Explicit-STR - 14.0 - L06 - Material Models
Explicit-STR - 14.0 - L06 - Material Models
Explicit-STR - 14.0 - L06 - Material Models
6
Material Models
Introduction to ANSYS
Explicit STR
1 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Material Behavior Under Dynamic Loading
In general, materials have a complex response to dynamic loading
The following phenomena may need to be modelled
• Non‐linear pressure response
• Strain hardening
• Strain rate hardening
• Thermal softening
• Compaction (porous materials)
• Orthotropic behavior (e.g. composites)
• Crushing damage (e.g. ceramics, glass, geological materials, concrete)
• Chemical energy deposition (e.g. explosives)
• Tensile failure
• Phase changes (solid‐liquid‐gas)
No single material model incorporates all of these effects
Engineering Data offers a selection of models from which you can choose based on
the material(s) present in your simulation
2 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Modeling Provided By Engineering Data
3 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Material Deformation
Material deformation can be split into two independent parts
• Volumetric Response ‐ changes in volume (pressure)
– Equation of state (EOS)
• Deviatoric Response ‐ changes in shape
– Strength model
Also, it is often necessary to specify a Failure model as materials can only
sustain limited amount of stress / deformation before they break /
crack / cavitate (fluids).
Change in Change in
Volume Shape
4 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Principal Stresses
A stress state in 3D can be described by a tensor with six stress components
• Components depend on the orientation of the coordinate system used.
The stress tensor itself is a physical quantity
• Independent of the coordinate system used
When the coordinate system is chosen to coincide with the eigenvectors of the
stress tensor, the stress tensor is represented by a diagonal matrix
where σ1, σ2 , and σ3, are the principal stresses (eigenvalues).
The principal stresses may be combined to form the first, second and third
stress invariants, respectively.
Because of its simplicity, working and thinking in the principal coordinate system
is often used in the formulation of material models.
5 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Elastic Response
• For linear elasticity, stresses are given by Hooke’s law :
where and G are the Lame constants (G is also known as the Shear Modulus)
• Then :
6 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Non‐linear Response
• Many applications involve stresses considerably beyond the elastic limit
and so require more complex material models
Equation of State
Strength Model
7 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Models Available for Explicit Dynamics
AUTODYN
Equation of State
Strength Model
Failure Model
8 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Elastic Constants
9 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Physical and Thermal Properties
Density
• All material must have a valid density defined for
Explicit Dynamics simulations.
• The density property defines the initial Mass /
unit volume of a material at time zero
– This property is automatically included in all models
Specific Heat
• This is required to calculate the temperature
used in material models that include thermal
softening
– This property is automatically included in thermal
softening models
10 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Linear Elastic
Isotropic Elasticity
• Used to define linear elastic material behavior
– suitable for most materials subjected to low
compressions.
• Properties defined
– Young’s Modulus (E)
– Poisson’s Ratio (ν)
• From the defined properties, Bulk modulus and Shear
modulus are derived for use in the material solutions.
• Temperature dependence of the linear elastic
properties is not available for explicit dynamics
11 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Linear Elastic
Orthotropic Elasticity
• Used to define linear orthotropic elastic material
behavior
– suitable for most orthotropic materials subjected to
low compressions.
• Properties defined
– Young’s Modulii (Ex, Ey, Ez)
– Poisson’s Ratios (νxy, νyz, νxz)
– Shear Modulii (Gxy, Gyz, Gxz)
• Temperature dependence of the properties is not
available for explicit dynamics
12 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Linear Elastic
Viscoelastic
• Viscoelastic behavior is introduced via an Instantaneous
Shear Modulus, G0 and a Viscoelastic Decay Constant β.
13 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Linear Elastic
Viscoelastic
= Constant = Constant
Stress Strain
Time
Time
Stress Relaxation Creep
14 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Hyperelastic
Several forms of strain energy potential (Ψ) are
provided for the simulation of nearly
incompressible hyperelastic materials.
Forms are generally applicable over different ranges of
strain.
6.00
Mooney-Rivlin
Arruda-Boyce
4.00 Ogden
Eng. Stress (MPa)
Treloar Experiments
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Eng. Strain
Need to verify the applicability of the model chosen
prior to use.
Currently hyperelastic materials may only be used for
solid elements
15 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Hyperelastic
Examples of Hyperelasticity
16 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Plasticity
If a material is loaded elastically and subsequently unloaded, all the distortion energy is recovered
and the material reverts to its initial configuration.
If the distortion is too great a material will reach its elastic limit and begin to distort plastically.
