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Use “Chat” for suggestions and feedback

Prepare and send us your questions
during the meeting using the “Q&A”
feature

Program

Replay available
for 7 days
after each session PDF Presentation
(EN, DE, FR, US) available for
download 24 hr
before each session
(every Thursday)

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GET YOUR
10% PYRAMID RIGHT!
CHEMICALS
pH & DESINFECTION

10%
MAINTENANCE
CHEMICALS
FIRST

20%
FRESH WATER

60%
FILTRATION, FLOCCULATION,
BACKWASHING, HYDRAULICS FILTRATION &
HYDRAULICS
FIRST 5

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®
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IFU: Instruction for use page 15

AFM® is used with activated carbon in combination with chlorine or

other oxidising agents. The filter bed will usually be Grade 1 AFM®
with a 50mm to a maximum of 100mm layer of activated carbon. It is
very important not to use any more than 100mm of activated carbon,
to prevent the carbon from becoming a biofilter. A small amount of
activated carbon works well as a catalyst, but any more than 100mm
could start to cause issues resulting from biofouling of the carbon.
The mechanism by which chloramines are catalytically oxidised by
activated carbon in the presence of chlorine are as follows:
Stage 2a NH2Cl + H2O + C* → NH3 + CO* + H+ + Cl–
Stage 2b 2NH2Cl + CO* → N2(g) + C* + H2O + 2H+ + 2Cl–
The end products will be nitrogen gas, hydrochloric acid and water as
well as carbon dioxide with organic matter.

Dryden Aqua

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Bed expansion during backwash

Because it has a lower density than

Bed expansion (%)

sand, expansion of the carbon layer
may be as much as 50%.
GAC must be soaked (put in water) for 24
hours before backwashing.
We recommend water wash only – no air
wash

Backwash velocity (m/h)

Water
temperature

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Vertical filters Vertical filters

with laterals with nozzle plate

Horizontal
filters

ØM
Poor Better Best

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PROPER PROPER & UNIFORM BACKWASH

IMPROPER “DEAD ZONES” NEVER
PROPERLY BACKWASHED
DESIGN DESIGN

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PROPER IMPROPER “DEAD ZONES” NEVER

PROPERLY BACKWASHED
DESIGN DESIGN

What happens in the filter?

IDEALLY USE A SIGHTGLASS

TO CONTROL BED
EXPANSION

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Good quality filters have good internal hydraulics

Blue filter, good hydraulics, good performance

Red filter, poor hydraulics, poor performance
Would you have seen it without a sightglass??

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PROPER PROPER WATER DISTRIBUTION IMPROPER IMPROPER WATER DISTRIBUTION

NO LOSS OF FILTER SURFACE
DESIGN DESIGN LOSS OF FILTER SURFACE

FLOWRATE: 36m3/h Paying for a ⌀ 1260mm filter

DIAMETER ⌀ 1260 mm but getting a ⌀ 1000mm filter!!
FILT SURF 1,2 m2
FLOWRATE: 36m3/h
VELOCITY: 30 m/h REAL DIAMETER ⌀ 1000 mm
FILT SURF 0,8 m2
Works as expected
VELOCITY: 45 m/h

The system does not work as

expected

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PROPER EQUAL WATER DISTRIBUTION IMPROPER “DEAD ZONES” NEVER

PROPER & UNIFORM BACKWASH PROPERLY BACKWASHED
DESIGN DESIGN
ØM

ØM

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FOR WATER TO BE EVENLY

DISTRIBUTED OVER THE FILTER
MEDIA: Go for well-designed top
diffusers with large internal piping

Filter bed depth may range

from 300mm to 3000mm,
if the filter complies to
German DIN, it will have a
bed depth from 1200mm
to 1400mm

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V: Filtration & Backwash velocity : measured in m/h (m3/h/m2)

