With XF Option

Vector Impedance Analyzer – 100KHz to 200 MHz

Proprietary Information.
Reproduction, Dissemination, or use of information contained herein for purposes other than
operation and /or maintenance is prohibited without written authorization from AEA Technology
Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2003-2014
2014 by AEA Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. This document and all software
sof or
firmware designed by AEA Technology, Inc. is copyrighted and may not be copied or altered in
any way without the written consent from AEA Technology, Inc.
TM TM
VIA Bravo , Bravo PC Vision and AEA Logos are trademarks of AEA Technology, Inc. 1998

Patent No. 7,030,627 BI

ii
VIA Bravo! Operation Manual
AEA Wireless, Inc.

Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 VIA BRAVO! HIGHLIGHTS .................................................................................................. 1
1.2 USING THIS MANUAL ........................................................................................................ 1
2 QUICK START ....................................................................................................................... 2
3 OPERATING THE VIA BRAVO! UNIT ................................................................................... 3
3.1 CENTER FREQUENCY........................................................................................................ 3
3.2 SWEEP BANDWIDTH .......................................................................................................... 3
3.3 FREQUENCY STEP SIZE .................................................................................................... 4
3.4 EXAM/PLOT ...................................................................................................................... 5
3.5 POWER ON ...................................................................................................................... 5
3.6 POWER OFF ..................................................................................................................... 5
3.7 F1 HELP SCREEN ............................................................................................................. 5
3.8 F2 INSTRUMENT PROPERTIES (ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS) ........................................... 6
3.8.1 Backlight Time/Intensity ............................................................................................. 6
3.8.2 Display Contrast......................................................................................................... 6
3.8.3 Audio Options ............................................................................................................ 6
3.8.4 Instrument Mode ........................................................................................................ 7
3.8.5 Battery Saver ............................................................................................................. 8
3.9 F3 PLOT DATA PROPERTIES ............................................................................................. 8
3.9.1 Left Plot Data ............................................................................................................. 8
3.9.2 Right Plot Data ........................................................................................................... 9
3.9.3 RLC Model Series/Parallel ....................................................................................... 10
3.9.4 Plot Width ................................................................................................................. 10
3.9.5 Big Frequency Display ............................................................................................. 10
3.10 F4 SCALES AND LEGENDS .............................................................................................. 10
3.10.1 Grid Lines ............................................................................................................ 10
3.10.2 X Axis Label ......................................................................................................... 10
3.10.3 Left Plot Scale ..................................................................................................... 10
3.10.4 Right Plot Scale ................................................................................................... 10
3.11 F5 MEMORY AND MISCELLANEOUS .................................................................................. 11
3.11.1 Save Operation .................................................................................................... 11
3.11.2 Recall Operation .................................................................................................. 11
3.11.3 Plot Name ............................................................................................................ 11
3.11.4 Cable Properties .................................................................................................. 11
3.11.5 Com Port Baud .................................................................................................... 11
3.11.6 Self Test............................................................................................................... 11
3.12 CABLE NULLING.............................................................................................................. 12
3.12.1 Cable Definition ................................................................................................... 12
3.12.2 Nulling Procedure ................................................................................................ 12
3.12.3 Calibration Cycles ................................................................................................ 12
3.12.4 Numeric Quantities .............................................................................................. 13
3.12.5 80 Point Sweeps .................................................................................................. 13
3.12.6 100 Point Sweeps ................................................................................................ 13
3.12.7 CW Mode ............................................................................................................. 13

iii
4 APPLICATIONS AND MEASUREMENT EXAMPLES ........................................................ 14
4.1 MAKE A ½ WAVELENGTH COAXIAL LINE ............................................................................ 14
4.2 MAKE A ¼ WAVELENGTH COAXIAL LINE ............................................................................ 14
4.3 LOAD COUPLES INTO POWER LINE .................................................................................. 15
4.4 TUNE AN ANTENNA TO RESONANCE .................................................................................. 15
4.5 MEASURE THE LENGTH OF A COAX ................................................................................... 15
5 OPERATION WITH THE VIA DIRECTOR SOFTWARE ..................................................... 16
6 CARE AND MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................... 17
6.1 OPERATING PRECAUTIONS.............................................................................................. 17
6.2 EXTERNAL DC POWER ................................................................................................... 17
6.3 BATTERIES ..................................................................................................................... 17
6.4 CLEANING ...................................................................................................................... 17
7 LIMITED WARRANTY.......................................................................................................... 17
8 IN CASE OF TROUBLE ....................................................................................................... 19
8.1 CONTRAST ..................................................................................................................... 19
8.1.1 Environment and Contrast ....................................................................................... 19
8.1.2 Power on Preset Value if Contrast Was Lost .......................................................... 19
8.1.3 Power Induced Failure ............................................................................................. 20
8.2 BATTERIES ..................................................................................................................... 20
8.3 SERIAL PORT ................................................................................................................. 20
8.4 OTHER PROBLEMS ......................................................................................................... 20
9 APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................... 20
9.1 VIA BRAVO! SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................................................... 22
9.1.1 Output Characteristics ............................................................................................. 22
9.1.2 Measurement Specifications .................................................................................... 22
9.1.3 Display Characteristics ............................................................................................ 23
9.1.4 Miscellaneous Specifications ................................................................................... 24
9.1.5 Battery Power .......................................................................................................... 25
9.1.6 Absolute Maximum Ratings ..................................................................................... 25
9.1.7 Size .......................................................................................................................... 25
9.2 MENU CHART ................................................................................................................. 26
9.2.1 Function Key Operations ......................................................................................... 26
9.2.2 Non Function Key Operations .................................................................................. 28
9.3 SERIAL PORT COMMAND AND CONTROL .......................................................................... 29
9.3.1 Data Requests ......................................................................................................... 29
9.3.2 Unit Setup ................................................................................................................ 32
9.3.3 Examples ................................................................................................................. 36
9.4 ASCII TABLE.................................................................................................................. 37
9.5 COAXIAL CABLE REFERENCE TABLE ................................................................................ 38

iv
1 Introduction
1.1 VIA Bravo! Highlights
The Via Bravo! analyzer measures complex impedances of electrical components,
antennae, and cables. The results of the measurements are displayed graphically, with some
numeric detail. You can choose to display the impedance from among several formats. The
VIA Bravo! sweeps across a range of frequencies, or operates at CW, either way the display
is continuously updated with new measurement results. This unit has many applications,
including:

1. Tune antennae and feed systems

2. Measure Z, Angle, Resistance, and/or Reactance of a load
3. Measure the length of a piece of coax
4. Portable and economic replacement for network analyzer applications that measure
S11.
5. Find resonant frequency
6. CW signal generator

Two plots may be simultaneously viewed on the same graph. The VIA Bravo! connects
to your PC with the VIA Director Software to view results on a multi color, large screen
display in a Smith Chart or X-Y plot format.
The Z altering effects of coax cable can be nulled out, so that the load at the end of the
coax is displayed. The VIA Bravo! operates over a wide range of characteristic impedances,
so you are not limited to measuring 50 ohm systems.
The VIA Bravo! periodically self calibrates during operation. The VIA Bravo! determines
when recalibration is required and displays the marquee screen with a “CALIBRATING”
message during the calibration. The unit begins measurements after a few seconds.
Operator conveniences include: non volatile storage, auditory cues, back lit display,
battery saver options, display contrast adjustment, versatile output displays, and serial port
communications. Internal Batteries (8 AA batteries, not included) power the VIA Bravo! in
situations where wall power is not available.
Included accessories are the VIA Director MRI Software, a power pack, a serial port
cable, and a soft case with shoulder strap.

1.2 Using This Manual

Throughout this manual, references are made to FREQ and WIDTH keys. Each of these
keys has an UP or DOWN option. The operator selects the up or down keys depending on
desired results.

Certain words that appear as all capitals (FREQ, WIDTH, ON, OFF EXAM/PLOT,
ENTER) refer to keys on the VIA Bravo! keypad. Other capitalized “words” are acronyms
(VIA, SWR, CW, etc). Capitalized and italicized words (ENTER etc.) refer to keys on your PC
when using the VIA Director Software.
VIA is an acronym for Vector Impedance Analyzer, SWR stands for Standing Wave
Ratio, and CW is short for Continuous Wave.

1
2 Quick Start
Connect the power pack to a wall outlet, the other end of the power pack plugs into the
jack located on the top panel of the VIA Bravo!, next to the coaxial connector. You may
optionally use batteries to power the VIA Bravo!.

Momentarily press the ON key. You should see the AEA marquee screen for a few
seconds, and then a graph will appear. The factory default sets the left plot (thin line) to total
Z (total impedance) and the right plot (hashed line) shows the impedance phase angle.

An open circuit doesn’t make an interesting graph, so let’s connect a load to the coaxial
connector on the VIA Bravo! unit. A length of coax or a coaxial terminator would be a good
place to start. If you use coax, it will show a resonance at the half wavelength frequency.

