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    Acids Based

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    Angeline Taghap
    The document discusses acid-base balance and imbalances in the human body. It describes that acids donate hydrogen ions while bases accept hydrogen ions to maintain pH. The body uses several buffer systems, including bicarbonate-carbonic acid, phosphate, and proteins, to regulate pH. Respiratory and renal systems also help buffer acids and bases. Arterial blood gas analysis assesses pH, PCO2, and HCO3 levels to classify acid-base disturbances as respiratory or metabolic and determine the degree of compensation.

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    Acids Based

    Uploaded by

    Angeline Taghap
    29 views5 pages
    The document discusses acid-base balance and imbalances in the human body. It describes that acids donate hydrogen ions while bases accept hydrogen ions to maintain pH. The body uses several buffer systems, including bicarbonate-carbonic acid, phosphate, and proteins, to regulate pH. Respiratory and renal systems also help buffer acids and bases. Arterial blood gas analysis assesses pH, PCO2, and HCO3 levels to classify acid-base disturbances as respiratory or metabolic and determine the degree of compensation.

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    acid-based notes

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    ACIDS BASED

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    The document discusses acid-base balance and imbalances in the human body. It describes that acids donate hydrogen ions while bases accept hydrogen ions to maintain pH. The body uses several buffer systems, including bicarbonate-carbonic acid, phosphate, and proteins, to regulate pH. Respiratory and renal systems also help buffer acids and bases. Arterial blood gas analysis assesses pH, PCO2, and HCO3 levels to classify acid-base disturbances as respiratory or metabolic and determine the degree of compensation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views5 pages

    Acids Based

    Uploaded by

    Angeline Taghap
    The document discusses acid-base balance and imbalances in the human body. It describes that acids donate hydrogen ions while bases accept hydrogen ions to maintain pH. The body uses several buffer systems, including bicarbonate-carbonic acid, phosphate, and proteins, to regulate pH. Respiratory and renal systems also help buffer acids and bases. Arterial blood gas analysis assesses pH, PCO2, and HCO3 levels to classify acid-base disturbances as respiratory or metabolic and determine the degree of compensation.

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    ACID BASE BALANCE AND IMBALANCES

    SEMI FINAL TRANS


    ACIDS  HCO3(bicarbonate) and H2CO3
     “H+” ion donors (carbonic acid) combine w/ HCl=
    2 Forms: decrease the strength of potentially
    1. Volatile-excreted as gas damaging acids & bases
    CO2+ H2O H2CO3(carbonic acid) b. Phosphate buffer system
    e.g., PC02= 35-45 mmHg  Increased amount of NaHCO3(sodium
    -indicates CO2levels in blood & reflects bicarbonate) in the ECF making it more
    ventilation alkaline
    2. Nonvolatile-excreted as body fluids (urine) c. Protein buffer
    e.g., sulfuric acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid  Hgb–a major protein buffer w/c
    maintains pH in the blood
    BASES
     “H+” ion acceptors Respiratory Buffers
     Substances that bind with H+ when dissolved in  The lungs regulate blood levels of CO2
    H2O  CO2= H2O = H2CO3(carbonic acid)
    E.g.,  Increased H2CO3decreased pH (more
    Strong bases Weak bases H+)
    Na OH (sodium Al OH (aluminum Note: 2ndline of defense; twice as effective but only
    hydroxide) hydroxide) temporary
    hyperventilation - more CO2 is excreted = less CO2 left
    NH3 (ammonia) HCO3 (bicarbonate) in the body ==> alkalosis
    Normal: HCO3= 22-26 hypoventilation - less CO2 is excreted = more CO2 left
    mEq/L in the body ==> acidosis

    Renal Buffer
     Kidneys conserve circulating stores of HCO3and
    PH
    to excrete H+
     The negative logarithm of the H+ion
     Effective yet relatively slow (hours to days)
    concentration
     Increase urinary excretion of H+ & conserving
     Increased pH: Decreased H+ ions
    plasma HCO3- if blood is too acidic
     Decreased pH: Increased H+ ions
     Decrease urinary excretion of H+ & urinary
     expresses the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
    excretion of HCO3- if blood is too alkaline
     Normal = 7.35 –7.45
     Decreased: Acidic
    ABG ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
     Increased: Alkaline
    1. Classify pH whether normal, acidosis, alkalosis
     7.35-7.45-normal
    Buffer systems
     < 7.35-acidosis
     systems comprised of substances/ organs
     >7.45-alkalosis
    capable of binding (removing) H+ ion from body
    2. Assess PCO2, whether normal, acidosis,
    fluids or releasing H+ quickly to prevent major
    alkalosis
    changes in pH.
    • 35-45 normal
     Important regulator of pH
    • <35 mmHg alkalosis
    • >45 mmHg acidosis
    Chemical Buffers
    3. Assess HCO3, whether normal, acidosis,
    a. Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer
    alkalosis
     major extracellular buffer system
     22-26 normal
    ACID BASE BALANCE AND IMBALANCES
    SEMI FINAL TRANS
     <22 mEq/L-acidosis
     >26 mEq/L-alkalosis
    4. Determine the primary problem.
    • If PCO2 has the same interpretation as the
    pH, then it’s a respiratory disorder
    • If HCO3 has the same interpretation as the
    pH, then it’s a metabolic disorder
    5. Determine the presence of compensation by
    checking the value not the same as the pH
     Partially compensated-If either PCO2or
    HCO3has the opposite interpretation with
    pH and pH is abnormal
     Fully compensated-If either PCO2or
    HCO3has the opposite interpretation with
    pH and the pH is normal
     Uncompensated-if either PCO2or HCO3is
    normal and pH is not normal
    ACID BASE BALANCE AND IMBALANCES
    SEMI FINAL TRANS
    ACID BASE BALANCE AND IMBALANCES
    SEMI FINAL TRANS
    ACID BASE BALANCE AND IMBALANCES
    SEMI FINAL TRANS

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