Random SBA Questions

My general SBA questions
 Which embryological component does the midbrain come from?

 What are the features of foetal alcohol syndrome?
o Short stature?
o Flat philtrum
o Thin upper lip
 What is adrenarche, how does it present and how does it relate to gonadarche?
o Androgens being release from adrenal gland
o Pubic and axillary hair
o Completely independent from gonadarche
 Definition and types of neglect
o Persistent failure to meet basic physical/psychological needs
o Medical, physical, abandonment, emotional, nutritional, educational, failure to
supervise adequately.
 Risk factors for neglect
o Single parents, disabled parents, poor parents, mental health problems; poor
housing/neighbourhood; unplanned child, disabled child.
 Causes of IUGR
o Smoking, alcohol, poor maternal nutrition
 What is serotonin syndrome and how does it present?
o Overuse of seritonergic medication.
o Hyperthermia, sweating, agitation
 Population of 1000 people on an island. 83 of them have hypertension. Each year, 10
people will develop this disease that have not previously had it. In a lifetime, each
individual has a 30% chance of developing it. What is the incidence and point and
lifetime prevalences for this disease?
o Incidence - 10 per 1000 per year = 1/100 per year = 1% per year
o Point prevalence - 1/12 = 8%
o Lifetime: 3/10 = 30%
 3 core and 3 peripheral symptoms of depression
o Low mood (can be diurnal), anergia, loss of interest
o Low concentration, appetite, anhedonia, poor sleep, low confidence, low
libido, feelings of guilt
 Assessment of severity
o Mild - 2 core plus 2 others
o Moderate - 2 core, 3-4 others
o Severe - severe core symptoms plus 3-4 others
 A patient has been diagnosed with depression and treated for this. Recently since
treatment they have been experiencing very vivid dreams and hallucinations,
especially of giant, murderous shrimps. What was the treatment most likely to be?
o Mindfulness therapy
o CBT
o TCA
o MAOIs
o Benzodiapine
 Cancer - what percentage is inherited?
o 5%
 Stages of a cell cycle from big P's lecture
o G1 - normal metabolism
o S - DNA replication
o G2 - preparation for mitosis
o M - Mitosis
 Function of acinar cells,
o Acinar - secrete lytic enzymes
o Duct cells - bicarbonate
o Islets of Langerhans cells - glucagon and insulin
 Someone has a suspected fucked pancreas. You don't know what the diagnosis is.
What scans would you like to order?
o CA-19-9 - cancer
o Amylase/lipase - confirmation
o LFTs - INR clotting
o MRCP
o Not ERCP
o CT - good for cancer and surrounding tissues
 2 frequent complications of shock, not including death or organ failure
o DIC
o SIRS
 Acute kidney injury - how is this diagnosed?
o >50% from the baseline of creatinine
o < 0.5ml/kg/h >6h
 Generic management for shock, and any differences for different types of shock
o C - control bleeding if necessary
o A - maintain airway
o B - 15L oxygen
o C - blood - 1.5L Hartmann's (250ml for cardiogenic; 250ml boluses of
RBC:PLT:FFP until radial pulse is felt)
o D - disability - check glucose
o E - examine body, maintain temperature
 You have gone through the above in a patient with hypovolaemic shock. You need to
decide whether to give the patient more fluids. How can you decide?
o Passive leg raise
 Antibiotics - 2 classes of each type of mechanism
o Protein synthesis inhibitor: Macrolide, tetracycline, aminoglycoside
o Cell wall: cephalosporins, penicillins, glycopeptides
o Nucleic acid synthesis: Trimethoprim, Quinolones, nitromidazoles
 Which of the following antibiotics would have the highest risk of cross-sensitivity
with flucloxacillin?
o Cefadroxil
o Clarithromycin
o Coamoxiclav
o Metronidazole
o Rifampicin
 What are the 3 functions of antibodies
o Opsonisation
o Neutralisation of pathogen
o Activation of complement
 Right parietal and left parietal lobes of brain drain their lymph to?
o Right - right lymphatic duct
o Left - thoracic duct
 4 methods of microbiology to identify a pathogen
o Agar gel - grow cultures
o Microscopy
o Serum - antibody or antigen
o Molecular tests
 What is the most common serious adverse reaction to vaccination?
o Anaphylaxis
 How many weeks is a term baby?
o 38-42
 A baby is born on 31 weeks. How many weeks premature is this?
o 9
 A pregnant woman has sons aged 17 and 13, and daughters aged 6 and 9. She had
three failed pregnancies at weeks 26, 4 and 7 respectively. Calculate the GP score
o G8 P5+2
 What does a +5 station mean?
o Baby's head is 5cm below the ischial spines
 A woman has given birth and is now bleeding. What IM treatment can you give her to
help control this?
o Carboprost
o Syntometrine is IV

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My general SBA questions

 Which embryological component does the midbrain come from?

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