Enter a center frequency by pressing a number on the keypad (press the first digit of your
desired frequency). The screen changes to show the digit that you pressed. Press more
digits to until your center frequency shows on the display. Press the ENTER key when done.
Note: if you press a wrong digit, just add digits until you have an out of range frequency.
When you press enter, the frequency is erased and you can re-enter your frequency.

Now enter a sweep width by entering digits to get the desired width. Press one of the
WIDTH keys when ready. Due to synthesizer limitations, the sweep widths must be certain
values and the VIA Bravo! adjusts your entry to an available sweep width. The VIA Bravo!
flashes a brief warning if it changes the sweep width from the number you entered. The x
axis legend displays the lower and upper sweep frequencies.

Press the OFF key. The settings you have entered are automatically saved prior to the
unit shutting off. The next time you power up, these settings will reload, putting the VIA
Bravo! in the same state that you last used it in. If you ever want to start the VIA Bravo! with
factory preset values, hold the ENTER key while you power up the unit, otherwise, the unit
will load up the settings that were in effect the last time the OFF key was pressed..

Press the ON key again. Connect a load to the coaxial connector to measure its
impedance. Now press the EXAM/PLOT key. The plotting will freeze and a vertical cursor
appears. You may move the cursor with the FREQ keys. The two plot values at the cursor
frequency and the calculated L-C value are displayed by the three big numbers on the left of
the display. The top number shows the first (left) plot value, the middle number shows the
second (right), while the bottom number shows the inductance/capacitance of the load.
Using the FREQ keys, move the cursor to a frequency of interest. Pressing EXAM/PLOT a
second time returns to normal sweeping operation, with a new center frequency equal to the
last exam/plot frequency. See paragraph 3.4 for more details on EXAM/PLOT operation.

Refer to the remainder of the manual to find more operational details on these
and other functions.

2
3 Operating the VIA Bravo! Unit
You will navigate through various menus to control the operation of the VIA Bravo!. Most
menus operate in a similar manner. The top level menu is entered by pressing an F key.
The cursor on the left is scrolled to the desired choice by using the WIDTH or FREQ keys.
With the cursor aligned to the desired choice, press ENTER, and the first sub menu appears.
Again, use WIDTH or FREQ to scroll to the choice and press ENTER. Some sub menus
require different keys to operate, and this will be noted on the display.
A few functions require numeric entries instead of cursor movement. Enter the required
number using the numeric keys. Numeric entries set center frequency, sweep width, freq
step size, cable Z or cable VF.
Most menus will place the cursor at the current setting. So if you enter a menu by
mistake, you can usually press ENTER enough times to push through the menus without
altering the settings
Whenever you are in a menu, the VIA Bravo! lists your choices for keypad entries to help
you make your choice and return to measuring.
A table that shows the menu selections can be found in paragraph 9.2.

3.1 Center Frequency

Exit any menus that you may be in and then press the first digit of your desired center
frequency. The frequency entry screen pops up. Finish entering the center frequency. Note
that you may need to add zeroes to get your entry to align properly with the decimal point.
When the correct number is ready, press the ENTER key. The unit should start plotting with
the new center frequency.

You may also alter the center frequency using the FREQ keys. The center frequency will
shift up or down by the frequency step size. You are able to select the desired frequency
step size (see Para. 3.3).
If you make an error while entering the frequency, you can continue to enter digits until
an illegal frequency (too high) is entered. When you press the ENTER key, the display
resets, allowing you to start a new frequency entry.

3.2 Sweep Bandwidth

There are two ways to set sweep bandwidth, the first way is similar to center frequency
entry, except use WIDTH instead of ENTER; the second method is to just press WIDTH.
Notice that when you change the sweep width, the VIA Bravo! MRI will recalibrate itself.
Exit any menus that you may be in, then press the first digit of your desired sweep
bandwidth. The frequency entry screen pops up. Finish entering the sweep bandwidth.
Note that you may need to add zeroes to get your entry to align properly with the decimal
point. When the correct number shows in the display, press the WIDTH key. The unit should
start plotting with the new sweep bandwidth.

If you enter a width of zero, the unit will change to CW mode. Entering a non zero width
will convert the unit into sweep mode. The display formats are different for these two modes.
Another way to toggle these modes is explained in paragraph 3.8.4.

3
 Due to synthesizer limitations, the sweep widths must be certain values and the VIA
Bravo! adjusts your entry to an available sweep width. For example if you enter a 1.000 MHz
wide sweep, the VIA Bravo! sets the sweep width to 1.000 MHz if the unit is plotting 100
points, but will set the sweep width to a 1.600 MHz if the graph is set to 80 points. The VIA
Bravo! flashes a brief warning if it changes the sweep width from the number you entered.
The x axis legend displays the lower and upper sweep frequencies of the chosen sweep
bandwidth.
Sweep width may also be set using the WIDTH keys. Pressing one of these keys will
increase or decrease the sweep width by a factor of 2. The WIDTH key may be pressed The
WIDTH key may be pressed and held for larger changes. Release the width key after the
desired number of beeps (each beep represents a factor of 2). If the width key is not held,
but is repeatedly pushed, you will have to wait for a calibration cycle to finish for each sweep
width.
Some combinations of center frequency and sweep width will cause the graph to be
truncated. The sweep truncates at the VIA Bravo!’s frequency limits. Truncation can also
occur using the EXAM/PLOT mode, see paragraph 3.4 for details on this.
If you make an error while entering the sweep width, you can continue to enter digits until
an illegal width (too wide) is entered. When you press the ENTER key, the display resets,
allowing you to start a new sweep entry.

3.3 Frequency Step Size

The frequency step size determines the change in center frequency when the FREQ key
is pressed. The center frequency may be adjusted up or down by using the appropriate
FREQ key. Setting the frequency step size is similar to center frequency entry, except use
FREQ instead of ENTER.
Exit any menus that you may be in then press the first digit of your desired step
frequency. The frequency entry screen pops up. Finish entering the step frequency. Note
that you may need to add zeroes to get your entry to align properly with the decimal point.
When the correct number is ready, press either FREQ key. The unit should start plotting with
the new center frequency. Any future presses of the FREQ keys will increment the center
frequency by this new step frequency.
If you make an error while entering the step size, you can continue to enter digits until an
illegal step (too big) is entered. When you press the FREQ or ENTER keys, the display
resets, allowing you to start a new step size entry.
The frequency step sizes are limited by the sweep parameters. If you enter an
unavailable step size, the VIA Bravo! flashes a brief warning and sets the step to a valid
value.

4
3.4 Exam/Plot
The EXAM/PLOT key toggles between two modes of operation. In the plot mode, the
screen is periodically updated with the results of a new measurement. The exam mode
freezes the display, and adds a frequency cursor. The cursor shifts by pressing the FREQ
keys. The plot data values under the cursor are displayed numerically on the left edge of the
graph.
When the VIA Bravo! calibrates itself, it sweeps a bandwidth that is twice a large as the
display. This will allow you to do panning operations in the exam mode without triggering a
new calibration cycle. This expanded calibration width improves operator convenience when
panning, especially when using the cable null feature. To suppress the calibration cycle, only
press the FREQ key while in exam mode, pressing the FREQ key in the plot mode forces a
new calibration.
You may also press the ENTER key during exam mode. The cursor position determines
the new center frequency, and you will be back in plot mode.
If you pan far enough, you will notice that the graph truncates. The truncation occurs at
the edge of the calibrated frequencies. If you wish to remove the truncation, you must force a
new calibration cycle. One way to do this is to just enter a new center frequency (para 3.1). ).
Other ways to force a calibration cycle are to press the FREQ or WIDTH keys while in the
plot mode (para 3.1or 3.2).
EXAMPLE: Once you press the EXAM/PLOT key, the cursor comes up. Press the
FREQ down key until the cursor reaches the far left of the screen. Hitting EXAM/PLOT again
brings the unit back to PLOT mode with the new center frequency without recalibrating.
You can now hit EXAM/PLOT again and continue moving the cursor to the left.

3.5 Power On
The unit is powered up by pressing the ON key. Be sure the power pack is connected or
that you have good batteries installed. The unit is configured with the settings that were in
effect when the OFF key was last pressed. If you ever want to start the VIA Bravo! with
factory preset values, hold the ENTER key while you power up the unit.

3.6 Power Off

To turn off the unit, press the OFF key. The settings (center freq, sweep width etc.) are
automatically saved to memory prior to turning off. These values will be recalled the next tine
you power on. If you power down by merely unplugging the power pack, the present settings
will not be saved.

3.7 F1 Help Screen

The help screen displays an abbreviated overview of the function keys. This can be
used to figure out which menu something is located in without having to explore through the
menus.

5
3.8 F2 Instrument Properties (Adjustments and Settings)
This menu contains items that alter the physical properties of the VIA Bravo! unit.