In Explicit Dynamics, plastic deformation is computed by reference to the Von Mises yield criterion
(also known as Prandtl–Reuss yield criterion) . This states that the local yield condition is
where Y is the yield stress in simple tension. It can be also written as
or
(since )
Thus the onset of yielding (plastic flow), is purely a function of the deviatoric stresses (distortion)
and does not depend upon the value of the local hydrostatic pressure unless the yield stress
itself is a function of pressure (as is the case for some of the strength models).
17 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Plasticity
If an incremental change in the stresses violates
the Von Mises criterion then each of the
principal stress deviators must be adjusted
such that the criterion is satisfied.
If a new stress state n + 1 is calculated from a
state n and found to fall outside the yield
surface, it is brought back to the yield
surface along a line normal to the yield
surface by multiplying each of the stress
deviators by the factor
By adjusting the stresses perpendicular to the
yield circle only the plastic components of
the stresses are affected.
Effects such as work hardening, strain rate
hardening, thermal softening, e.t.c. can be
considered by making Y a dynamic function
of these
18 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Plasticity
Bilinear Isotropic / Kinematic Hardening
• Used to define the yield stress (Y) as a linear function of plastic
strain, εp
• Properties defined
– Yield Strength (Y0)
– Tangent Modulus (A)
• Isotropic Hardening
– Total stress range is twice the maximum yield stress, Y
• Kinematic Hardening
– Total stress range is twice the starting yield stress, Y0
– Models Bauschinger effect
– Often required to accurately predict response of thin structure (shells)
19 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Plasticity
Isotropic vs Kinematic Hardening
σ2 σ2
Current Yield surface
σ1 σ1
20 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Plasticity
Multilinear Isotropic / Kinematic Hardening
• Used to define the yield stress (Y) as a piecewise
linear function of plastic strain, εp
• Properties defined
– Up to ten stress‐strain pairs
• Isotropic Hardening
– Total stress range is twice the maximum yield
stress, Y
• Kinematic Hardening
– Total stress range is twice the starting yield stress,
Y0
– Can only be used with solid elements
21 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Plasticity
Johnson Cook Strength
• Used to model materials, typically metals, subjected to
large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures.
– Defines the yield stress, Y, as a function of strain, strain
rate and temperature
εp = effective plastic strain
εp* = normalized effective plastic strain rate (1.0 sec‐1)
TH = homologous temperature = (T - Troom) / (Tmelt - Troom)
• The plastic flow algorithm used with this model has an
option to reduce high frequency oscillations that are
sometimes observed in the yield surface under high strain
rates. A first order rate correction is applied by default.
• A specific heat capacity must also be defined to enable the
calculation of temperature for thermal softening effects
22 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Plasticity
Effects of Strain Hardening (Johnson-Cook Model)
Hypervelocity Impact
• Johnson-Cook strength
model used to model effects
of strain hardening, strain-
rate hardening and thermal
softening including melting
23 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Plasticity
Cowper Symonds Strength
• Used to define the yield strength of isotropic strain
hardening, strain rate dependant materials.
– Hardening term is same as that used in the Johnson Cook Model
– Strain rate dependent term has different form
– No thermal softening term
• The plastic flow algorithm used with this model has an
option to reduce high frequency oscillations that are
sometimes observed in the yield surface under high strain
rates. A first order rate correction is applied by default.
• Strain rate properties should be input assuming that the
units of strain rate are 1/second.
24 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Plasticity
Steinberg Guinan Strength
• Computes the shear modulus and yield strength as functions of effective
plastic strain, pressure and internal energy (temperature)
• Fits experimental data on shock‐induced free surface velocities
• Yield Stress and Shear modulus increase with increasing pressure and
decreases with increasing temperature
• Yield stress reaches a maximum value which is subsequently strain rate
independent
ε = effective plastic strain
t = temperature (degrees K)
η = compression = v0 / v
Primed parameters (with subscripts P and τ) are derivatives
with respect to pressure and temperature
• Constants for 14 metals in the Explicit Materials library
25 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Plasticity
Zerilli Armstrong Strength
• Used to model materials subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high
temperatures.
• Based on dislocation dynamics.
– Applicable to a wide range of bcc (body centered cubic) and fcc (face centered cubic) metals.
bcc
fcc
• A specific heat capacity must also be defined
to enable the calculation of temperature for
thermal softening effects
26 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Brittle / Granular
Drucker‐Prager Strength
• Yield stress is a function of Pressure
• Used for dry soils, rocks, concrete and ceramics where
cohesion and compaction cause increasing resistance
to shear up to a limiting value of the yield stress.
