1

Department of Education
National Capital Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

ENGLISH
First Quarter-Module 2
Graphic Organizers as Textual Aids

Writer: Cyril P. Santos

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Arneil A. Pagatpatan

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 Good day Grade 10 learners! In this lesson, you are going to learn how to:

Determine
You the effect the
have understood of textual aids
topic of thislike advance
module organizers,
if you titles, non-
can already:
linear illustrations, etc. on the understanding of a text
1. identify common examples and uses of graphic organizers;
2. explain how graphic organizers can help readers in understanding texts;
3. make use of appropriate graphic organizers in presenting information
from texts read.

What I Know
Answer the questions below. Select your answers from the choices given. Write
the letter of your choice.
1. Which is NOT a common example of a graphic organizer?
A. Venn diagram C. network tree
B. bar graph D. process chart

2. How does a Venn Diagram help the readers?

A Venn diagram…
A. makes an essay more appealing.
B. shows similarities and differences between two ideas.
C. gives the meaning of unfamiliar words in a paragraph
D. presents the relationship between ideas

3. A fishbone graphic organizer is used to… Which completes the statement?

A. show the steps in a process
B. classify a paragraph into main ideas and examples
C. present causes of an event or action
D. express similarities and differences between two concepts

4. You read a paragraph about the different ways lack of sleep is harmful to
humans. What graphic organizer is best to use if you want to present the
details of this paragraph in a different way?
A. cause-effect chart C. Venn diagram
B. problem-solution chart D. network tree

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 5. Read the short paragraph below. What graphic organizer is best to use if you
want to present the ideas in the paragraph in a different way?

Acids and bases are two special kinds of chemicals. Scientists use a pH
scale to measure how acidic or basic a liquid is. pH is a number from 0 to 14.
From 0 to 7 are acids, with 0 being the strongest. From 7 to 14 are bases with
14 being the strongest base. Acids are described as sour, while bases are often
bitter. If a liquid has a pH of 7, it's neutral. This would be something like
distilled water. Acids and bases also have differences when it comes to taste:
acids are typically sour while bases are commonly bitter. Acids and bases are
both found in nature, in the foods we eat and drink, and even in our very own
bodies.

Answer:

Lesson
Graphic Organizers as Textual Aids
2

What’s In
In Module 1, you practiced the skill of listening/reading for useful
information for daily living. What again are the steps in listening/reading for
information? Write it below.

A. Before Reading Activity

1. What do you know about the human brain? Write below two ideas about
our brain which you have learned from your previous lessons.
a.
b.

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 2. Below are some of the words used in the text that might be unfamiliar to
you. Use context clues to find out the meaning of these words.

1. The two hemispheres or divisions of the A. powerful

world are the Northern and Southern B. parts
hemispheres. They differ mostly in C. uses reason and
weather and bodies of land and water common sense
present. D. popular
E. sensitive
2. Manny is the more dominant between the
two boxers; he made his opponent fall twice
already.

3. We need more logical leaders. They are

people who use facts, data, and even
research in making important decisions.

B. During Reading Activity

Read the short essay below. As you read, pay attention to the diagram you
will find inserted in the essay. What information can you find in there?

Left-brain or right-brain?

Do you know that our brain, the organ which controls our entire body is
divided into two parts? Each part or hemisphere of the brain controls a unique part
in our bodies. For example, the left hemisphere is believed to control thinking and
problem solving while the right controls creativity and emotions. Because of this
division, many believe in the idea that every person has a dominant side of the
brain. There are those who are left-brain dominant and there are others who are
right-brain dominant. Let us know more about them by looking at the diagram
below.

Which one are you? Are you the logical or the more emotional one? Are you
into Math and Science or more into the arts? While scientists are still looking for a
100% proof that left or right brain dominance really do exist, it is nonetheless very
fascinating to know that we as human beings are all created uniquely. Whether we
truly have much of our left-brain or is controlled more by the right, it is clear that

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we

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all have different abilities and talents that we can share to the communities we belong
to.

C. After Reading Activity

Let us analyze the short text you have read by answering the questions below.

1. As a reader, what is the effect of the inserted diagram in the text to you?
What information did you learn from this diagram?

2. Complete the statement: According to the text, people who are right-
brain dominant are…

3. Do you believe in the theory of left or right brain dominance? Explain

your view on this.

Textual aids are common in non-fiction texts. Nonfiction texts or informative

texts like the one you have just read are very common in many of the
websites/webpages we can access today.

One of the most useful textual aids are graphic organizers. Graphic
organizers can be used to present different kinds of information: to summarize, to
show the steps in a process, to give similarities and differences or to present causes
and effects. You can find common examples of graphic organizers below.

1) Network Tree

This can be used to summarize the information given in a paragraph (ex. A

paragraph about the different genres of music together with examples for each genre).

Main Topic

Subtopic 1 Subtopic 2 Subtopic 3 Main

To

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2) Process Flow Chart
This can be used to show sequence of events or steps (ex. How plants make
their own food).
First,

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Then,

Finally,
3) Venn Diagram

This can be used to give the similarities and differences between two topics
(ex. two countries in Asia). Write the differences on the separate circles and the
similarities on the overlapping parts.