3.8.1 Backlight Time/Intensity

The backlight provides a convenient way to view the display when operating in dimly lit
locations. The life of the backlight (and the batteries, if used) can be extended by using the
backlight only when needed. You have control of the backlight operation. You may turn the
backlight on (continuous) or off. There are also 3 choices to turn the backlight on for a limited
time before it automatically shuts off. You can also adjust the backlight brightness from this
menu. Use WIDTH to move the cursor to the desired choice for the timer. Use FREQ to
adjust the intensity. When you have finished choosing your settings, press ENTER and you
will be back to measuring.
Note that the backlight turns on when you enter this sub menu. If you want to keep the
light on while measuring, the timer must be set to something other than “off”. When using the
timer (10, 20, or 50) any key presses will reset the timer function. If you have the backlight
set to 10 sweeps, the light goes out after 10 sweeps. If you press a key, the light will come
on again for another 10 sweeps after returning to measuring.
Also note the maximum intensity is limited and the backlight will only be noticed in dim
light conditions. When the VIA Bravo! is in a bright environment, the backlight will be washed
out.
The lowest brightness level is equivalent to the off setting. Either way of shutting off the
backlight will save the same amount of battery power. The brighter the backlight intensity,
the more battery power is used (if running off of the batteries).

3.8.2 Display Contrast

The display contrast can be affected by ambient temperature, so an adjustment is
included. Once in the contrast sub menu, press and hold the WIDTH or FREQ key until the
desired contrast appears. Press ENTER when done.

3.8.3 Audio Options

Pressing a key on the keypad optionally produces an audible beep. You may adjust the
volume level of these beeps. You may also activate an audio readout for when you want to
hear the effects of your adjustments rather than watching the display. In the audio readout
mode, the pitch of the audio varies as the left plot value at the center frequency changes.
Thus if you are measuring total Z on the left plot, the audio pitch gives an indication of the
total Z measured at the center frequency,
Once in the audio sub menu, press WIDTH to set the volume, or press FREQ to toggle
the audio readout mode. Press ENTER to leave the audio sub menu.

6
3.8.4 Instrument Mode
The VIA Bravo! Unit can be operated in one of three modes: as a VIA meter, as an SWR
meter, or as a cable tester. The VIA and SWR meters can operate in CW or sweep mode.
The VIA mater can operate with or without cable nulling. Enter this sub menu to select which
mode of operation you want.

3.8.4.1 VIA (Vector Impedance Analyzer)

The VIA may be used in sweep or CW mode. Further, you can remove cable effects
from your measurements using the <with cable> option. See paragraph 3.12 for cable nulling
instructions. To operate without cable nulling, choose one of the <no cable> options.

3.8.4.1.1 Sweep Mode (with or without cable)

This mode measures impedances and can plot one or two of the following quantities:
1. Total impedance (Z)
2. Impedance angle (A or Theta)
3. Resistance (R)
4. Reactance (X)
In sweep mode the center frequency equivalent L or C is displayed (numerically) at the
bottom of the three numbers on the left of the screen.

3.8.4.1.2 CW Mode (with or without cable)

In CW mode, all of those quantities (see above) are displayed numerically, along with the
frequency.

3.8.4.2 SWR (Standing Wave Ratio Meter)

This mode displays SWR or S11 readings. The SWR meter may be used in sweep or
CW mode.

3.8.4.2.1 Sweep Mode

In sweep mode you can plot one or two of the following quantities:
1 SWR (Voltage Standing wave Ratio)
2 Return loss (in dB)
3 Reflection coefficient (S11) magnitude (gamma)
4 Reflection coefficient (S11) angle (gamma)
In CW mode, all of the above quantities are displayed numerically.

3.8.4.3 Cable Analyzer

The VIA Bravo! cable analyzer measures the distance of a cable to a hard fault (short or
open).
This sub menu allows you to choose whether the cable being tested has an open or short
termination/fault. The only parameters to set are Zo and velocity factor: They must be
properly defined for the cable analyzer to operate properly. This can be done in the Cable
Characteristics sub menu (see 3.11.4 ).
The VIA Bravo! displays the length numerically in feet/inches and meters. The defined
values for the cable Zo and VF are also displayed. Press enter to take a new reading. Press
F2 and select a different instrument mode to exit the cable analyzer. Press F5 to redefine the
cable.

7
3.8.4.4 Spectrum Analyzer
The VIA Bravo! Contains a simplified spectrum analyzer function. This spectrum
analyzer will display the presence of signals that could interfere with the impedance readings.
This spectrum analyzer has no front end (RF) filters, so signals can image into the
display bandwidth when they are actually at other frequencies. However, if the frequency
does image into the sweep bandwidth, it is capable of upsetting your readings.
The IF bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer is approximately 3% of the sweep width, and
is not independently adjustable.
The amplitude scale has a fixed 50dB range with the max level at +10dBm.

3.8.4.5 CW Generator
Selecting this state will cause the VIA Bravo! To generate a CW signal at the displayed
frequency.
You may change the frequency by entering the digits. The ENTER and FREQ keys
operate the same as in normal operation. Pressing the WIDTH keys has no effect in the CW
mode.

3.8.5 Battery Saver

To help conserve your batteries, you may select the battery saver option. When
activated, the VIA Bravo! unit will shut off after approximately 5 minutes. When this feature is
disabled, the unit remains on until power is interrupted or the OFF key is pressed.

3.9 F3 Plot Data Properties

The VIA Bravo! can graph up to two plots on the display. More plots may be displayed if
you connect the VIA Bravo! to a PC running the VIA Director software. In addition to the two
plots, some information is also displayed numerically. When the plotting width is 100 points,
all of the center frequency data is displayed with small digits. When the plot width is 80
points, the left plot and right plot values at the center frequency are displayed with large digits
(viewable from 8 to 10 feet). Additionally the 80 point sweep displays using large digits, the
calculated L-C (in VIA operation) or the Q of the SWR curve (in SWR operation).

3.9.1 Left Plot Data

This sub menu allows you to choose which data to plot on the left axis with the non
hashed curve. The data types depend on the instrument mode. The center frequency value
is also displayed numerically.

3.9.1.1 VIA Operation

3.9.1.1.1 Total Impedance
This is the total Z of the load. It is equal to the square root of the sum of resistance
squared and reactance squared. If resistance and reactance are made to be the two legs of
a right triangle, the total Z is the hypotenuse.

8
3.9.1.1.2 Impedance Angle
The impedance angle is the ratio of resistance to reactance, expressed in degrees. It is
equal to the arctan of reactance divided by resistance. Note that this angle is a bipolar
quantity, so zero is near the middle of the plotting range, the x axis is down at the maximum
negative, and the maximum positive is still near the top of the plot.

3.9.1.1.3 Resistance
Standard resistance, measured in ohms. This is the portion of the Z that is non reactive.

3.9.1.1.4 Reactance
The reactance is the non resistive portion of the total impedance caused by capacitance
or inductance. Reactance is also a bipolar quantity, thus zero reactance is at the middle of
the plot range.

3.9.1.2 SWR operation

The SWR meter displays impedance in specific formats. Refer to an antenna or radio
handbook for detailed information on these quantities. The information for this mode is the
same info that can be extracted or plotted on a Smith Chart.

3.9.1.2.1 SWR
SWR is the same as voltage standing wave ratio. This can be used to roughly determine
an antenna’s match to its coax.

3.9.1.2.2 Return Loss

The amount of transmitted energy that is reflected back, expressed in dBs.

3.9.1.2.3 Reflection Coefficient Magnitude

This is the magnitude of the S11 vector. Minimum value is zero and implies perfect
match. Maximum value is 1.0, complete reflection of energy.

3.9.1.2.4 Reflection Coefficient Angle

This is the same thing as the phase angle of the S11 vector. This angle contains the
information to determine cable length. Combined with the magnitude, all the impedance
information can be determined.

3.9.1.2.5 Q Factor
The 2:1 SWR bandwidth is used to calculate the circuit Q. The Q is displayed
numerically when the plot has 80 points, and one of the plots displayed is SWR.

3.9.2 Right Plot Data

Any data available for the left plot can be plotted on the second plot. Even the same data
can be plotted on both plots (use different scales to see both). See paragraph 3.9.1 for
detailed information on plots. The curve of the right plot is always a hashed line.

9
3.9.3 RLC Model Series/Parallel
The equivalent C or L (calculated from the reactance at the center frequency) can be
displayed numerically. The equivalent load appears as a resistor and a capacitor (or resistor
and inductor). The values of the resistance and reactive component can be calculated as two
components in series or two components in parallel. Selecting series or parallel determines
which calculation is used when displaying resistance or reactance. This calculation (series or
parallel) affects both the numeric output and the plots for resistance or reactance. This
option has no effect on SWR plots, total Z, or impedance angle.

3.9.4 Plot Width

The graphs can be either 80 or 100 points wide. 80 points gives a smaller sweep range
with only 8 horizontal divisions, but it allows the large numeric display of center frequency
values. When 100 points are used, there are 10 horizontal divisions, and the KHZ/division is
easier to keep track of mentally because it is easy to divide by 10. However, the 100 point
display leaves no room for large numeric displays, so all center frequency values are
displayed with small digits. Pick the plot width you are most comfortable with.