• Three forms
– Linear
• Original Drucker‐Prager model
– Stassi
• Constructed from yield strengths
in uniaxial compression and tension
– Piecewise
• Yield stress is a piecewise linear
function of pressure
27 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Brittle / Granular
Johnson‐Holmquist Strength
• Use to model brittle materials (glass, ceramics)
subjected to large pressures, shear strain and high
strain rates
• Combined plasticity and damage model
• Yielding is based on micro‐crack growth instead of
dislocation movement (metallic plasticity)
• Fully cracked material still retains some strength in
compression due to frictional effects in crushed
grains
• Yield reduced from intact value to fractured value
via a Damage function
• Damage accumulates due to effective plastic strain
28 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Brittle / Granular
Johnson‐Holmquist Strength Continuous (JH2)
• Strength is modeled as smoothly varying functions of intact
strength, fractured strength, strain rate and damage via
dimensionless analytic functions
• Damage is accumulated as ratio of incremental plastic strain
over a pressure‐dependant fracture strain
• Two methods for application of damage
– Gradual (default)
• Damage is incrementally applied as it accumulates
– Instantaneous
• Damage accumulates over time, but is only applied to
failure when it reaches 1.0
• Can be used with a Linear or Polynomial Equation of State
29 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Brittle / Granular
Johnson‐Holmquist Strength Segmented (JH1)
• Strength is modeled using piecewise linear segments
• Damage is always applied instantaneously
• Damage accumulates over time, but is only applied to
failure when it reaches 1.0
• Can be used with a Linear or Polynomial Equation of State
• The gradual softening in the more recent continuous model
(JH2) has not been supported by experimental data, so this
earlier variant is still commonly used
30 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Brittle / Granular
• Johnson-Holmquist Strength Segmented
31 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Brittle / Granular
RHT Concrete Strength
• Advanced plasticity model for brittle materials developed by Riedel, Hiermaier and
Thoma at the Ernst Mach Institute (EMI)
• Models dynamic loading of concrete and other brittle materials such as rock and
ceramic.
• Combined plasticity and shear damage model in which the deviatoric stress in the
material is limited by a generalised failure surface of the form:
• Represents the following response of geological materials
– Pressure hardening
– Strain hardening
– Strain rate hardening in tension and compression
– Third invariant dependence for compressive and tensile meridians
– Strain softening (shear induced damage)
– Coupling of damage due to porous collapse
Input can be scaled with compressive strength, fc
• Data for 35MPa and 140MPa in the Explicit Materials library
32 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Brittle / Granular
• RHT Concrete Strength
– Examples
– In addition to pressure hardening, the model also represents density hardening and
variations in the shear modulus with density.
• Yield stress has two components, one dependent on the density and one
dependent of the pressure
• The un‐load / re‐load slope is defined by the shear modulus which is defined
as a function of the density of the material at zero pressure
• The yield stress is defined by a yield stress – pressure and a yield stress –
density curve with up to 10 points in each curve.
• The shear modulus is defined by a shear modulus – density curve with up to
10 points.
– All three curves must be defined.
34 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Equation of State
Ideal Gas EOS
• Energy dependant EOS
P 1 e
= adiabatic exponent
= density,
e = specific internal energy
• Adiabatic Constant, C
– Enter non‐zero value to calculate adiabatic response
P/ρ = C
• Pressure shift
– Lets you subtract atmospheric pressure
35 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Equation of State
Equation of State Properties
• Bulk Modulus
– A bulk modulus can be used to define a linear, energy
independent equation of state
• Combined with a Shear modulus property, this material
definition is equivalent to using an Isotropic Linear
Elastic, model
• Shear Modulus
– A shear modulus must be used when a solid or porous
equation of state are selected.
• To represent fluids, specify a small value.
36 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Equation Of State
Mei‐Gruneisen form of Equation of State
• Covers entire (p,v=1/ρ,e) space using a 1st order Taylor expansion from a reference
curve
• Reference Curves
– The shock Hugoniot
– A standard adiabat
– The 0° K isotherm
– The isobar p = 0
– The curve e = 0
– The saturation curve
37 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Equation of State
Polynomial EOS
• A Mie‐Gruneisen form of equation of state that expresses pressure
as a polynomial function of compression (density)
μ > 0 (compression):
μ < 0 (tension):
• Commonly found in early papers
– Shock EOS is more commonly used today
38 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Equation of State
Shock EOS
– The Rankine‐Hugoniot equations for the shock jump conditions defining a
relation between any pair of the variables ρ (density), p (pressure), e
(energy), up (particle velocity) and Us (shock velocity).