Topic 1 Topic 2

4) Cause and Effect Charts

You can use this to present different effects of an event (What are the effects
of COVID-19 pandemic to people?) or different causes of a single event (ex. What are
the causes of poverty?).

Effect 1
Cause
Effect 2

Aside from the graphic organizers we have discussed, what other graphic
organizers have you used in your classes? In what subjects do you use graphic
organizers the most?

In order to transfer information from a text to a graphic organizer, it is

important to understand first what the text is all about. If you have figured out
what the text is all about, you can now select the most appropriate graphic
organizer to use to present the information. For example, if a paragraph is talking
about the similarities and differences between classic and modern songs, the best
graphic organizer to use is the Venn Diagram because it is an organizer which
presents the similarities and differences between two concepts.

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 Graphic organizers are also helpful during group presentations and in
reviewing for examinations. Instead of writing down bulleted sentences, use graphic
organizers to present ideas in a clearer way. Because graphic organizers use less
words than ordinary paragraphs/texts, you can clearly see the relationships and
connections between ideas.

Answer the activities that will follow to practice your skill about using different
graphic organizers.

Activity 1
How do you think early humans look like? Are they like us, modern human
beings? Read the text below to find out more.

Humans first appeared on the planet around 300 000 years ago
according to most scientists. The earliest humans are called Neanderthals
and Cro-Magnons. They were named from the places where their fossils
were discovered: the Neanderthals from the Neander Valley in Germany,
and the Cro-Magnons from a place in France.

The Neanderthal Man is short with powerful arms. He has a large

brain, a low forehead, an extending jaw and a round chin. All these features
make him look more like an ape-man than a real, modern human. When the
climate became cold, they lived in caves. They are great hunters: they hunt
for animals like bears, foxes, and wild horses for food. They took the skin as
clothing and use the bones for tools and ornaments. The Neanderthals are
also skilled in making tools: they made choppers, drills, and spears.

Cro-Magnons followed the Neanderthals. They were six-footers with

a wide face, a high forehead, and a square chin. All these facial features
make the Cro-Magnon look like a modern man. They also live in caves and
hunt wild animals. However, it appears that they are more skilled than the
Neanderthals. A study of the caves where they have lived show drawings of
animals and hunters. They also carve animal figures out of stone and put
decorations on their weapons. They use animal bones as needles, and they
sew clothing from animal skin. The Cro-Magnons also learned how to make
fire by rubbing two sticks together.

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 Fill-up the Venn Diagram below with details/information from the text about
early humans.

What have you learned about early humans after doing the Venn diagram?
Answer:
Activity 2
What do you know about bullying? Read the following paragraph to find out
more about this serious issue. After reading, complete the network tree that you
will find after the text.

Complete
Bullying the network
is an actiontree graphic
made by a organizer
person orbelow using
a group of the information
persons from
to another
the
thattext. Writeharm
causes the graphic organizer
or damage on physical,
to the a separateemotional
piece of paper.
and even on things or
properties that a person owns. Actions considered as bullying make the victim
Main Topic
feel unsafe or threatened. In schools, an action is also considered bullying if it
prevents or stops another student from studying, and if the action is disturbing
1) of other2)students.3)
the learning
4)5) 6)
Acts of bullying can be physical, verbal, and even digital. Physical bullying
includes actions like punching, pushing, kicking, and even the use of objects to
harm another person physically. Verbal acts of bullying include name-calling,
What have
teasing, you learned
saying foul orabout bullying
improper after accomplishing
language to another, the
andnetwork tree?
even commenting
Answer:
negatively on another person’s physical appearance. The last type of bullying is
more digital in nature and is now popularly called cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is
the use of digital or electronic ways to harm others. This include harassment and
threatening others thru social media posts and in other digital formats like text,
email, private messages or chat, and even online games.

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Activity 3
Read the short paragraph below. Then, fill-up the fishbone graphic organizer
that you will find after the paragraph.

Complete the fishbone

We all know graphic is
that pollution organizer below using
bad. Pollutants or the information
materials from the
like chemicals
text.
thatUse a separate
cause pollutionsheet for your
is harmful tographic organizer.
all living things including us humans. We are all
familiar with water pollution, air pollution, and even soil pollution brought by
pollutants that we humans produce in factories, vehicles and others. However,
there is another kind of pollution that we might be less aware of but is something
that can also have a great impact to our lives. It is caused by a less obvious
pollutant— sound—and is called noise pollution.
Noise pollution is defined by experts as a constant or long exposure to high
levels of sound. Sound is measured in units called decibels, and regularly hearing
sound of more than 85 decibels for long periods of time is already considered
noise pollution. Noise pollution typically come from the outside: vehicle sounds
(vehicle engines,
What horns),
have you loudabout
realized music
theinside stores
topic of noiseand other after
pollution business areas, as
completing
well as noises coming from
the fishbone graphic organizer? schools or offices all contribute to noise pollution.
However, noise pollutants do not only come from outside our homes; the loud
Answer:
music from your own speakers, the television and other appliances inside our
very own houses, including the noise made by our family members also

In this lesson, we focused on graphic organizers. Express what you

have learned about the concept of graphic organizers by answering these
questions.
1. What kinds of texts are graphic organizers usually found?

