1

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Technology dependence, defined as a condition

where a human can’t work a certain activity without a

use of some device”. This kind of condition mostly

affect students; Modern technology is a tool that

students can use to make life easier. However,

technology has led to some students not developing

their own thinking and opinions as it is always spoon-

feeding them information. Also, online interactions

have stripped them of communication.

Pinto & Leite (2020), the objective of

encouraging students' active involvement and

engagement in the acquisition both inside and beyond

the classroom walls, the overall influence of

technology apply on students' learning process and

outcomes shown to be favorable. What's more, Devices

in the classroom is crucial for boosting student

engagement and giving teachers the tools, they need to

design creative in- and outside-of-class learning

activities.

Spoon-feeding in education can be defined as

the process of teachers directly telling students

everything they need to know about the requirements

of a specific task, thus requiring little

independent thought on their part (Smith, 2008).

The researcher uses descriptive method.

Descriptive method is on purpose on describing

systematically a situation or area of interest

factually and accurately. Descriptive research is used

to describe characteristic of a population or

phenomenon being studied.

The researcher conducts this study to determine

the importance of technology to the students learning

engagement. Exposing in technology to learn to adapt

and develop active participation in order to pass.

Statement of the Problem

This research study will be conducted to

determine the Technology dependence and Its Effect on

learning engagement of every PHS grade 11 students,

and to distinguish the engagement of this system form

other learning modalities. This study explores

accessibility and resource issues for students’

blended learning during the pandemic. The research

should also reveal the different experience of learner

about the blended learning.

This research will specifically answer the following

questions:

1.What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

A.sex

B.Owned gadget

C.Access in internet connection

2.What is the Level of agreement of the respondent of

the technology dependence questionnaire?

3.What is the level of learning engagement of the

respondents during face to face class?

Hypothesis

There is no signifance relationship between technology

dependence and the learning engagement of the students

Conceptual Framework

Technology Learning
dependence engagement
.
Figure 1. conceptual framework

Figure 1 presents the conceptual framework of the

study. It consists of two variables, technology

dependence variable and learning engagement as the

independent variable.

In figure 1, technology as independent variable

gives students access to a wealth of online materials,

which motivates them to conduct research and so develop

greater independence. Making things easier to

understand, for instance through an instructional

video, simplifies learning as well. It is critical to

acknowledge that there are many different learning

styles and that standard schooling might not be able

to accommodate them all.

Another variable, learning engagement students in

the learning process improves the concentration and

focus and encourages them to use more sophisticated

critical thinking. Increased chances for student

engagement result from instructors that use a student-

centered approach to instruction, which ultimately

helps everyone more successfully complete the course's

learning objectives.

Scope and Delimitation

The study concerned on the Technology Dependence

and Its Effect on the Learning Engagement of the

respondents. The total number of respondents is

depending on availability of grade 12 ABM student in

PHS. The research is conducted in Parang, Marikina.

The researcher use questionnaire as a survey and

reference to gather data. Percentage formula, mean of

the average formula and likert scale are the

statistical tools that the researcher will use.

Significance of the study

The findings of this study will redound to the

benefit of school setting or possibly to society as a

whole considering that technology and education plays

an important role nowadays. Thus, schools that apply

the recommended approach derived from the results of

this study will be able to teach students better.

Teachers will be guided on what should be emphasized

by the study in the school curriculum to improve

student's learning engagement and performance. For the

researchers, the study will help them uncover critical

areas in the technology dependence and its

relationship in learning engagement of the students.

Thus, a new theory on learning process might be arrive

at.

Definition of terms

Technology dependence - Defined as a condition where a

human can’t work a certain activity without a use of
some device

Modern technology - Is a tool that students can use to

make life easier

Learning engagement - Is the ability to motivationally

and behaviorally engage in an effective learning procecss
Spoon-feeding - In education can be defined as the
process of teachers directly telling students everything
they need to know about the requirements of a specific
task, thus requiring little independent thought on their
part (Smith, 2008)

Self-efficacy - Refers to an individual’s belief in his

or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to
producee specific performance attainments.

Technology-based - Relating to the practical use of

technology in business and industry

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Carstens et al., (2021) as technology

evolves constantly, classrooms must adapt by adding

additional technology and integrating it into student

instruction. Technology has the potential to both

enhance student learning and harm the educational

process. Technology improves many learning

possibilities and provides comfort for students, but

it may also be a tool that is overused, which may have

negative effects on students' ability to develop their

fine motor skills and problem-solving abilities. In

this study, K–12 teachers were questioned to gain their

opinions on how technology affects the classroom. This

study contributed to our understanding of how

technology affects student learning.

The results indicated that greater training for

educators is required in order to improve the use of

technology in the classroom. In addition, it was

discovered that students' internet access had a

favorable impact on them academic achievement. The

many ways that children use the internet, however, have

no bearing on how well they perform academically.

According to the study's findings, not all pupils have

rapid access to the various internet resources that

are available to them. This is significant since one

of the most effective ways to boost academic

achievement in schools is to provide internet

infrastructure (Yebowaah,F., 2018). What's more, the

study conducted by Seo et al., (2016) using a phone

excessively predicted attention adversely and

depression favorably, which in turn affected social

interactions with friends and academic achievement.

