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    Lab 2

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    GENERATION OF UNIT IMPULSE SEQUENCE, GENERATION OF UNIT STEP SEQUENCE, GENERATION OF EXPONENTIAL SEQUENCE, Complex exponential sequence

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    Lab 2

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    GENERATION OF UNIT IMPULSE SEQUENCE, GENERATION OF UNIT STEP SEQUENCE, GENERATION OF EXPONENTIAL SEQUENCE, Complex exponential sequence

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    LAB_2

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    GENERATION OF UNIT IMPULSE SEQUENCE, GENERATION OF UNIT STEP SEQUENCE, GENERATION OF EXPONENTIAL SEQUENCE, Complex exponential sequence

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    31 views5 pages

    Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    SR
    GENERATION OF UNIT IMPULSE SEQUENCE, GENERATION OF UNIT STEP SEQUENCE, GENERATION OF EXPONENTIAL SEQUENCE, Complex exponential sequence

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    University of Technology and Engineering Mardan

    Department of Telecommunications Engineering


    Digital Signal Processing (Lab)

    LAB REPORT #02

    NAME: SARDAR REZAYEE


    REG#: 20MDTLE174
    Submitted to: Engr.Rizvanullah
    GENERATION OF BASIC SIGNALS IN MATLAB

    Objectives:
    • To learn how to generate some basic discrete-time signals in MATLAB and perform
    elementary operations on them.
    • To learn the application of some basic MATLAB commands [cos, exp, imag, real, plot, grid,
    axis, stem, legend] and how to apply them in simple digital signal processing problems
    Introduction
    Digital signal processing is concerned with the processing of a discrete-time signal, called
    the input signal, to develop another discrete-time signal, called the output signal, with more
    desirable properties. In certain applications, it may be necessary to extract some key properties of
    the original signal using specific digital signal processing algorithms. It is also possible to investigate
    the properties of a discrete-time system by observing the output signals for specific input signals.
    GENERATION OF UNIT IMPULSE SEQUENCE
    We know the properties of unit impulse, it has an Amplitude of 1 at point 0 and it’s zero
    everywhere else.
    1- Declare the overall length of the workspace
    2- Write down the commands for unit impulse

    clf;
    close all;
    clear all;
    % GENERATION OF UNIT IMPULSE
    % u = [1 zeros(1,N-1)] >>N:6

    n = -10:20;
    u = [zeros(1,10) 1 zeros(1,20)];
    subplot(3,1,1);
    stem(n,u,'k');
    grid on;
    title('Unit Impulse');
    axis([-10 20 0 1.2]);

    3- We can also delay it (by 10 units)

    clf;
    close all;
    clear all;
    % Delay it by M=2 units => ud=[zeros(1,M) 1 zeros(1,N-M-1)]
    ud = [zeros(1,20) 1 zeros(1,10)];
    subplot(3,1,2);
    stem(n,ud,'r');
    grid on;
    title('Unit Impulse');
    axis([-10 20 0 1.2]);

    in the two programs above, we have used the command stem which is used to plot a
    function in discrete-time domain and the command axis which is used to Set axis limits
    and aspect ratios.
    ▪ ADVANCEINING the sequence by 10 units:

    n=-10:20;
    ua=[zeros(1,5) 1 zeros(1,25)];
    subplot(3,1,3);
    stem(ua,'r');
    grid on;
    title('Unit Impulse ADVANCED);
    axis([-10 30 0 1.2]);

    GENERATION OF UNIT STEP SEQUENCE

    Unit step is a sequence which has an amplitude of 1 for 0 and any value greater
    than 0.
    1- Declare the overall length
    2- Type down the unit step codes.

    clf;
    n = -10:20;
    s = [zeros(1,10) 1 ones(1,10)];
    subplot(2,1,1);
    stem(n,s,'b');
    grid on;
    title('Unit_STEP');
    axis([-10 20 0 1.2]);
    - Delaying the sequence by 10 units:

    n = -10:20;
    sd = [zeros(1,20) 1 ones(1,10)]
    subplot(2,1,2);
    stem(n,sd,'k');
    title('Delayed Unit STEP');
    axis([-10 20 0 1.2]);

    - Advancing the sequence by 10 units:

    n = -10:20;
    sd = [zeros(1,0) 1 ones(1,30)]
    subplot(3,1,3);
    stem(n,sd,'r');
    title('ADVANCED Unit STEP');
    axis([-10 20 0 1.2]);

    GENERATION OF EXPONENTIAL SEQUENCE


    Another basic discrete-time sequence is the exponential sequence. Such a sequence
    can be generated using the MATLAB operators .^ and exp .

    There are two types of exponential sequences, Real Exponential sequence, and Complex
    Exponential sequence .

    The real exponential sequence is as of below form:

    𝑋 = 𝐾 × 𝑎. ^𝑛

    The required codes for generation of the real exponential sequence is as following:
    clc;
    clear all;
    close all;
    n = 0:35;
    a = 0.9;
    k = 2;
    x = k*a.^+n;
    stem(n,x);
    xlabel('Time Index n');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('Real Exponential Sequence')

    ➢ The sequence will decrease exponentially if 0 < a <1.


    - The closer a is to 1 the less steep will be the decrease rate.
    ➢ The sequence will increase exponentially if 1 < a < ∞.
    -
    - The larger the value of a the steeper will be the increase rate.

    a = 1.1 a=2

    a = -0.9
    a = -1.3

    The Complex exponential sequence is as of below form:

    clc;
    clear all;
    close all;
    c = -(1/12)+(pi/6)*i;
    k = 2;
    n = 0:40;
    x = k*exp(c*n);
    subplot(2,1,1);
    stem(n,real(x));
    xlabel('Time index n');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('Real part');
    subplot(2,1,2);
    stem(n,imag(x));
    xlabel('Time index n');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('imaginary part');

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