3.9.5 Big Frequency Display

An option to display the center frequency with large digits is available. This option is only
available on the 80 point plot. This display does cover a portion of the plots so you usually
use it when covering a portion of the plot doesn’t bother you.

3.10 F4 Scales and Legends

This menu allows you to select the plot scales, the x axis format, and the number of
horizontal grid lines to show

3.10.1 Grid Lines

You can choose 1, 3 or 5 horizontal grids

3.10.2 X Axis Label

You can choose between 3 frequencies (FL FC FH) or the center frequency plus/minus
the delta frequencies (-dF FC +dF).

3.10.3 Left Plot Scale

Select the scale of the left plot. Choices vary depending on what is being plotted.

3.10.4 Right Plot Scale

Select the scale of the right plot. Choices vary depending on what is being plotted.

10
3.11 F5 Memory and Miscellaneous
This menu lets you save and recall data, set the plot name, set the cable properties, set
the baud rate, and perform a self test.

3.11.1 Save Operation

Instrument states and /or data may be saved in EEprom for recalling at a later time.
There are two types of save memories. The first type only saves instrument presets; the
other saves both the presets and the plot data. One can use the preset only memory to save
instrument states for a number of different antennae. The full data save could record the
impedance of an antenna then transfer it to a PC for further analysis or to save history
information.

3.11.1.1 Instrument Presets

Memory locations 1 through 16 save the instrument presets only.

3.11.1.2 Plot Data

Memory locations 17 to 24 save both plot data and instrument presets.

3.11.2 Recall Operation

Memory recall is the compliment to memory save. When memory locations 17 to 24 are
recalled, the saved data is displayed, and the unit is in the exam mode, allowing you to view
the data and move the cursor across it. Once you leave the exam mode the display is
updated with new data, but the saved data is still intact in the save memory slot, ready to be
recalled again if necessary.

3.11.3 Plot Name

Allows you to assign up to a 12 character name to the save data. A descriptive name will
help you remember what the plots are when downloading the data to a PC. You can enter
the name via this submenu, or you can enter it during the save operation.

3.11.4 Cable Properties

You set the cable Zo and velocity factor in this sub menu. Operation is similar to
frequency, you my need to enter zeroes to align the velocity factor to the decimal point. The
Zo is used for SWR calculations. The velocity factor is used in cable length calculations.

3.11.5 Com Port Bit Rate

You can set the bit rate you wish to use in this sub menu. The data format is always N-8-
1 with XON/XOFF handshaking.

3.11.6 Self Test

You can perform a self test by selecting this choice. Press ENTER to quit the self test.
Pressing any other key creates a response that indicates the key is operating.

11
3.12 Cable Nulling using the included terminators
Any load connected to a coax that is not perfectly matched to the coaxial cable’s
characteristic impedance will have its impedance modified by the coax. Cable nulling allows
you to remove the effect of the coaxial cable so that the impedance you read shows the
impedance of the load at the end of the cable, without the cable modifying effects.
Cable nulling is selected by using one of the (with cable) options when selecting the
instrument mode (see 3.8.4.1). The VIA Bravo! will prompt you for the required action during
the cable nulling procedure. Basically, the VIA Bravo! takes three readings: open circuit,
short circuit and nominal Z0.
The data resulting from a procedure that nulls a cable will be specific for that cable. If the
cable is changed, a new nulling must be performed. If the power is turned off, the cable
nulling information will be lost, so a new cable nulling will be required after power is restored.
Note, if you power back up and do not wish to use cable nulling, you can just fake it by going
though the nulling procedure without any cable or load, then change the instrument state to
“no cable” (see 3.8.4.1).

3.12.1 Cable Definition

The coaxial cable characteristic impedance must be defined for cable nulling to operate
properly. This can be done in the Cable Characteristics sub menu (see 3.11.4 ).

3.12.2 Nulling Procedure

The nulling procedure begins by selecting a <with cable> option when setting up the
instrument mode (see 3.8.4.1or 3.8.4.2). Install the cable to be nulled to the RF connector of
the VIA Bravo! unit. Once the instrument mode is selected and the cable is connected, the
procedure can begin.

3.12.2.1 Open Circuit Reading

With the far end of the coax un-terminated (open circuit) press the ENTER key once. A
few seconds later the VIA Bravo! will prompt you for the next reading…(a short).

3.12.2.2 Short Circuit Reading

With the far end of the coax shorted using a coaxial short, press the ENTER key once.
When this step is complete the display shows that it wants the 50 (or 75) ohm reading.

3.12.2.3 Nominal Z Reading

With the far end of the coax terminated with a matched load (usually 50 or 75 ohms, a 50
Ohm “N” male terminator is included in the kit), press ENTER once. This completes the
cable nulling procedure. To verify that you completed the procedure correctly, notice that the
display shows flat line(s) at Z0 (and near zero degrees). If that procedure went well, remove
the matched load. Now you are ready to take measurements at the end of the coax.

3.12.3 Calibration Cycles

The VIA Bravo! MRI will periodically enter a calibration cycle. This ensures the best
accuracy over long periods of time. Changing certain sweep parameters can also induce a
calibration cycle. Sometimes you may want to enter something into the keypad while a
calibration cycle is in progress. This is allowed, so you may repeatedly bump the width or
alter the center frequency without waiting for the calibration cycles to finish. However after
you have completed your sweep alterations, the VIA Bravo! MRI performs one last calibration
cycle before displaying the new data.

12
3.12.4 Numeric Quantities
The VIA Bravo! compliments the plot displays with a number of numerical quantities.
These quantities depend on the sweep settings and the instrument mode.

3.12.5 80 Point Sweeps

The 80 point sweeps use large font numbers that can be read from about 10 feet away
with proper lighting/backlight conditions.

3.12.5.1 VIA Mode

There are three numbers displayed, all of these numbers are center frequency values.
The numbers are, in order from top to bottom:
Left plot value
Right plot value
The Q of the Z curve if Z is one of the 2 plots.

3.12.5.2 SWR Mode

There are three numbers displayed, all of these numbers are center frequency values.
The numbers are, in order from top to bottom:
Left plot value
Right plot value
The Q of the SWR curve if SWR is one of the 2 plots. The Q is the 2:1 bandwidth divided
by the center frequency.

3.12.6 100 Point Sweeps

3.12.6.1 VIA Mode
There a 5 numbers displayed in a small font. The numbers are, in order from top to bottom:
1. Total Z
2. Z angle
3. Resistance
4. Reactance
5. Capacitance/Inductance (see para. 3.12.5.1 )

3.12.6.2 SWR Mode

There a 4 numbers displayed in a small font. The numbers are, in order from top to bottom:
1. SWR
2. Return loss
3. S11 magnitude
4. S11 angle

3.12.7 CW Mode
When in CW mode, all relevant information is displayed with large font numbers.

13
4 Applications and Measurement Examples
4.1 Make a ½ wavelength coaxial line
To make a coaxial line that is tuned to one half wavelength:
1. Start with a piece of coax that is slightly longer (about 5 to 10%) than calculated. The
formula for a ½ wave cable is:
L = 491(vf) / fr where
L = length in feet
vf = velocity factor (usually between .6 and .9)
fr = frequency.
2. Connect one end of coax to VIA Bravo! (preferably using a coaxial connector), the other
end is left open. Set the VIA Bravo! center frequency to the desired ½ wave frequency.
There should be an impedance peak (and a zero phase crossing) slightly to the left of
the center frequency. The zero phase crossing should go from upper left to lower right.
Use wire cutters to snip off small pieces of the coax from the unconnected end. Every
time a piece is removed, the zero phase crossing should move to the right. When the
zero phase crossing reaches the center frequency, the coax is at ½ wave length.
3. Alternate method: Far end of coax is shorted. Look for zero phase crossing from lower
left to upper right. Impedance will be very low. This method is less preferred, as the
coax must be re-shorted after every snip.

4.2 Make a ¼ wavelength coaxial line

To make a coaxial line that is tuned to one half wavelength:
1. Start with a piece of coax that is slightly longer (about 5 to 10%) than calculated. The
formula for a ½ wave cable is:
L = 245.5(vf) / fr where
L = length in feet
vf = velocity factor (usually between .6 and .9)
fr = frequency.
2. Connect one end of coax to VIA Bravo! (preferably using a coaxial connector), the other
end is left open. Set the VIA Bravo! center frequency to the desired 1/4 wave frequency.
There should be a low impedance and a zero phase crossing slightly to the left of the
center frequency. The zero phase crossing should go from lower left to upper right. Use
wire cutters to snip off small pieces of the coax from the unconnected end. Every time a
piece is removed, the zero phase crossing should move to the right. When the zero
phase crossing reaches the center frequency, the coax is at 1/4 wave length.
3. Alternate method: Tune the VIA Bravo! to twice the ¼ wave frequency, and look for the
zero phase crossing (upper left to lower right).