• Us ‐ up space is used to define the Hugoniot
– In many dynamic experiments, measuring up and Us, it has been found that
for most solids and many liquids over a wide range of pressure there is an
empirical linear relationship between these two variables:
Us = C1 + S1up
• Gruneisen Coefficient, , is often approximated using
= 2s1 ‐ 1
39 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Equation of State
Shock EOS Linear
• Lets you define a linear or a quadratic relationship
Us = C1 + S1Up
Us = C1 + S1Up + S2Up2
Shock EOS Bilinear
• Lets you define a bilinear relationship
40 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
High Explosives
Detonation process
• Burn on time
– Initiation points
• Burn on compression
– Not recommended
• Insufficient physics
• Use ignition and growth model instead
Expansion of detonation products (gases)
• JWL Equation of State (Jones, Wilkins, Lee)
41 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
High Explosives ‐ Detonation
Burn on Time
• Detonation is initiated at a node (user defined)
Detonation Fronts
• Detonation front propagates at the Detonation
Velocity, D T2
T1
• Cell begins to burn at time T1
Cell
• Burning is complete at time T2
S1
• Chemical energy is released linearly from T1 to T2
– Burn fraction increases from 0.0 to 1.0 over this S2
time
= ‐T1, T<T1
T1 = S1 / D
= Burn fraction, T>T1
T2 = S2 / D
42 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
High Explosives ‐ Detonation
Burn on Time
• Direct Path detonation
– Detonation paths are computed by calculating a straight line from the detonation node
to each cell center (not necessarily through explosive regions)
43 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
High Explosives ‐ Equation of State
Explosive JWL
• Used to model the rapid expansion of high explosive
detonation products (gases)
• The JWL EOS is empirical and the data required is derived
from fitting numerical experiments to physical
experiments
• Data for a wide range of high explosives is available
• The pressure for the expanding gas is given by
log p
R R
1 2
P A1 e
B1 e
e
R1 R2
Examples
• Foam
• Powders
• Concrete
• Soils
Porous materials are extremely effective in attenuating
shocks and mitigating impact pressures.
• Compact to solid density at relatively low stress levels
• Volume change is large
• Significant amount of energy is irreversibly absorbed
Four models are available in Explicit Dynamics
45 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Porosity
Crushable Foam
• Relatively simple strength model designed to represent the crush
characteristics of foam materials under impact loading conditions
(non‐cyclic loading).
• Must be used with Isotropic Elasticity
– automatically included
• Compaction curve is defined as a piecewise linear principal stress vs
volumetric strain curve.
• Young’s Modulus, E, is used for unloading / re‐loading
• Maximum Tensile Stress provides a tension cutoff
46 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Porosity
Compaction EOS Linear
• Plastic compaction path is defined as a piecewise linear
function of Pressure vs Density
• The elastic unloading / reloading path is defined via a
piecewise linear function of Sound Speed vs Density
– The Bulk Modulus of the material is calculated from
• Model can be combined with a variety of strength and
failure models
47 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Porosity
Compaction EOS Non‐Linear
• Plastic compaction path is defined as a piecewise linear
function of Pressure vs Density
• Elastic unloading / reloading path is defined via a piecewise
linear function of Bulk Modulus vs Density
• For Non‐Linear unloading, if the current pressure is less than
the current compaction pressure, the pressure is obtained
from the bulk modulus using:
48 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Porosity
P‐alpha EOS
• Crushable Foam and Compaction EOS give good results for low stress levels and
for materials with low initial porosities, but they may not do well for highly
porous materials over a wide stress range
• Herrmann’s P‐ alpha EOS is a phenomenological model which gives the correct
behavior at high stresses but at the same time provides a reasonably detailed
description of the compaction process at low stress levels.
• Principal assumption is that specific internal energy is the same for a porous
material as for the same material at solid density at identical conditions of
pressure and temperature.
– Solid EOS
(Shock or Polynomial)
– Porous EOS
α = g (p,e) (fitted to experimental data)
49 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Material failure has two components
• Failure initiation
– When specified criteria are met within a material, a post
failure response is activated
• Post failure response
– After failure initiation, subsequent strength characteristics
will change depending on the type of failure model
• Instantaneous Failure
– Deviatoric stresses are immediately set to zero and remain
so
– Only compressive pressures are supported
• Gradual Failure (Damage)
– Stresses are limited by a damage evolution law
– Gradual reduction in capability to carry deviatoric and / or
tensile stresses
50 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Plastic Strain Failure
• Models ductile failure
• Failure occurs if the Effective Plastic Strain in the material
exceeds the Maximum Equivalent Plastic Strain
– Material fails instantaneously
• This failure model must be used in conjunction with a
plasticity or brittle strength model
51 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Principal Stress / Strain Failure
• Models brittle failure or ductile failure (Strain only)
• Failure is based on one of two criteria
– Maximum Tensile Stress / Principal Strain
– Maximum Shear Stress / Shear Strain
• from the maximum difference in the principal stresses / strains
• Failure is initiated when either criteria is met
– Material fails instantaneously
• If used in conjunction with a plasticity model, deactivate Maximum
Shear Stress / Strain criteria
– specify a value of +1.0e20
– then shear response is handled by the plasticity model.
