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    1935 - Dictionary of American Vol. 16 p.240

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    Carlos
    Russell was a religious leader who founded the Bible Student movement, now known as Jehovah's Witnesses. He published religious magazines and books that reached millions of readers. His teachings centered around the belief that Christ's invisible return began in 1874 and the world had entered a transitional period towards a messianic kingdom on Earth. Russell traveled extensively, establishing over 1200 congregations worldwide before his death in 1916.

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    1935 - Dictionary of American Vol. 16 p.240

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    Carlos
    72 views1 page
    Russell was a religious leader who founded the Bible Student movement, now known as Jehovah's Witnesses. He published religious magazines and books that reached millions of readers. His teachings centered around the belief that Christ's invisible return began in 1874 and the world had entered a transitional period towards a messianic kingdom on Earth. Russell traveled extensively, establishing over 1200 congregations worldwide before his death in 1916.

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    Russell was a religious leader who founded the Bible Student movement, now known as Jehovah's Witnesses. He published religious magazines and books that reached millions of readers. His teachings centered around the belief that Christ's invisible return began in 1874 and the world had entered a transitional period towards a messianic kingdom on Earth. Russell traveled extensively, establishing over 1200 congregations worldwide before his death in 1916.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    72 views1 page

    1935 - Dictionary of American Vol. 16 p.240

    Uploaded by

    Carlos
    Russell was a religious leader who founded the Bible Student movement, now known as Jehovah's Witnesses. He published religious magazines and books that reached millions of readers. His teachings centered around the belief that Christ's invisible return began in 1874 and the world had entered a transitional period towards a messianic kingdom on Earth. Russell traveled extensively, establishing over 1200 congregations worldwide before his death in 1916.

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    Russell Russell

    he married Guest Campbell, a widow, in 1803. es throughout the United States and later in
    He had two sons and a daughter. Canada, England, and Europe, until there were
    [The account of Russell's life, with a portrait,
    fullest more than 1200 congregations of which he was
    is in J.T. Buckingham, Specimens of Newspaper Lit- regarded as the pastor. In 1909 his wife, Maria
    erature (1850), vol. II. See also Frederic Hudson,
    Frances Ackley, whom he had married in 1879,
    Journalism in the United States from 1690 to 1872
    (1873) D. A. Goddard, Newspapers and Newspaper
    ;
    brought suit for divorce, alleging immoral con-
    Writers in New England, 1787-18 15 (1880) Francis
    ;
    duct on Russell's part with female members of
    Baylies, Eulogy on the Hon. Benj. Russell (1845);
    the church. The divorce was granted and though
    C. A. Cummings, "The Press and Literature of the
    Last Hundred Years," in Justin Winsor, Memorial appealed five times by Russell was always sus-
    Hist, of Boston, vol. Ill (1881); Joel Munsell, The tained. This unpleasantness led to the transfer
    Typographical Miscellany (1850) Isaiah Thomas, The
    of his headquarters to Brooklyn, N. Y., where in
    ;

    Hist, of Printing in America (2 vols., 1874) A. H. ;

    Ward, A Geneal. Hist, of the Rice Family (1858). the same year he bought the old Bethel Chapel
    Brief obit, notices are to be found in the Boston Daily under the Brooklyn Bridge. This soon became
    Atlas, Jan. 6, 1845 and Boston Daily Advertiser, Jan.
    too crowded for his following, and he moved to
    ;

    7, 1845-] F.W.S— t.
    more expansive quarters uptown, establishing
    RUSSELL, CHARLES TAZE (Feb. 16, the "Brooklyn Tabernacle." In 1910 he traveled
    1852-Oct. 31, 1916), religious leader, generally- to Palestine, where his speeches exerted some
    known as "Pastor Russell," was born at Pitts- influence on the nascent Zionist movement. The
    burgh, Pa., the son of Joseph L. and Eliza (Bir- next year he was in further trouble, owing to the
    ney) Russell, both of Scotch-Irish descent. His sale in his church (at sixty dollars a bushel) of

    education was confined to that offered in the so-called "Miracle Wheat" alleged to possess
    common schools, supplemented by some work new and very marvellous agricultural proper-
    with private tutors. Received at an early age into ties ; exposed by the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, he
    the Congregational church of which his parents sued the paper for $100,000 damages in October
    were ardent members, he revolted against the 191 1 but lost the case. In the midst of these diffi-
    doctrine of eternal punishment and after several culties he sailed away for a trip around the

    years' study of the Bible became convinced that world, during which he devoted some time to a
    there was no scriptural authority for it. Mean- study of missionary work in the Orient. On his
    while he was supporting himself by selling shirts. return, he was given a great ovation in the Hip-
    In 1872 he believed himself to have discovered podrome by thousands of New York Jews. The
    through his studies that the second coming of scandals connected with his name do not seem to
    Jesus would be in invisible form in the autumn have materially lessened his influence. During
    of 1874. These conclusions he embodied in a all the later years of his life, aside from special

    booklet, The Object and Manner of Our Lord's


    '
    trips, he averaged annually over thirty thousand

    Return, which obtained wide circulation. In 1878 miles of travel in visiting his various pastorates,
    he became pastor of an independent church in including that of the "London Tabernacle," one
    Pittsburgh, and in the following year he began of the strongest centers of Russellism. He died

    to publish a magazine, The Watch Tower and suddenly from heart failure on a train in Texas,
    Herald of Christ's Presence, which was issued his last words being, "Please wrap me in a Ro-
    later as Zion's Watch Tower and still later under man toga" (Watch Tower, Dec. 1, 1916, p. 365)
    its original title. Appearing semi-monthly, with —a request fulfilled so far as possible by means
    no advertisements, and devoted entirely to re- of an improvised toga made out of Pullman
    ligious topics, it ultimately obtained an Anglo- sheets. The
    essence of his teaching lay in the
    American circulation of 45,000 copies, besides doctrine that the world since 1874 has lived in
    being translated into fifteen foreign languages. the "Millennial Age" or "Day of Jehovah," to
    In 1 88 1 Russell published his most important be marked shortly by an international revolution
    work, Food for Thinking Christians, reissued of the working classes reducing society to chaos,

    in 1886 as Millennial Dawn, vol. I, with the sub- after which will occur the resurrection of the

    title, "The Plan of the Ages," later incorporated dead, a last judgment occupying a thousand
    in a six-volume series of Studies of the Scrip- years, and finally the establishment of the mes-
    tures. It attained a circulation of over five and a sianic kingdom on earth.
    half million copies. All of Russell's publications [See Watch Toiver, June 1, 19 16, for Russell's ac-
    count of the development of his theology Ibid., Dec. 1,
    after 1884, embracing numerous pamphlets in
    ;

    1916, for a biog. sketch, reprinted in the 1924 ed. of


    addition to Studies of the Scriptures, were issued The Plan of the Ages obituaries in the N. Y. Times
    ;

    by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society or- and N. Y. Tribune, Nov. 1, 1916 files of the Brooklyn
    ;

    Daily Eagle, Sept., Oct., 191 1, esp. Sept. 23, Oct. 19;
    ganized in that year. M. S. Czatt, The International Bible Students: Jeho-
    Gradually he began to establish branch church- vah's Witnesses (1933).] E. S.B.

    24O

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