - 700 (<sum of ΔPQR)
            = 490
       <A = <P = 610
       <B = <Q = 700
       <C = <R = 490
         Since All the corresponding angles are equal, ΔABC similar to ΔPQR.

 Since not all the ratios of the corresponding sides are equal, 
      the ΔDEF is not similar to ΔSTU.

Lesson 3 - Similarity Tests

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 I. SSS Similarity Test       

II. SAS Similarity Test

1.

2.

S= 12/16 = 3/4

A = ∠s = ∠ x = 900

S = 15/20 = 3/4
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III. AAA Similarity Test

Solution:
   <G = 1800 - (1020 + 300)           <M = 1800 - (1020 + 480)   
   <G = 480                                       <M =300

IV. RHS Similarity Test

Solution:

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 Supplemental Activity

1-8. Choose the letter of the correct answer for each of the following statement. Write your answer in
the space provided.

a. 14 : 25                               e. 96
b. 25 : 39                              f. 25 : 40 : 44    
c. 30 : 7                                 g. 8 : 5  
d. 16 : 36 : 15                        h. 10 : 11  

a. 14 : 25 1. There are 14 boys and 25 girls in a school Badminton Team. Find the ratio of the number of boys
to the number of girls.

b.25 : 39 2. There are 14 boys and 25 girls in a school Badminton Team. Find the ratio of the number of girls to
the

total number of players in a team.

c. 30 : 7 3. Simplify: 1.5kg : 350g   ( 1000g = 1kg)

g. 8 : 5 4. Simplify: 2/3 : 3/2} : 5/8

e. 96 5. Given that x : 400 = 6 : 25. Find the value of x.

h. 10 : 11 6. Given that a : b : c = 75 : 120 : 132 Simplify    a : b : c 

f. 25 : 40 : 44 7. Given that a : b : c = 75 : 120 : 132

d.16 : 36 : 15 8. Given that a : b : c = 75 : 120 : 13. Simplify    b : c 

No 9. Determine whether each pair of triangle is similar. Write Yes or No.

Is △ ABC similar to △ PQR ?

No 10. Determine whether each pair of triangle is similar. Write Yes or No.

Is △ DEF similar to △STU?

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No 11. Determine whether each pair of triangle is similar. Write Yes or No.
Is △ABC similar to △TUS?

12-15. Identify the Similarity Tests that describe the following pairs of similar triangles.

a. AA Similarity Test
b. SSS Similarity Test
c. ASA Similarity Test
d. RHS Similarity Test

12. a. AA Similarity Test

13. b. SSS Similarity Test

14. c. ASA Similarity Test

15. d. RHS Similarity Test

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Lesson 4 - Pythagorean Theorem

Pythagoras of Samos (582 – 500 BCE) was an ancient Greek Mathematician who founded a school in Croton
Southern Italy. He is credited with many discoveries including the triangle sum theorem, harmonic ratios, and
most famously the Pythagorean Theorem. The Babylonians, not Pythagoras, were the first to use the ideas
written in the Pythagorean Theorem but Pythagoras was the first to fully write out the theorem stating the
relationship between the sides of a right triangle. 

The Pythagorean Theorem is stated as follows:

The square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides.

7.1. Examples

Formula:

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7.2. More Examples
Illustrate the following, then solve for the unknown.

1. In ΔΔ ABC, AC = 6cm, BC = 8cm and <C = 900. Find the length of AB.

2. In ΔΔ PQR, PQ = 20m, QR = 16m and <R = 900. Find the length of PR.

Assessment
Direction: Read the following questions and write your answer in the space provided.

___c__1. What is the longest side in a right triangle?

a. Base
b. Leg
c. Hypotenuse
d. None of these

___c__2. What type of a triangle is applicable in Pythagorean Theorem?

a. Acute Triangle
b. Obtuse Triangle
c. Right Triangle
d. All of these

___c__3. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, what is the missing dimension of a right
triangle.  a = 30 , b = ?, c = 50
a. 50
b. 46
c. 40
d. 38

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__a___4. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, what is the missing dimension of a right
triangle.  a = 3 , b = 4, c = ?
a. 5

b. 15

c. 2

d. 11

___c__5. How long is the hypotenuse if the two legs of a right triangle are 3 inches and 4
inches long?
a. 3.5 inches
b. 4 inches
c. 5 inches

d. 6 inches

___b__6. What is the measure of the other leg of a right triangle if the hypotenuse and
one of the legs are 17 and 15 respectively?
a. 3

b. 8

c. 9

d. 5

___FALSE__7. TRUE OR FALSE. In the figure below, the value of the hypotenuse is 19.

___d__8. What is the missing side if △ ABC is a right triangle?

a. 21 b. 11 c. 31 d. 41

___a__9. Is the redline a leg or hypotenuse?

a. Leg b. Hypotenuse c. Altitude

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___a___10. Is the redline a leg or hypotenuse?

a. Leg b. Hypotenuse c. Altitude

______ 11-12. In △ ABC , AB = 8cm, BC = 15cm and <B = 900 . Find the length
of AC. 
Solution:

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__TRUE____13. TRUE or FALSE. The hypotenuse is always directly opposite the right angle.
__TRUE____14. TRUE or FALSE . The hypotenuse is always directly opposite the right
angle.
__FALSE____15. The hypotenuse could be the shortest side of a right triangle.
__FALSE____16. The hypotenuse could be the shortest side of a right triangle.
______17-18. A △DEF  is a right -angled at E, with DE = 6.7m and EF = 5.5m.
Find the length of DF.

Solution:

______19-20. Given the figure below, find the length of QS. Round off your answer to
the nearest Tenths value.

Solution:

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______21-22. Given the figure below, find the length of SR. Round off your answer to the nearest Tenths
value.

Solution:

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