14
4.3 Load Couples into Power Line
Occasionally, an antenna will strongly couple into nearby power lines (e.g. a long wire
antenna in the attic). When this occurs, the plot lines may be “thicker” and the readings will
shift around a lot. There are two methods to eliminate this effect
1. Power the VIA Bravo! from batteries. The wall power pack must be unplugged from the
VIA Bravo! power jack to do this.
2. Connect the ground sleeve of the coaxial connector to an earth ground.
If the above methods do not clear up the plots, there is most likely an interfering signal
causing the problem.

4.4 Tune an antenna to resonance

To tune an antenna to resonance, set the VIA Bravo! center frequency to the desired
resonant frequency. Connect the VIA Bravo! to the antenna. Using the adjustment provided
by the antenna manufacturer, tune the antenna for a zero phase crossing at the VIA Bravo!
center frequency. The tuning adjustment could be one of several methods, and should be
mentioned in the instructions for the antenna.

4.5 Measure the length of a coax

To measure the length in terms of feet-inches-millimeters, refer to paragraph 3.8.4.3. To
find the length in degrees (at some frequency) set the instrument mode to SWR and one of
the plottypes to Reflection coefficient angle (see paragraphs 3.8.4.2 and 3.9.1.2.4). Set the
VIA Bravo! center frequency to the frequency of interest. Note the RCA reading. By
adjusting the sweep width to the widest, and stepping through a number of center frequency
values, determine how many positive to negative zero crossings there are below the
frequency of interest. The length in degrees is:
L = (180)(number of zero crossings) + modified RCA
Calculate the modified RCA using this algorithm: if the RCA is positive then subtract off
360 from RCA (if RCA is negative, don’t subtract anything). Now multiply the new RCA by
negative ½. The result will be a number between 0 and +180.
To convert the length to wavelengths, divide L by 360.

EXAMPLE:
I have chosen 14.200 MHz as this is where I want to tune one of my antennas. We want to
measure a coax that disappears into a wall panel and comes out at the roof egress box, so we do
not know it’s actual length. We have reason to believe that the velocity factor of this coax is the
standard .66, but this in not really important since this calculation is based, already, on
measurements with velocity incorporated. To give the measurement in feet would require Vf .

By stepping through several sweep widths and center frequencies I have determined that there
are only 2 positive-to-negative zero crossings and the RCA value is – 46 degrees. Using the
formula from above we start with multiplying 180 times 2 (crossings)= 360. Since the RCA is
already negative, we do not need to subtract out 360 from our number of –43. The Mod-RCA
number is = -46 times –1/2, or +23. To finish out the calculation we add the first half of 360 to the
Mod-RCA of 23 to get 383 degrees.

To get wavelengths we divide by 360 to get 1.0639.

To convert to feet we do the following:

Divide 982.08 by 14.3 (MHz) = 68.677Ft. (wavelength in air), times Vf (.66) = 45. 327 ft (in coax).
Multiply our L of 1.0639 times 45.327 = 48.223 Ft or just over 48 Feet 2 1/2 inches. The plans
called for 1 ½ wavelengths, so I think we have a problem to look for.

15
5 Operation with the VIA Director Software
The VIA-RTD software has its own manual on the CD. This manual is loaded to the hard
drive when you install the program on your computer. Connect the VIA Bravo! to the PC with
an AEA serial cable (PN 0070-1201) or extra long cable(PN0070-1215). Be sure that the bit
rate of the serial port matches the setting selected on the VIA Bravo! unit.

The RTD software will NOT AUTO-LOAD from the CD. To install, RUN the SETUP.exe
file in the Software directory.

If you are updating your software from a previous version, you must UN-INSTALL the
older version before installing the newer. To UN-INSTALL, follow this sequence: Click on
START, CONTROL PANEL, ADD / REMOVE PROGRAMS. Find the listing for VIA-RTD
down near the bottom of the list and left-click on it. Follow the directions as posted by the
operating system. Once this is done you can install the new version.

NOTE! When the Smith Chart was added, all previous version PLOT files are unusable
to the new version due to a totally different data structure. Therefore, if you have important
files that you must access in the future, you should keep the old version. This means that
you must save the new version into a different directory than what is suggested by the
software setup program. Your registration information will work on both versions. You can
rename the shortcut to the second version “RTD-Smith”.

Remember to save your REGISTRATION INFORMATION in a safe place.

Registration is accomplished by left clicking on the open program HELP menu tab and
clicking on REGISTRATION. Enter the Registration Name and Number as provided on your
CD package and hit ENTER. This is CASE SENSITIVE, so be sure to type it in exactly as
listed on your documentation. The upper left corner of the title box should now say
“Registered to (your registration name). You need to do this within 15 minutes of starting the
software, or you will get a note stating that the DEMO PERIOD IS OVER. If this happens to
you - Do NOT hit the OK button! Click on the HELP menu tab and register. The Box will go
away.

Once you have the software up and running you will notice that there is a new menu item
labeled SMITH CHART. For those of you unfamiliar with the Smith Chart, it is a means by
which to graphically represent a lot of data simultaneously. To describe, in depth, the
workings of the Smith Chart would require a whole book. Many have written such texts and
they are available where ever you buy your technical texts. There is a partial list of links at
the bottom of this page. How ever, a quick overview is in order here.

You will notice that the Smith Chart is divided horizontally by a straight line. The ONLY
straight line in the whole chart. This is the RESISTANCE (R) line. Any plot points that are on
this line have only pure resistance, Zero Ohms to the far left and Infinity Ohms to the far right.
The very center is marked as “1”, representing the characteristic IMPEDANCE of the circuit
being tested, usually 50 Ohms. This is the NORMALIZED IMPEDANCE point.
Any plot points above the R line have INDUCTANCE as well as RESISTANCE and have
positive Phase Angle and REACTANCE (X) values. Any points below the R line have
CAPACITANCE and RESISTANCE and have negative Phase and X values. If you need
further information, please consult one of the many texts available on this subject.

REFERENCE : http://www.web-ee.com/primers/files/SmithCharts/smith_charts.htm

16
6 Care and Maintenance
6.1 Operating Precautions
Although the VIA Bravo! is a rugged instrument, care should be taken to avoid exposing it
to excessive external RF (either from a nearby transmitting site or from your own installation).
Before attaching the VIA Bravo! to an antenna, it's a good practice to briefly ground the
feed line in order to allow any accumulated static charge(s) to dissipate.
When adjustments to an antenna are complete, disconnect the VIA Bravo! from the feed
line in order to avoid damage from lightning strikes.

6.2 External DC Power

If you wish to power the VIA Bravo! from an external DC source (other than the AEA AC-
1), ensure that it meets the requirements of 9.1.4.3.1.

6.3 Batteries
For optimal performance in the field, the VIA Bravo! should be powered by eight "AA"
Alkaline or NiMH batteries.
While NiCad batteries may be used, there will be some degradation in backlight
performance.
Whenever you recharge NiCad or NiMH batteries, it will be necessary to remove the
batteries from the unit and use an external charger. Be sure that the charger is compatible
with the battery type you are using.
If the VIA Bravo! is to be stored for more than 30 days, the batteries should be removed
in order to avoid leakage.

6.4 Cleaning
Under ordinary operating conditions, it should only be necessary to occasionally wipe the
VIA Bravo! with a soft, water moistened cloth. Avoid using solvents which may attack the
plastic.

17
7 Limited Warranty
AEA Technology, Inc., warrants to the original purchaser that the VIA Bravo Analyzer
shall be free from defects in material or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of
shipment. All units returned to the factory, delivery charges prepaid, and deemed defective
under this warranty, will be replaced or repaired at this company’s option. No other warranties
are implied, nor will responsibility for operation of this instrument be assumed by AEA
Technology, Inc.

18
8 In Case of Trouble
Some problems may be identified and solved by the operator. More
involved problems will require factory service. To try to solve a problem
yourself, refer to the chart below:

Symptom Possible cause Refer to paragraph

On power up, I hear Display contrast setting 3.8.2, 8.1, 8.1.2
relays click but there is
no visible display
On power up, I hear no Power source or batteries 6.2, 6.3, 3.5, 8.2, if
relays click nor do I get a available, try a second
display power pack.
On power up, I see a Illegal instrument state 3.5 (hold ENTER key)
display, but there
appears to be no activity
The display fills with a Bad power on condition 8.1.3
faint blue rectangle and
nothing else happens
Unit gives bad readings Cable nulling function is 3.12
in wrong state

8.1 Contrast
8.1.1 Environment and Contrast
Occasionally, changes in temperature or ambient light conditions may
necessitate adjustment of the display contrast. Instructions may be found in
section 3.8.2.

8.1.2 Power on Preset Value if Contrast Was Lost

If the contrast has dropped so you cannot see the display then you can try
the following procedure. If you should accidentally push the wrong key, you
will have to restart the procedure.
Turn off unit, if there is a faint blue rectangle filling up most if the display
then check paragraph 8.1.3
Hold the ENTER key while you press the ON key. Wait a few seconds
while the relays finish their activity.
Press the F2 key.
Press the ENTER key.
Press and hold either the FREQ up key or the WIDTH up key. A usable
display should soon appear.