F: Filter surface area = (Radius x Radius x 3.14): m2 Recommended filtration speed : 15 - 30 m/h
Q: Flowrate: m3/h Recommended Backwash speed
Sand : 60 m/h
1. Filtration speed m/h (m3/h/m2): Q/F=V AFM : > 40 m/h
ex. 10m3/h / 0.3m2 = 33m/h

2. Flowrate m3/h : V*F=Q Use a VS Pump

ex. 33m/h * 0.3m2 = 10m3/h

3. Filter surface area (m2): Q/V=F

ex. 10m3/h / 30m/h = 0.33m2 Use a Flowmeter

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Flowrate m3/h / Filter surface (m2) = Filtration speed (m/h)

50m/h +50 - 200€
33m/h
Example : 50 m3 private pool
Turnover rate : 5 hours
=> Flowrate : 10 m3/h

Which filter diameter ?

Ex. 10m3/h / 0.2m2 = 50m/h – Filter d520mm – 650€ / 848€
Ex. 10m3/h / 0.3m2 = 33m/h – Filter d640mm – 808€ / 987€
Ex. 10m3/h / 0.4m2 = 25m/h – Filter d720mm – 1195€ / 1164€

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15m/h 30m/h 40 to 50m/h

Know the flow!
Set your VS pump the right way

 Perfect filtration & backwash

 Best water & air quality
 Reduced Energy, chemical and water
consumption!
 Everything under control!

Night Day Backwash

+
1 2 3
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Filtration
performance in
removal of 5μ
particles at
different filtration
velocities

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The minimum backwash velocity

should expand the bed by 15%.

Minimum => 15%

Best (recommended) => 25%

With Sand
You need a velocity of 50 - 60 m/h:
Duration: 5 – 6 minutes

With AFM® :
You need a velocity of > 40 m/h:
Duration: 3 - 5 minutes
Approx. 50% less backwash water is needed

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Backwash at 60 m/h (=> 1 min = 1m)

For 2 meters => 2 minutes
Example public filter
Backwash at 50 m/h (=> 1 min = 0.83m) Distance between nozzle plate
For 2 meters => 2,4 minutes and diffuser => 2 meters
Backwash at 40 m/h (=> 1 min = 0.65m)
For 2 meters => 3 minutes

2 METERS
Backwash at 30 m/h (=> 1 min = 0.5m)
For 2 meters => 4 minutes

We need the speed to expand the filter bed

but we also want the particles to get out of the filter!!

Example
At 60m/h => 2 minutes to get to the top + 50% to remove particles out => 3 minutes
At 30m/h => 4 minutes to get to the top + 50% to remove particles out => 6 minutes

=> same amount of backwash water used

=> Better results with 60m/h => higher speed is better to remove heavy particles out of the filter

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Material removed in backwash does How a backwash should look like

not have to be oxidised:

No chemical demand

No disinfection by-products

Poor backwash
Biofouling
Clogging
Channeling
More chemicals
More DBP’s
…

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• The backwash velocity also

depends on the particle shape &
size distribution, uniformity
coefficient and density of the
media

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High installation flexibility:

Can be fitted directly on the
filter or mounted on a wall
(90° rotating connections)

Very safe to operate:

The valve returns automatically
to “Filtration mode” in case of
electrical failure.

Fast switchover: The filtration

pump does not have to be
stopped during the
switchover.

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Low pressure drop: Offers higher Example Filter ≈ Ø800mm

backwash velocity & efficiency than Filter surface : 0.50 m2
traditional 6-way valves. Backwash velocity : 50m/h
Backwash flowrate : 25m3/h

2” 6-way valve (2”)

0.25 bar
Backwash 25m3/h
2”

Backwash 25m3/h
0.6 bar

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With the 1.2m∅ Chinese filter in the picture:

- pipe connection ∅ are DN50 (63mm)
- Backwash velocity 45m/h => flowrate 50m3/h
- pipe velocity at 50m3/hr is 7m/s!!
- Too small diameter =>Too high resistance
….backwash is impossible!

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