• Crack Softening Failure can be combined with these model for fracture
energy based softening
52 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Stochastic Failure
• Real materials have inherent microscopic flaws, which cause failures
and cracking to initiate. Stochastic Failure reproduces this numerically
by randomizing the Failure stress or strain of a material
– Can be used with most other failure models
• Mott distribution is used to define the variance in failure stress or
strain.
– Stochastic Variance must be specified
• Distribution Type
– Fixed
• The same random distribution is used for each Solve
– Random
• A new distribution is calculated for each Solve
53 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Stochastic Failure
• Example: Fragmenting Ring
54 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Tensile Pressure Failure
• Used to represent dynamic spall (or cavitation)
• Tensile pressure is limited by
If the pressure (P) becomes less than the Maximum Tensile
Pressure (Pmin), failure occurs
– Material instantaneously fails.
• If Material also uses damage evolution, the Maximum Tensile
Pressure is scaled down as the damage, D, increases from 0.0
to 1.0
• Can only be applied to solid bodies.
• Can be combined with Crack Softening Failure to invoke
fracture energy based softening
55 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Tensile Pressure Failure
• Example: Dynamic Spall
56 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Crack Softening Failure
• Fracture energy based damage model providing a gradual reduction in the
ability of an element to carry tensile stress
– Primarily used to investigate failure of brittle materials
– Applied to other materials to reduce mesh dependency
– Failure initiation based on any of the standard tensile failure
models
• On failure initiation, a linear softening slope is used to reduce the maximum
possible principal tensile stress in the material as a function of crack strain
– Softening slope is defined as a function of the local cell size and
the Fracture Energy Gf
• Fracture energy related to fracture toughness: Kf2 = EGf
• After failure initiation, a maximum principal tensile stress failure surface is
defined to limit the maximum principal tensile stress in the cell and a Flow
Rule is used to return to this surface and accumulate the crack strain
• Can only be used with Solid elements
• Can be used in combination with any solid equation of state, plasticity model
or brittle strength model
57 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Example : Impact on Ceramic Target
• 1449m/s impact of a 6.35mm diameter steel ball on a
ceramic target
• Johnson‐Holmquist Strength model used in conjunction
with Crack Softening
Simulation
Experiment (Hazell)
58 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Johnson Cook Failure
• Used to model ductile failure of materials experiencing large
pressures, strain rates and temperatures.
• Consists of three independent terms that define the dynamic
fracture strain (εf) as a function of pressure, strain rate and
temperature:
• Can only be applied to solid bodies.
59 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Failure
Grady Spall Failure
• Used to model dynamic spallation of metals under shock loading.
• Critical spall stress for a ductile material is calculated using:
is the density
c is the bulk sound speed
Y is the yield stress
c is a Critical Strain Value
• If maximum principal tensile stress exceeds the critical spall stress
(S), instantaneous failure of the element is initiated.
• Typical value for the Critical Strain is 0.15 for Aluminum.
• Can only be applied to solid bodies.
• Must be used in conjunction with a Plasticity model
60 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Composites
Data Integration with ACP
ACP: Built upon a documented Workbench SDK, EVEN has
developed addins to introduce ACP as a component
system inside Workbench
Typical Workbench system: file management and
standard actions like Update, Duplicate
Consume materials from Engineering Data
61 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
ACP Workflow Example
Insertion into
schematic flow Explicit * Implicit
(Autodyn) (MAPDL)
Parameter Support
62 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Composite Example
CFRP Baseball bat with spiral CRFP reinforcement
63 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012
Workshop 6 – 1D Shock Propagation
Goal:
Simulate the propagation of a 1‐D shock wave
Procedure:
Restore the Explicit Dynamics (ANSYS) Project “Shock_1D”
Review the predefined loading and boundary conditions
Set‐up the postprocessing result items and run the simulation
Review the Result Tracker, Probe, and Profile Path results
Walkthrough
64 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 8, 2012