19
8.1.3 Power Induced Failure
Application of power with poor start up characteristics can cause the
internal controller to malfunction. This is not actually a contrast problem, but
the faint blue display is a symptom of the power start up malfunction. You
need to remove power for about 5 seconds, then restart the unit. If there are
no batteries installed, just unplug the power pack. If batteries are installed,
the battery power must be interrupted using one of two methods:
1. Remove battery cover, then remove at least one battery. Replace
battery after 5 seconds, then replace cover.
2. Plug power pack into unit, but do not plug the power pack into the
wall. If you are using wall power, plug the power pack into the wall
after 5 seconds. If you are using battery power, unplug the power
pack from the VIA Bravo! unit.
The faint blue rectangle should be gone. After the power has been
removed for 5 seconds, you may press the ON key to restart the unit.
If this is a recurring problem, you should investigate your power source,
i.e. weak batteries, poor wall power, damaged power pack, etc.

8.2 Batteries
Install a fresh set of "AA" batteries; or (if possible) observe the operation
of the VIA Bravo! while switching back and forth between battery power
and and external DC supply (refer to Section 0).

8.3 Serial Port

Ensure that your cabling and communication software is configured in
accordance with the specification in Section 9.1.4.2.
VIA-RTD Users: Verify that your Software and Computer settings
conform with the specifications in Section 9.1.4.2.
Terminal Users: Verify that you are observing the protocols
specified in Sections Error! Reference source not found. and 9.3.

8.4 Other Problems

Contact Us
If you have any questions concerning instrument maintenance, cleaning, care, or before
making any return, warranty or out-of-warranty for an operational issue, material defect, or
routine calibration, please contact AEA Technology first. Our trained staff can and do resolve
most issues and get our customers operating again over the phone or by email.
Please contact AEA Technology at 1-800-258-7805 US & Canada or +1-760- 931-8979, M-F
7:00am – 4:00pm Pacific Time or by email at techsupport@aeatechnology.com.

20
Instrument Return Instructions
Return Material Authorization (RMA) Number

If after contacting AEA Technology’s Technical Support it is determined your

instrument needs to return to calibration or repair, we need to issue an RMA
number to include on the package addressing. The RMA number will tell
everyone at AEA Technology handling your instrument exactly what to do, who to
contact about repair costs, and who to return the instrument to when repairs are
completed. It makes the entire process go smoothly and efficiently.

Be sure to include your RMA number with the return address (shown on
the back of this manual).

21
9 Appendices
9.1 VIA Bravo! XF Specifications
9.1.1 Output Characteristics
9.1.1.1 Frequency Range
From 100 KHz to 200MHz

9.1.1.2 Sweep Width

Min: Less than +/- 1.0% of center frequency
Max: 25.6MHz or 32 MHz (for 80 or 100 point graphs)
For center frequencies >51.6MHz (80 points) or 64.4MHz (100 points) the
maximum sweep widths are 51.2 MHz and 64MHz respectively.

9.1.1.3 Tuning Resolution

Less than 0.0025% of center frequency

9.1.1.4 Output level

+5 dBm typical

9.1.1.5 RF Connector
N type receptacle. BNC type receptacle optional.

9.1.1.6 Output Impedance

50 ohms nominal. VSWR typically better than 1.2:1. Operates with non
50 ohm systems.

9.1.1.7 Output Distortion

Harmonic distortion <30dB for 25MHz or less, <15 db for 100MHz or less,
<10 dB for 200MHZ or less.

9.1.1.8 Phase Noise

Better than -75dBC @ 10KHz offset for 25 MHz or less. Better than -
65dBC @ 10KHz offset for higher frequencies.

9.1.2 Measurement Specifications

9.1.2.1 Impedance Range
10 to 2000 ohms

9.1.2.2 Impedance Formats

Resistance, Reactance, Total Z, Z angle, SWR, Return loss, S11 vector

22
9.1.2.3 Accuracy
9.1.2.3.1 Impedance
The accuracy varies as a function of the load.
+/- 1 ohm at 10 ohm load
+/- 1.5 ohms at 50 ohm load
+/- 4 ohm at 100 ohm load
+/- 35 ohms at 500 ohm load (freq < 75MHz)
+/- 35 ohms at 300 ohm load (freq >= 75MHz)
Indication only above 500 ohms load (freq < 75MHz)
Indication only above 300 ohms load (freq >=75MHz)

9.1.2.3.2 Phase
+/- 5 degrees below 50MHz.
+/-frequency(MHz)/10 above 50MHz.

9.1.2.4 Spectrum Analyzer

This spectrum analyzer has no RF filtering, and can display image signals as well
as actual signals. The IF BW filter has sidelobes that show on the displayed
spectrum.

9.1.2.4.1 Range
50 dB

9.1.2.4.2 Reference level

+10dBm

9.1.2.4.3 Accuracy
+/- 5 dB <50MHz, not specified above 50 MHz.

9.1.3 Display Characteristics

64 by 128 pixel Super twist LCD.
Graph area: 81 by 57 pixels or 101 by 57 pixels
Character height: 2.5 mm standard, 7.5mm for large format

9.1.3.1 Plotting Ranges

Resistance: 0 to100, 200, 500, 1K, 2K ohms
Reactance: Same as resistance but +/- (+/-100 etc)
Total Z: Same as resistance
Z angle: +/-15, +/-45, +/-90 degrees
SWR: 1 to 3, 6, 11 (no units)
Return Loss: 0 to 20, 50, 90 dB
S11 Magnitude: 0 to 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 (no units)
S11 angle: +/-15, +/-45, +/-90, +/-180 degrees

23
9.1.3.2 Graphing Formats
All graphs are X-Y format
Select one or two plot curves
Left axis plots with thin line
Right axis plots with hashed line
X axis is 81 or 101 points wide

9.1.3.3 Plotting Rate

Approximately 1 sweep per second.
In CW mode, several updates per second.

9.1.4 Miscellaneous Specifications

9.1.4.1 Non Volatile Memory

24 total user definable memory slots.
Slots 1 to 16 store instrument preset values only.
Slots 17 to 24 store presets and plot data.

9.1.4.2 Serial Port

The serial port allows a PC or other terminal to control and read the VIA
Bravo! unit. Use of VIA Director Software is highly recommended. Connect
VIA Bravo! to PC with DB9F to 1/8 inch stereo plug serial port cable AEA PN
0070-1201.

9.1.4.2.1 Serial Bit Rates

Bit Rate selectable: 4800, 9600, 19200, 28800, 57600

9.1.4.2.2 Data Format

Data type 8 bit, no parity, and 1 stop bit, with XON/XOFF handshake

9.1.4.2.3 Connector type

Serial input is a 1/8 inch stereo jack. Tip = RD (from VIA Bravo! to PC),
Ring = TD (from PC to VIA Bravo!), Common=ground

9.1.4.3 Power Requirements

The VIA Bravo! may be battery or wall powered. Use of the AEA wall
power pack (PN 5001-0201) is recommended when using wall power.

9.1.4.3.1 DC input (Power jack)

Min 10 VDC (450 ma)
Typical 14VDC (250ma)
Max 20VDC (250 ma)
Note: Back light performance is impaired when input is below 12VDC
Positive polarity is applied to the center pin of the power jack for proper
operation.
2.1 mm center pin DC power connector.

24
9.1.5 Battery Power
8 AA cells, alkaline preferred.
8 AA NiMH, must be charged in external charger.
8 AA NiCad usable with impaired backlight performance.

9.1.6 Absolute Maximum Ratings

9.1.6.1 RF Input (RF jack)
+10dBm Max
+/- 16VDC Max

9.1.6.2 DC Input (power jack)

+/- 20VDC Maximum

9.1.6.3 Serial Port Input

Max applied voltage on Ring (TD) +/- 20 VDC
Max applied voltage on Tip (RD) +/- 10 VDC

9.1.7 Size
8.5 x 4.3 x 2.25 inches

25
9.2 Menu Chart
9.2.1 Function Key Operations
1st level
Function Key menu 2nd level menu 3rd level menu

F1 Help Page

Off, 10, 20, 50

Backlight sweeps, or
Time/Intensity continuous, plus 16
brightness levels

Display
16 levels
Contrast
4 Volume levels plus
Audio Options 3 modes: on, off,
readout
4 modes: CW/sweep
F2 VIA
with or w/o cable null
Unit
Properties 4 modes: CW/sweep
SWR
with or w/o cable null

Instrument
Cable tester open or short
mode

Spectrum Analyzer

CW Generator

Battery Saver On or Off

Z, A, R, X (VIA) or
First Plot SWR,RL,S11,S11A or
none
Z, A, R, X (VIA) or
Second Plot SWR,RL,S11,S11A or
none
F3
Axis Selection RLC Model Series or parallel