The effects of mobile phone dependency on social and

academic behaviors in adolescents were examined, as

well as the mediating roles of attention, depression,

and relationships with friends. Mobile phone

dependency negatively predicted attention and

positively predicted depression. Mobile phone

dependency affected social relationships with friends

and academic achievement. As mentioned by Wekerle et

al., (2022) students were more motivated to

participate in effective, as well as more passive and

active, activities when technology were employed in

the classroom as opposed to when they weren't. Besides,

in accord with Francis (2017) the certain application

of technology in the Institution encourages students

to learn. In contrast, with Kearny & Maakrun (2020)

Due to the numerous diversions, it was also possible

to conclude that technology was leading to unengaged

for students’ engagement in learning. Furthermore, the

findings of Turel & Dokomaci (2022) Showed that

students' academic achievement deteriorated as media

and technology use increased. Additionally, this

association was arbitrated by the behavior of academic

procrastination. Meaning to say, the use of media and

technology of adolescents negatively impacts their

academic performance by academic procrastination. To

illustrate, mobile devices, which were once seen as a

godsend for increasing student involvement and

immersion in learning, also have a negative side.

Overuse of technology frequently results in health

problems, mental disorders, and distractions from

academic work (Sharma, S., 2021) On the basis of Kim

et al., (2020), the academic usage of mobile phones

effects students' higher-order thinking skills

directly, in addition to their learning strive and

active participation in courses. Mobile phones offer

educational opportunities that can promote students'

advancement in higher education. Equally important,

Himmelsbach, V. (2022), claimed that, Devices in the

classroom is crucial for boosting student engagement

and giving teachers the tools, they need to design

creative inland outside-of-class learning activities.

Emphatically, as stated by D'Angelo, (2018), the

education system and labor force evolve to grow more

technology inclusive, it’s important for scholars to

keep up with ultramodern digital trends while still

acquiring a deep understanding of course content.

applying technology into the class provides educators

with an inestimable occasion to enhance pupil

engagement and academic success. scholars are capable

to band with colleagues using online platforms,

discover innovation through technology elements,

engage in advanced order thinking processes, partake

in inquiry- grounded literacy, synthesize facts from

numerous sources and establish an online virtual

community. Moreover, Friedman (2022) stated that

highlighted benefits like increased levels of

engagement and additionally, there are drawbacks

including greater security and cheating. The data

shows that there is a constant need to adopt and use

technology in schools, and that these efforts should

be closely monitored in order to keep tabs on things

like program costs and teacher and student training on

how to use various technologies. Technology is

continuously improved and taken into account Explained

by Pinto & Leite (2020), the objective of encouraging

students' active involvement and engagement in the

acquisition both inside and beyond the classroom

walls, the overall influence of technology apply on

students' learning process and outcomes shown to be

favorable. What's more, Devices in the classroom is

crucial for boosting student engagement and giving

teachers the tools, they need to design creative in-

and outside-of-class learning activities. Evidently

The study of Owusu-Agyeman et al., (2021) showed that

technology self-efficacy strengthens 1) the positive

relationship between the online learning environment

and student engagement; and 2) the positive

relationship between instructional resources and

student engagement. This study looked at the

moderating effect of technology self-efficacy on the

relationship between online learning and student

engagement in a higher education setting. Second, the

findings showed that student engagement is positively

and significantly impacted by the kind of device they

utilize in an online learning environment. Online

learning environment. Contrarily, the results of the

current study indicate that while age and academic

discipline have negligible effects on student

involvement in the context of online learning, gender

has a negative but significant impact on that factor.

Without a doubt that technology-based education had a

considerable impact on students' performance.

Additionally, it was discovered that the effectiveness

of technology-based teaching is highly impacted by its

perceived usefulness and convenience of use, (Murad et

al., 2019). Also, with education technology, scholars

can access online information more simple technology

and accessibility of digital accoutrements is an

advanced literacy proceeding Technology is playing an

adding part at all places of schooling, from

fundamental academy to advanced education.

Technology grandly improves and facilitates the

transfer of knowledge, (Allison 2022). Lastly, as

stated by Yeung, et al., (2021), technology is neither

good nor bad for learning when used essentially as a

means of giving out data (e.g., material read on a

computer screen vs.in print), yet can be useful when

it incorporates unique benefits that harness valuable

learning principles.
 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research design

This study will employ non-experimental

Research design, in specific, descriptive, correlation

and survey to evaluate and determine the association

of technology dependence on respondent's learning

engagement, in the study of Dr. YP Aggarwal (2008, as

cited in Salaria, 2012) Descriptive research Focuses

on acquiring data on current circumstance or condition

in order to describe and interpret them, with the help

of current information and experties, correlational

Research design can be utilized to identify patterns

and links between variables as well as to for see

Future events (Curtis et al. 2016) Lastly, stated by

Avedian (2014). A survey is a methodical way to collect

data from (sample of) entities in order to create

quantitative descriptors of the characteristic of the

larger population that the entities belong to surveys

are undertaken to acquire data that represent the

sentiment of the population. things like attitudes and

beliefs that are difficult to directly observe.

Population and sampling

The population of the study are enrolled Grade 11

ABM senior high school students of Parang high school

in Marikina city. The Researcher will employ

probability sampling technique particularly Stratified

sampling to obtain a sample population that best

represents the entire population being studied.

According to the Economic Times (2022) stratified

sampling is a technique whereby the sampling procedure

is completed by dividing the entire population into

smaller groups or strata. The population data's common

traits serve as the foundation for the stratum. The

researcher stratifies the population and then draws a

proportionate sample at random.

Data analysis

This investigation on “Technology dependence and

students learning engagement in relation to

educational performance Grade 11 ABM students in

Parang High School S.Y 2022-2023” This study will

employ or utilize parametric procedures. The data mean

and frequency gathered are used to determine the

descriptive statistics. It will use a Pearson's r

statistical tool to determine the possible

relationship between the two variables.Furthermore, a

spreadsheet will analyze the data gathered through

Microsoft Excel.

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