2. What are the common uses of graphic organizers? Give four.

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 Apply what you have learned about graphic organizers by reading the text
below. Afterwards, answer the questions that will follow.

Digestion begins in the mouth where teeth shred the food as a person
Questions:
chews.
1. WhatThis
is process
the authoris trying
knowntoasdomechanical
in the text?digestion where
What is his foodfor
purpose iswriting?
broken
down into smaller pieces. The tongue mixes the food with saliva, which is a
mixture of water and enzymes produced by the salivary glands. Saliva begins
the
2. process of chemical
According digestion.
to the text, It starts
in what part the
of the breakdown
human of starch
body does into simple
food digestion
sugars.
begin? In what part does it end?

After the food becomes soft and moist, the tongue pushes it to the
esophagus. Movements of the smooth muscles in the esophagus push the food
toward
3. Whattherole
opening to in
do acids thethe
stomach.
stomachThe
playstomach continues
in the digestion the digestion by
of food?
squeezing its contents with its muscles. Acids in the stomach begin breaking
down protein. The acid also kills bacteria that may have been swallowed with
the food. After several hours in the stomach, the food becomes a soupy
mixture.
4. Which of the four graphic organizers we have studied in this module is best
to use in presenting the information from the text? Draw this graphic
The foodand
organizer then
fillpasses to the
it up with small intestine. Tiny
information/details fromfinger-like
the text. projections
called villi line the small intestine. Digested food passes into the blood through
the walls of the villi. Materials that cannot be absorbed in the blood pass into
Graphic
the large intestine. In here, little digestion takes place. The large intestine
organizer

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 Answer the following questions. Select your answers from the options provided
after each item. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which is NOT an example of a graphic organizer?
A. fishbone C. cause and effect chart
B. network tree D. pictures or illustrations

2. When a reader looks at a process flow chart, he/she will… Which best
completes this statement?
A. realize the reasons why an event took place
B. see the steps in how to accomplish something
C. identify the connections between ideas
D. determine the commonalities and differences between two ideas

3. Read this paragraph about salt.

Besides making food delicious, it's believed that there are more than
14,000 uses for salt. A number of these uses were for simple things around
the home before modern chemicals and cleaners were invented. The most
familiar use of salt is in the kitchen and on the dining table, but there are
many other uses for salt around the home as well. Salt is an excellent
cleaning agent, either on its own or in combination with other substances.
Salt helps destroy moths and drives away ants. In mild solutions, salt
makes an excellent mouthwash and throat gargle. It is also an effective
antiseptic and it can be extremely helpful as a massage element to improve
What graphic organizer is best to use if you want to present the details of this
paragraph in a different way?
A. cause-effect chart C. Venn diagram
B. problem-solution chart D. network

tree 4-10. Read the paragraph below.

Water is always moving. It is unique since it can change its form and
become solid (ice), liquid (water), or gas (water vapor). When the sun beats
down on the waters in lakes, rivers, and oceans, some of that water absorbs
heat and turns into a gas which is called water vapor. This rises into air in
the process called evaporation. When water vapor cools down, it returns to a
liquid state and forms clouds in the sky. This is called condensation. When
enough water vapor has condensed, water droplets become too heavy and
water falls to the ground as rain, sleet, snow, or hale. This is called
precipitation. When water falls back into the earth surface, it is collected in
oceans, streams, ponds, and other bodies of water. Some soak into the
ground, where it is used by plants and animals. This is called collection.

What graphic organizer will you use for this paragraph? Create this
graphic organizer and fill it up with information/details from the text (6 pts).
Write it on a separate sheet of paper.

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 Choose one text/paragraph from your current modules in Science,
Mathematics and other modules which is in English.

Read the text. After reading, think of a graphic organizer that can be used to
present the information in the text you have read.

Create this graphic organizer on a separate sheet and fill-it up with the
information from the text. Attach a copy of the text (photocopy, scan, or picture)
together with your graphic organizer.

1. Types of Graphic Organizers from

https://www.westfordk12.us/sites/westfordmaps/files/uploads/types_of_gr
aphic_organizers.pdf and
https://www.writedesignonline.com/organizers/brainstorm.html

2. Information from the text Understanding Noise Pollution taken from

https://www.soundproofcow.com/top-10-loudest-cities-world-live/

3. Information about left/right brain dominance from

https://www.mentalup.co/blog/right-brain-left-brain-test

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 Development Team of the Module
Writer: Cyril P. Santos (SEHS)
Internal Reviewer: Janet S. Cajuguiran ( EPS – English)
External Validator: Ma. Concepcion Y. Raymundo (PNU
Professor) Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Arneil A. Pagatpatan (NHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division
Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division
Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
EPS-English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989
Email Address:

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