Plot Width 80 or 100 points

Big Freq
On or Off
Display

26
 F4 Scales
Grid lines 1, 3, or 5
and Legends
+/- deltaF or
X axis Lable
absolute frequency
Scale choices vary
Plot 1 Scale
with plot selectiion
Scale choices vary
Plot 2 scale
with plot selectiion
Z scales: 100, 200, 500, 1K, and 2K Z angle scales: +/-15, +/-45, +/-90
Resistance scales: same choices as Z, Reactance scales: +/- same choices as
Z
SWR scales: 3, 6, 11 Return Loss scales: 20, 50, 90 dB S11 mag scales:
same choices as Z, S11 angle scales: same choices as Z angle plus +/- 180

Save Enter 1 to 24 Enter memory name

Recall Enter 1 to 24

Alpha-numeric entry
Plot Name
up to 12 chars
Numeric Entry
F5 Memory Z0 routine with limit
and checks
Miscellaneous Cable Numeric Entry
Properties VF routine with limit
checks
Exit
Comm port 4800, 9600, 19200,
baud 28800, 52600
Self rest results and
self test
keypad tester

27
9.2.2 Non Function Key Operations
First Action Final Action Result
Enter New center frequency
New step size and center frequency
Freq up
incremented
Numeric entry New step size and center frequency
Freq down
decremented
Width up or
New sweep width
down
Freq up - Center frequency incremented by step size
Freq down - Center frequency decremented by step size
Width up - Sweep width doubled
Width down - Sweep width halved
Freq up or Move cursor across plot and view plot values at
Exam/Plot
down the cursor frequency

28
9.3 Serial Port Command and Control
The VIA Bravo! serial port sends and receives strings of ASCII characters.
These strings usually contain several pieces of information. Each piece of
information has a letter prefix to identify the information that immediately
follows. This information is usually a number in ASCII format. Decimal points
are not sent, the decimal position is inferred by the prefix letter. The end of a
piece of information (such as a number) is denoted by the prefix letter of the
next piece of information. At the end of the command (or response) string, an
End Of String (EOS) marker is appended. This EOS marker pushes the last
piece of information through the software routines. Some commands do not
require the EOS marker. The VIA Bravo! unit sends an EOS marker in
response to a command. If the VIA Bravo! doesn’t understand the command,
no EOS response occurs. The ASCII char ‘*’ (ASCII 0x2a) is used as the
EOS marker. The VIA Bravo! unit appends the EOS character to the end of
any response.

The commands to the VIA Bravo! unit fall into two major categories;
1. Data request
2. Unit setup
These commands and the unit’s responses can be controlled or read via
the Director software or by any terminal program running on a PC. The
controller unit that communicates with the VIA Bravo! unit will be referred to
as the Terminal throughout this document.

9.3.1 Data Requests

The data requests are short commands that receive a fairly large block of
data from the unit. This data can be one of several formats, as selected in
the unit setup. These formats are:
Impedance magnitude and angle.
Resistance and reactance
SWR and return loss
Reflection coefficient magnitude and angle
For fastest throughput, set the unit into R-X mode (D101) and perform
calculations to other formats in the Terminal software.
The contents of save memory locations can be loaded into the terminal. All save
memory locations contain the instrument settings of the VIA Bravo! unit, while
only some of the locations contain saved data.
Also the entire unit setup data can be extracted in a fixed format block.

9.3.1.1 Data Request Commands

9.3.1.1.1 R
Send a block of measured data (data dump). The response is dependent
upon the type of data being sent out of the unit. The type of data may be set
by one of the setup commands (S100) or is determined by the left plot on the
unit. This command requires no EOS marker, but one may be sent if desired.

29
9.3.1.1.2 Q
Send the Q calculation result. The number send must be divided by 10 to
get the correct result. This command only operates in the SWR mode. . No
EOS marker is required if, but one may be sent if desired.

9.3.1.1.3 D
Send the distance reading in millimeters. This command only operates
when the VIA Bravo! unit is in the cable analyzer mode. . No EOS marker is
required, but one may be sent if desired.

9.3.1.1.4 Mxx
Read the data stored in memory location xx. The EEPROM memory
location contains the unit setup info, and sometimes the plot from a single
sweep saved by the user. The maximum value of xx depends on the unit
version, and can be obtained using the S000 command. The number sent for
xx should always be a 2 digit number, for values less than 10 a leading zero
is required.
Location 00, last configuration used/power up default.
Locations 01 to 16, user defined instrument presets, no data.
Locations 17 to 24: presets and plot data.
This command requires no EOS marker, but one may be sent if desired.

9.3.1.1.5 S000
Read the unit’s current setup. The entire setup is read in a fixed format
block of data. This command requires no EOS marker, but one may be sent
if desired.

9.3.1.2 Data Request Responses

9.3.1.2.1 Measured Data Response (R)
The unit response to an ‘R’ command will send a common header
followed by a block of data, the contents of the data are determined by the
instrument state established by the keypad or previous setup commands.
The information sent in the header is shown in the first column of the table.
The header and data are sent in one continuous string, but they are divided
up in the tables for clarity. The numbers sent will always be integers (0 to
very large) and do not contain decimal points or commas.

30
 Measured Data Header Table
Characters Range of Meaning Notes
Sent x...x
Fx…x 100,000 to Center frequency in These numbers depend on
200,000,000 Hz the version
Wx…x 0 to Sweep width in Hz Max width depends on plot
51.2MHz or width of 80 or 100 points
64MHz
Nx…x 1 to 200 Number of data points Data sent in pairs (Z,A or
R,X etc) count as one data
point
Dxxx 101 to 104 Data format See D in unit setup
command. Defines the type
of data to follow
Measured Data Formats
Characters Range of Range of Meaning Notes
Sent x...x y...y
Rx..xXy..y 0 to -32,768 to R = 10x ohms insert ‘.’ Before last digit.
32,767 32,767 X = 10x j ohms Resist. & React. D = 101.
Zx..xAy..y 0 to -899 to Z = 10x ohms insert ‘.’ Before last digit.
32,767 899 A =10x degrees Total Z & Z angle D=102.
Vx..xLy..y 100 to 0 to V = 100x insert ‘.’ Before last 2
10,000 10,000 (V)SWR digits. VSR & Rtn Loss
D=103
L=100xRtn loss
dB
Mx..xDy..y 0 to 100 0 to 3600 M = 100x RC Reflection coefficient or
mag. Smith Chart vector, insert
‘.’ in appropriate place
D = 10x RC D=104
angle

9.3.1.2.2 Q
Returns the letter Q with a number equal to 10 times the calculated Q value. The
last character sent is the EOS marker

9.3.1.2.3 D
Returns the letter D with a number equal to the measured length in millimeters.
The last character is the EOS marker.

31
9.3.1.2.4 Memory Read Response (Mxx)
Sends the data stored in memory location xx. The EEPROM memory
location contains the unit setup info, and sometimes has plot data from a
single sweep saved by the user. The response from the unit is shown in the
table below. Note that the response string is contained in the first column,
and is sent as a continuous string. The string has been subdivided in the
table for clarity. The format of the setup data is identical to the S000
response but with an S001 header instead of S000. The string of measured
data follows the setup data. The format of the measured data is always
resistance and reactance (D101- see measured data response above). This
command sends the entire contents of the memory location; the software
must determine the valid data points from the setup data (lower and upper
valid data indices). Data that is not valid is garbage and should be tossed
out.

Memory Read Response Table

Characters Range of Meaning Notes
Received x…x
Mxx 1 to Header allows software Memmax can be found with
Memmax to verify response S000 command
S001 State of the unit when Format is identical to S000
(plus the data was saved to response (w/S001 header
instead of S000)
Setup memory.
data)
(measured various Data stored in memory This data string uses the
data RX format. This portion of
the response only occurs if
string) xx is between 17 and
Memmax.

9.3.2 Unit Setup

There are several pieces of information that can configure the VIA Bravo!
unit. Information such as sweep width, center frequency and data format can
be altered individually. Other setup information must be sent in a block of
data that contains the entire setup information for the unit. This setup
information may be read from the unit (to establish current settings) or sent to
the unit to change the units operation.

32
9.3.2.1 Unit Setup commands

9.3.2.1.1 Fx..x
Set the center frequency, x..x is the center frequency in Hz. Range of
center frequencies depends on version of unit, limits can be determined from
unit setup data. No EOS marker is required if immediately followed with
another command, but one may be sent if desired. If this is the last command
in a string, the EOS marker must be used.

9.3.2.1.2 Wx..x
Set the sweep width, x..x is in Hz. The unit may deviate from this value
due to synthesizer and/or display limitations. The unit sends the actual
sweep width to the Terminal software in the header block that precedes the
block of measured data (i.e. request measured data or unit setup data to get
the unit’s actual sweep width). No EOS marker is required if immediately
followed with another command, but one may be sent if desired. If this is the
last command in a string, the EOS marker must be used.

9.3.2.1.3 Dxxx
When in the VIA or SWR modes this command sets the data format that
the unit sends to the Terminal software. No EOS marker is required, but one
may be sent if desired. See table in Para 9.3.1.2.1 for definition of xxx.

9.3.2.1.4 S100
Set the unit’s configuration. An entire block of configuration data follows
this command. The format of this data block is identical to the unit response
for configuration request (without the S002). No EOS marker is required if
immediately followed with another command, but one may be sent if desired.
If this is the last command in a string, the EOS marker must be used. The
EOS marker, when used, must be placed after the last digit of configuration
data.

9.3.2.2 Setup Data Response

The table details the setup data block. Note that the response (command)
string is contained in the first column, and is sent as a continuous string. The
string has been subdivided in the table for clarity. Most data is prefixed by ‘A’,
thus the order of the data must be followed exactly to keep in sync. The only
exception is that read only data need not be sent in a command (see *
below).
* an asterisk in column A indicates that this data is read only, attempting to
alter this value will do nothing. These read only values (except for lower plot
index and upper plot index) may be omitted when the terminal sends this data
block as a command to the unit. Values for the low and high plot indices must
be sent to stay in sync, even though these values have no effect on the unit’s

33
 setup. These read only values will be sent to the terminal in response to a
S000 or Mxx command.
Setup Data Table
Characters Range of x…x Meaning Notes A
Received
S002 Header denotes unit Toss this out
setup info follows
Fx…x 100,000 to Center frequency in
200,000,000 Hz
Wx…x 0 to 51.2MHz or Sweep width in Hz
64MHz
Dxxx 101 to 104 Data format Overrides plot type if in
conflict.
x=101; R and X
x=102; Z and A
x=103; V and L
x=104; M and D

Ax…x 0 to 4 Instrument mode 0=VIA, 1=SWR, 2=Cable

Tester, 3=Spectrum Ana.,
4=CW Generator
Ax…x 24 Memmax Maximum memory
locations
Ax…x 0 to 200 CW index Factory use *
Ax…x 0 to 50 Lower plot index Equal to 0 except when *
the sweep would try to
extend below the
minimum freq
Ax…x 40 to 100 Upper plot index Usually the same as *
points in a sweep except
when sweep extends
beyond maximum freq
Ax…x 0 to 1 Auto power shutoff 0-disabled, 1-enabled
Ax…x 0 to 3 Calibration Mode 0,1 =sweep; 2,3 =CW
1,3 =Cable null mode
Ax…x 0 to 255 Backlight Intensity& low nibble is intensity
Contrast f =off,e=bright,0=dim
High nibble for contrast
0=light, f=dark
Ax…x 0 to 4 Backlight Timer 0=off, …,4=continuous
Ax…x 1, 3, 5 Horizontal grids
Ax…x 0 to 1 Big Freq Display 0=off; 1=on
Ax…x 0 to 3 Audio Volume 0=soft;…,3=loud
Ax…x 0 to 2 Audio Mode 0=off; 1=on;
2=audio readout
Ax…x 0 to 15 Left plot type 0=Z;1=A;2=R;3=X;
4=RCM;5=RCA;
6=none;7=VSR;8=RL

34
 9=Power (S.A.), 10&up
future use
Ax…x 0 to 15 Right plot type See left above
Ax…x 0 to 1 X axis Label 0=+/- dF; 1= +/- F
Ax…x 0 to 1 Cable test mode 0=open; 1=short
Ax…x 0 to 2,000 Z0, characteristic Z cable Z
Ax…x 0 to 1000 1000x Velocity factor Cable Vf
Ax…x 1 to 100,000 Freq Step Size KHz Freq up/down key
Ax…x 100 to 50,000 Min. width KHz in 100MHz octave *
Ax…x 10,000 to Max. width KHz in 100MHz octave *
200,000
Ax…x 1 to 1000 Min. center freq. KHz *
Ax…x 1000 to 200,000 Max. center freq. KHz *
Ax…x 0 to 199 Lower valid data index Base 0, beginning of valid *
data
Ax…x 1 to 200 Upper valid data index Base 0, end of valid data *
Ax…x# Alphanumeric Memory Name, user up to 12 characters, #char *
defined name for used to denote end of
name
location Mxx

35
9.3.3 Examples

Command Response Notes

R* F15000000W800000N80D101R1 Freq = 15MHz, Width = 800KHz, 80
0000X2000R10010X2100…R10 points (81 actual), Data format = RX
100X2050* 1st pt. 1.0K+j200; 2nd pt.
1.001K+j210 …
R F15000000W800000N80D101R1 Note that the data dump response
0000X2000R10010X2100…R10 always has an EOS marker whether
100X2050* * follows R command or not.
M01 M01S001F200000W4000A0A24 Read Save memory 1, Freq=200K,
…A50000* Width=4KHz, Instrument mode =
VIA; Memory slots = 24, … Max
center freq=50MHz
S000 S002F500000W32000A1A5…A2 VIA Bravo!’s current settings:
00000* Freq=500K, Width=32KHz,
Instrument mode = SWR; Freq
step=5KHz, … Max center
freq=200MHz
F5000000* * Center freq = 5MHz
W800000* * Sweep width = 800KHz
D102 * Set unit to return total Z and Z angle
Q* Q345* Q is 34.5
D* D8514* Distance is 8514 mm

Command Response Notes

S100F1000000….A660* * Send unit setup data. The
cable velocity factor is 0.660
and the optional read only
data was not sent.
F5000000W800000* * Center freq = 5MHz
Sweep width = 800KHz

36
9.4 ASCII Table
0 Null 32 Space 64 @ 96 `
1 33 ! 65 A 97 a
2 34 " 66 B 98 b
3 35 # 67 C 99 c
4 36 $ 68 D 100 d
5 37 % 69 E 101 e
6 38 & 70 F 102 f
7 39 ' 71 G 103 g
8 40 ( 72 H 104 h
9 41 ) 73 I 105 i
10 42 * 74 J 106 j
11 43 + 75 K 107 k
12 44 , 76 L 108 l
13 45 - 77 M 109 m
14 46 . 78 N 110 n
15 47 / 79 O 111 o
16 48 0 80 P 112 p
17 XOFF 49 1 81 Q 113 q
18 50 2 82 R 114 r
19 XON 51 3 83 S 115 s
20 52 4 84 T 116 t
21 53 5 85 U 117 u
22 54 6 86 V 118 v
23 55 7 87 W 119 w
24 56 8 88 X 120 x
25 57 9 89 Y 121 y
26 58 : 90 Z 122 z
27 59 ; 91 [ 123 {
28 60 < 92 \ 124 |
29 61 = 93 ] 125 }
30 62 > 94 ^ 126 ~
31 63 ? 95 _ 127
Characters 0 to 31 are not used by VIA Bravo! except for XON/XOFF
Lower case letters are not used by VIA Bravo!

37
9.5 Coaxial Cable Reference Table
Coax Part # Characteristic Z Velocity factor %
10base2 9907 52 80
10base5 9880 52 78
FSJ150A 52 84
FSJ1-75 73 78
FSJ4-50B 52 81
FSJ4-75A 73 81
FT4-50 52 85
HJ4-50 52 91
HT4-50 52 92
HJ4.5-50 52 92
HJ5-50 52 92
HT5-50 52 93
HJ5-75 73 90
HJ7-50 52 92
HJ8-50 52 93
HJ9-50 52 93
HJ11-50 52 92
HJ12-50 52 93
LDF2-50 52 88
LDF4-50 52 88
LDF4-75 73 88
RG-6/U 9116 73 82
RG-6A/U 8215 73 78
RG-8/U 8214 52 78
RG-8/U 8237 52 66
RG-8/U 9913 52 84
RG-8/U 9914 52 78
RG-8A/U 9251 52 66
RG-8/X 9258 52 78
RG-9/U 8242 52 66
RG-11/U 8213 73 78
RG-11/U 8238 73 66
RG-11A/U 8261 73 66
RG-11/U 9011 73 82
RG-58 9203 52 66
RG-58/U 8240 52 66
RG-58A/U 8219 52 78
RG-58A/U 8259 52 66
RG-59 9204 73 66
RG-59/U 8241 73 66
RG-59/U 8241F 73 78
RG-62 9862 93 84

38
RG-62A/U 9269 93 84
RG-58B/U 825 93 84
RG-63 9857 122 84
RG-71 9169 93 84
RG-122/U 9252 52 66
RG-141A/U 52 70
RG-142 52 70
RG-142B/U 52 70
RG-174/U 8216 52 66
RG-178B/U 52 70
RG-179 83264 73 70
RG-180 83266 93 70
RG-187A/U 73 70
RG-188A/U 52 70
RG-212/U 9861 52 66
RG-213/U 8267 52 66
RG-214/U 8268 52 66
RG-216 9850 73 66
RG-223/U 9273 52 66
RG-303 84303 52 70
RG-316 84316 52 70
RG-316/U 83284 52 70
RG-402/U 1673A 52 70
RG-405/U 1671A 52 70

39
Notes:
Notes:
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